International Journal of Phytomedicine
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Potential antioxidant and hypoglycaemic effect of the flower extract of Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. (Nyctaginaceae)
Full text linkThe study evaluated the antioxidant and hypoglycaemic potentials of the ethanol flower extract of Bougainvillea spectabilis. Flower extract of Bougainvillea spectabilis were obtained by cold maceration method. The preliminary phytochemical screening and hypoglycaemic effect were carried out using standard methods. Antioxidant screening was carried out using DPPH antioxidant assay test. Five rats were used for each group; normal control, standard control, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w. doses of the crude ethanol flower extract of B. spectabilis to test the hypoglycaemic effect in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Blood glucose levels were measured at different time intervals. The preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, strerols, terpenoids, flavonoids, and carbohydrates. The crude ethanol fraction demonstrated least antioxidant activity while the chloroform fraction showed the highest antioxidant activity followed by the hexane fraction. The ethanol flower extract showed a significant dose dependent hypoglyceamic effect after 24 hours of administration. Of the doses tested, highest hypoglycaemic effect was observed by the ethanol flower extract of the dose 400 mg/kg at 24 hours. The findings revealed that non-polar fractions have more antioxidant activity than the polar fractions while the ethanol flower extract of Bougainvillea spectabilis possesses a delayed hypoglycaemic effect
Antioxidant activity evaluated in vitro of endophytic fungi isolated from Talinum triangulare leaves
No full textEndophytic fungi are microbes that reside in the tissues of living plants without causing any apparent damage. They are very diverse microorganisms that synthesize compounds of various classes within their host plants. The aim of this work is to evaluate the total phenol content and antioxidant capacity of endophytic fungal extracts isolated from the leaves of Talinum triangulare. For this purpose, the extraction of metabolites was carried out using ethyl acetate. The total phenols of the fungal extracts were determined by the classical colorimetric method of Folin-Ciocalteu and the antioxidant capacity was evaluated by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging method and the FRAP method. A total of four endophytic fungi coded CETt-01 to CETt-04 were isolated from this study. The CETt-02 endophyte showed higher antioxidant activity with an IC50 = 0.186 ± 0.043 mg/mL. This high antioxidant activity is positively correlated with its total phenol content. The genomic DNA of the active fungal strain (CETt-02) was isolated and ITS specific regions were amplified and sequenced. Thus, the characterization of this isolate by biology allowed to identify it as Diaporthe fraxini-angustifoliae. This work shows an interesting approach for the discovery of new natural antioxidant compounds
Comparison Between Topical Sucralfate, Topical Platelet-Rich Plasma and Topical Ozonated Virgin Coconut Oil to Enhance Wound Healing in Diabetic Ulcer Mice model
No full textDiabetic ulcer is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus which can lead to further morbidity. Sucralfate, Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and ozonated virgin coconut oil (VCO) has been shown to provide good clinical outcomes in chronic ulcer healing. This study compares the effectiveness of topical sucralfate, topical PRP and topical ozonated VCO therapy for diabetic ulcer treatment in Wistar mice by observing wound length and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Ninety Wistar mice with full-thickness ulcer model on the back were divided into 5 groups. Four groups of mice were receiving diabetic induction using streptozotocin injection and were allocated as topical sucralfate (TS), topical PRP (TP), and topical ozonated VCO (TO) group. The remaining diabetic-positive mice were allocated as the diabetic-positive control group (PC) which received standard therapy, and the other non-diabetic mice were allocated as the diabetic-negative control group (NC) which did not receive any therapy. Topical ozonated VCO enhances the wound healing process better with the greatest wound reduction area and highest VEGF expression compared to topical sucralfate and topical PRP. Topical ozonated VCO can potentially accelerate wound healing in diabetic ulcers better than topical sucralfate and topical PRP
Curcumin loaded Solid lipid nanoparticles enhanced efficacy in vascular dementia against Homocysteine induced toxicity
