International Journal of Phytomedicine
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Antioxidant and Antiulcer Potential on leaves of Brassica nigra L. against Gastric Ulcer
No full textIn the present study, anti-ulcerative effects of extract of Brassica nigra L. leaves were investigated in pylorus ligation and aspirin-induced gastric ulcer models in rats. In present study antiulcer effect of ethanolic extract of Brassica nigra leaves is well understood by total acidity, free acidity, and ulcer index of different groups of animals in both the model viz. Pylorus ligation model & Aspirin induced gastric ulcer in experimental rats when compared the test group with control and standard group. The percentage of ulcer inhibition was observed in pylorus ligated model was as follows: standard, BNLE 100mg/kg, BNLE 200mg/kg and BNLE 300mg/kg 55.76%, 30.96%, 49.54% and 51.35% respectively. The mechanism of gastric ulcer healing is not well understood and further study is needed to evaluate the specific phytoconstituents responsible for the gastric ulcer healing but on the basis of present study it can be concluded that this gastric healing potential may be due to the pharmacological effect played by the different phytoconstituents present in the ethanolic extract of Brassica nigra leaves for prevention of gastric mucosa or by the antioxidant potential of the leaves which is evaluated during the DPPH free radical scavenging activity
Evaluation of antidiabetic and antioxidative efficacy of ethyl acetate fraction of methanolic extract of Camellia sinensis (green tea) leaves in streptozotocin induced diabetic albino rat
No full textObjective: To investigate the antidiabetic and antioxidative potentiality of ethyl-acetate fraction of methanolic extract of Camellia sinensis (Green tea) leaves in streptozotocin induced diabetic rat. Methods: Streptozotocin induced diabetic state was confirmed by increased level of fasting blood glucose, decreased level of serum insulin along with inhibition in carbohydrate metabolomics. Oxidative stress was assessed by measuring antioxidative enzyme activities of hepatic and skeleto-muscular tissue. Hepatic Hexokinase-I, pro-apoptotic Bax and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 gene expression patterns were noted by qRT-PCR technique. Results: After treatment with ethyl-acetate fraction of methanolic extract of Camellia sinensis (Green tea) leaves at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight/day to diabetic rats for 28 days, a significant (p < 0.05) recovery was noted in fasting blood glucose level, serum insulin level along with activities of carbohydrate metabolic enzymes in hepatic tissue in respect to the vehicle treated diabetic group. This fraction also resulted a significant (p < 0.05) recovery in the activities of antioxidative enzymes in hepatic and skeleto - mascular tissue. In streptozotocin induced diabetic rat the low level of expression of Hexokinase-I, anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and high level of expression of pro-apoptotic Bax gene were observed in hepatic tissue in respect to vehicle treated control. There were recovered significantly after the treatment with the said fraction. Conclusion: From the results, it may be concluded that ethyl-acetate fraction of methanolic extract of leaves of C. sinensis has a promising anti-diabetic and antioxidative activities for the management of streptozotocin induced diabetic state
Ameliorative effect of Ficus dalhousiae Miq. (Moraceae) methanolic leaf extract on carbon tetrachloride induced hepatic and renal toxicity
No full textDeveloping traditional medicine in the field of hepatology and nephrology research is the key to pharmacology. This study demonstrates the mechanism of hepatoprotective and renal protective activity of Ficus dalhousiae Miq. (Moraceae) methanolic leaf extract on carbon tetrachloride induced hepatic and renal toxicity. Shade dried powder was subjected to shoxlet extraction with methanol and assessed for hepatoprotective and renal protective activities. Hepatotoxicity and renal toxicity were induced in rats by single oral dose of CCl4 diluted with olive oil (1:1 v/v; ml/kg body weight) after pretreatment of methanolic extract for seven days. Sixteen hrs after CCl4 administration, rats were sacrificed and biochemical markers like Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) estimated followed by the measurement of liver and kidney cytosolic antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The data were analysed by one way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The extract at the doses of 150 and mg/kg b.w. significantly reduces elevated levels of ALT, AST, ALP and LDH. The extracts also showed significant increase in the reduced level of SOD, CAT and GSH. The ROS activity also found down regulated. The activity of methanolic extracts were comparable with the standard Silymarin. These findings not only showed potential hepatoprotective and renal protective activities of Ficus dalhousiae but also manifested by restoring antioxidant enzymes. With this pilot study we can justify the medicinal importance of this plant
Herbal Recipes used by traditional healers towards Reproductive and Urinary healthcare in Wayanad (Kerala) India.