Full text linkVascular dementia (VaD), a diverse group of brain disorders with cognitive decline is attributable to cerebrovascular pathologies. Recent studies have shown that mitochondrial dysfunctions and oxidative stress are involved in cognitive decline. The aim of the present study was designed to evaluate the effects of Curcumin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (Cur-SLNP) in vascular dementia (VaD) against homocystiene (HCY) induced toxicity by behavioral and biochemical assessment in different regions of the brain. The sign of VaD i.e., learning and memory levels were evaluated with different behavioural assessment like plus maze test. Neurobehavioral analyses revealed that Cur-SLNP administration successfully ameliorated cognitive decline observed in HCY rats. Compared to HCY administration, Cur-SLNP 10 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg administration showed ameliorative effect in behavioural and biochemical assessment induced by HCY. We found that lipid peroxidation levels decreased significantly in striatum (p<0.01), cortex (p<0.001), and hippocampus (p<0.001) after oral administration of Cur-SLNP with HCY animals. Hence, the present findings suggest that the neuroprotective role of Cur-SLNP against HCY induced toxicity could be a novel and promising therapeutic strategy in VaD as well in other age-related neurodegenerative disorders
In vitro Hepatoprotective potential of the whole plant of Fumaria indica (Haussk.) Pugsley and an isolated alkaloid Protopine
Full text linkFumaria indica (Haussk.) Pugsley, Fumariaceae [syn. F. vaillantii Loisel.] is an important medicinal plant known as ‘Fumitory’. Ethnobotanical and ayurvedic literature reports that the plant is used in treatment of liver diseases as well as diverse pharmacological activities. In present work, in vitro hepatoprotective effects of ethanol extract of F. indica (FUP) and alkaloid, protopine (PRT) on carbon tetrachloride induced oxidative stress has been demonstrated. An isoquinoline alkaloid, protopine was isolated from ethanol extract of F. indica and characterized by spectral data. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and ethanol has been used as a hepatotoxin. Cytotoxicity was estimated by quantitating the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in culture medium along with antioxidant enzymes namely superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductase. HPLC profile of FUP and PRT was developed using water: methanol (7:3) as a mobile phase. CCl4 and ethanol induces 5.5 and 4 times more release of LDH from the liver cells and twice the amount of lipid peroxidation as compared to the cells from untreated liver tissue. These LDH and lipid perioxidation activities were reduced significantly in dose dependent manner after addition of FUP and PRT (at doses 0.5 % FUP and at does 0.025, 0.05 % PRT; p < 0.001). The activity of antioxidant enzymes was found to be elevated in CCl4/ethanol treated cells. However, after addition of FUP/PRT along with cytotoxicant the activities were lowered significantly. The peak of PRT has been detected in FUP at retention times 1.670. sBased on these studies it may be precluded that protopine from F. indica, as a possible therapeutic for preventing oxidative stress in vitro by boosting the antioxidant capacity of the liver
Isodon rugosus as potential source of phytopharmacological agents: A review
Full text linkThis piece of writing is aimed to attract the concern of readers and researchers toward the natural bioactive compounds hidden in the depth of natural life. Plant based bioactive compounds have become first choice as a potential source of pharmacological agents. Families of bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, polyphenols, carotenoids, diterpenes, sterols and vitamins enlist the class of naturally occurring families of organic compounds that are widely utilized for the maintenance of natural life. Isodon rugosus is one of the richest plants of Lamiaceae family which contain plenty of biological active compounds. In this review we will focus on labeling and exploring the biological importance of Isodon rugosus. Isodon rugosus plays meaningful role by performing biological activities such as antibacterial, antioxidant, antifungal, anticancer, insecticidal, analgesic and ethnobotanical activities. The strong bioactive potential of Isodon rugosus may act as a key factor to researchers for doing further research work on entire plant to introduce it in pharmacological agents to make the life more sustainable
Prevention of β-amyloid-induced toxicity in a differentiated neuronal (IMR32) cell line by Khaya grandifololia (Welw) C. DC.
Full text linkAlzheimer’s disease (AD) belongs to the class of neurodegenerative disorder and is biochemically characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques deposition, accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) accumulation and ultimately neuronal loss. Even though, the progress made in developing efficient AD therapy, there is no effective drug capable to stop and/or slow down AD progression. In the current article, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of Khaya grandifololia crude extract and fraction 2 against Aβ42-induced cytotoxicity and hyperphosphorylation of tau protein in differentiated neuronal cells (IMR32). Reactive oxygen species production, apoptosis and mitochondrial dynamics and function, synaptic protein, and tau phosphorylation were evaluated using fluorescence microscopy and immunoblotting. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay. Findings revealed that exposure of differentiated IMR32 cells to Aβ42 alone induced the impairment of mitochondrial dynamics, decrease synaptic protein expression and increase hyperphosphorylation of tau protein (phospho tau181). In contrast, the presence of crude extract and KGf2 significantly inhibited the cleavage of Caspase-3 activation. In addition, the levels of synaptic proteins (Symptosomal associated protein 25 and Synaptosin) and superoxide dismutase were restored upon treatment with crude extract and fraction 2. Hyperphosphorylation of tau protein (Thr181) and ERK (Thr202/Tyr205) activities were also significantly reduced after treatment with crude extract and fraction 2. Our findings suggest that KG extract is a potential source for candidate drug against AD and may contribute to the development of efficient therapeutic strategy against AD
Retracted:Phytochemical screening, antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of medicinal plant extracts: Platycarpha glomerata and Tulbaghia alliacea
No full textRetracted:Phytochemical screening, antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of medicinal plant extracts: Platycarpha glomerata and Tulbaghia alliace
Immune stimulating and galectin-3 inhibitory effects of a hydrophilic polysaccharide nutraceutical from Tinospora cordifolia
No full textTinospora cordifolia is an important ayurvedic herb known for its immune stimulating effect. In this investigation, we describe the galectin-3 inhibitory and immune stimulating properties of a novel water-soluble nutraceutical made from Tinospora cordifolia stem. This proprietary extract (T2CA) had a total yield of 6% and contained 86.9% carbohydrates with a high proportion of patented (1,4)-α-D-glucan in it. The T2CA activated T-cytotoxic and NK cells significantly contributing to its immune stimulating effect. Moreover, T2CA induced the activation of functional NK cells in human lymphocyte cultures that in turn contributed to the death of K562 leukemic cells in a dose-dependent manner in co-culture experiments. T2CA inhibited the expression of phosphorylated galectin-3 expression in human glioblastoma cell line which in turn inhibits the activity of MMP2 and MMP9 proteins in zymography investigations and inhibits migration of cancer cells in in vitro scratch assay. Western blot hybridization studies showed that T2CA downregulates the expression of total gal 3 proteins and extended the survival of AKR/J mice injected with Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in the Kepler-Meier survival curve analysis. The inhibitory effect of T2CA on phopho-galectin-3 expression and the activation of T-cytotoxic and NK cells suggested its protective effects against pathogenic infections and human malignancies via its immune stimulating mechanisms
Ayurveda and Siddha systems polyherbal formulations to treat COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 and brief insight on application of Molecular Docking and SWISS Target prediction tools to study efficacy of active molecules
Full text linkAyurveda and Siddha systems are the two ancient medical systems originated in India more than 4000 years ago had given many formulary and treatment methods against influenza like infections. Kabasura churan from Siddha system and Maha sudharshan churan from the Ayurvedic system are the two major formulations along with many other individual herbs mentioned in the texts to treat Influenza like infections. Kabasura churan and Maha Sudarshan churan both have antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. Both formulations were prepared according to Siddha and Ayurvedic texts. Herbs mentioned in both formulations like Turmeric, Tulsi (Basil), Kalmegh (Andrographis), Black Pepper, Liquorice (Mulethi), and Dronapushpi (Leucas) etc., had direct antiviral effect. Herbs like Aswagandha, Ginger, Guduchi (Tinospora), Kulanjan (Galangal) etc., had immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effect. Active compounds from different herbs were selected to study their antiviral activity through molecular docking algorithm. Application of modern of tools like Bioinformatics and Highthroughput screening methods can predict the efficacy of the ancient documented formulations and can be compared as per their literature. Compounds like curcumin, Glycyrrhizin, Ursolic acid, Quercetin, Andrographolide, Coumarins etc. were showed polyspecific activity like inhibition of Spike protein, Furin, Main Protease (Mpro) and Papain like Proteases (PLpro). Thus we propose use of Kabasura churan and Maha Sudharshan churan as alternative complementary medicine as a palliative treatment against COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 by conducting proper Randomized Clinical Trial