Full text linkThe traditional healers in Wayanad (Kerala), India possess rich aboriginal herbal medicinal knowledge (AHMK). This investigation has brought in to light many valuable therapeutic measures which were at the verge of extinction. Validation and documentation of some of such valuable in formation was hence done in order to conserve at least a part of this aboriginal ethno medicinal heritage. The study consists of three consecutive phases. In the first phase a methodology for the study including work plan was elucidated. A field level testing of the method was executed at a selected study site. In the second phase an extensive data collection cum field appraisal long three calendar years commences from July 2010 to July 2013 was conducted. In the final and third phase, validation and recording of the valid responses was done. A total of 60 species distributed in 56 genera belong to 38 families were identified being used in 67 recipes meant for 15 reproductive and urinary healthcare measures in Wayanad (Kerala), India. 31 herbs, 28 trees, 22 climbers and 16 shrubs were among the medicinal constituents. The therapeutic ingredients includes Fresh whole plants (12), dried whole plant (08), fresh root (2), dry root (29), fresh tuber (01), dried tuber (17), fresh bark (01), dried bark (02), fresh leaves (04) dried leaf (01), dried stem (01), dried petiole (01), pith powder (01), dried gum (2), fresh inflorescence (01), dried inflorescence (01), fresh flower (03), dried stamen (01), dried fruits (07), dried seeds (11), and seed oil (01). Validity stands maximum when FPVS was four and minimum when FPVS was two. Among the 67 medicinal recipes 59 has highest FPVS and the remaining 08 has mediocre FPVS. Many of the aboriginal herbal medicinal cultures (AHMC) and the associated therapeutic knowledge and practices still alive in the district are at the verge of extinction. The present study hence pivots around the conservation issues of this aboriginal medicinal heritage, particularly in the cure and management of urinary and reproductive ailments. This improves and sustains the aboriginal therapeutic system to contribute better to the national health repository
The radical scavenging activity of 2-2’ diphenyl -1- picrylhydrazil (DPPH) on the methanol extracts and Ethyl acetate fractions of red dragon fruit peel (Hylocereus polyrhizus (F.A.C.Weber) Britton dan Rose)
No full textRed dragon fruit (H. Polyrhizus) is one of the the plants that has a great potential as natural antioxidant. This study tested the activity of radical scavenging of 2-2\u27 diphenyl -1- pikril hidrazil (DPPH) in the methanol extract, as well as in the soluble and insoluble fractions of ethyl acetate of red dragon fruit peel. This research is carried out through various stages, such as: extraction and fractionation to obtain both insoluble fraction and soluble fractions of ethyl acetate. Antioxidant activity test is conducted by the method of thin layer chromatography and spectrophotometry. Antioxidant activity test, IC50 values of methanol extract, ethyl acetate soluble fraction, and insoluble fraction of ethyl acetate had been obtained consecutively as much as 241.19 µg /mL, 8.34 µg/mL, 46.84 µg/mL. The soluble fraction of ethyl acetate had greater antioxidant activity compared to the methanol extract and the insoluble fractions of ethyl acetate
Anticariogenic potential of Potentilla fulgens extract and its chemical constituents
No full textStreptococci and Lactobacilli are the most common bacteria causing dental caries. Potentilla fuglens, native of north-east India is used by tribal people to cure teeth and gum problems. Based on its ethomedical use, its anticariogenic potential was evaluated. The crude methanol extract was found to have good anticariogenic potential. Epigallocatechingallate (4) was found to the most effective inhibitor against the tested bacterial strains. Epiafzelechin (4β→8) epicatechin (8) also demonstrated comparatively better activity than other dimeric compounds (MIC of 1.56, 3.12 and 3.12 μg/mL against Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus rhamnosus, respectively). Time-kill studies and biofilm formation inhibition assays showed molecule 8 to be comparable to compound 4 in terms of antibacterial action. The results suggest that these compounds and Potentilla extracts could be employed as natural antibacterial agents in oral health care products
Documentation of Ethnoveterinary Practices in the CKNP Region, Gilgit-Baltistan
No full textMajority of the livestock holders in different areas of Central Karakoram National Park (CKNP) region in Gilgit-Baltistan lack the modern veterinary healthcare facilities. The local community mostly depends upon the traditional floral therapeutic veterinary practices for the cure of various livestock diseases. The lack of the ethnoveterinary surveys in the CKNP region results in loss in the scientific documentation of the traditional information and practices about the livestock healthcare. The present study deals with the documentation of the livestock diseases and the ethnoveterinary herbal and non-herbal therapeutic practices by the livestock holders in CKNP region. The study was conducted from March 2012 to March 2013 in the valleys of CKNP region. The ethnoveterinary data was collected through the semi-structured questionnaires and the techniques of interviews and field visits. And the productive interaction provided an enabling background for the successful Rapid Rural Appraisal and Participatory Rural Appraisal research. Total 156 local community members were interviewed in Thallay, Khaplu, Hushe and Shigar valleys. The survey showed the prevalence of the most common diseases e.g. FMD, intestinal problems etc. Among the 51 medicinal plants, the Asteraceae family exhibited the highest number of genera with the therapeutic species. The parts of the plants that were most frequently used for the therapeutic purposes were the leaves (55%), seed (15%) etc. The present study contributed to the documentation of the medicinal plants used in the ethnoveterinary practices in valleys in CKNP region, Gilgit-Baltistan
Oral supplementations of Bauhinia variegata’s leaf extract has anxiolytic effect and improves locomotory and exploratory behavior of female albino mice
No full textPresent study was designed to investigate the effects of 200 mg/ml solvent/Kg of body weight of Bauhinia variegata’s leaf extract on neuromuscular coordination, locomotory and exploratory behavior of adult female albino mice. Six week old female albino mice were used as experimental animals. Mice were either orally supplemented with 200 mg/ml/Kg of body weight Bauhinia variegata’s leaf extract or with saline solution [0.9%] for 7 days. Behavioral observations were made by applying a series of neurological tests [Rota rod, Elevated plus maze, Light and dark box, Open field and Novel object test]. Exploratory and locomotory behavior during Open Field test was improved in leaf extract treated mice as they had more means speed [P = 0.01], rotations [P = 0.001], clockwise rotations [P = 0.004] and anti-clockwise rotations [P = 0.001] than control mice. Bauhinia variegata’s leaf extract treated mice had higher transition frequency [P = 0.002] and spent more time in light compartment during light dark box test than saline treated controls. Bauhinia variegata’s leaf extract treated mice covered more distance [P = 0.033] with higher speed [P = 0.028] compared to control mice during Elevated Plus Maze test. Bauhinia variegata’s leaf extract improves the locomotory and exploratory behavior in adult female albino mice. Leaf extract of Bauhinia variegate can be further explored to be used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of neurological ailments
In Vitro antioxidant activity of Polygonum Glabrum
No full textAssessment of antioxidant activity was imperative in the screening of medicinal plants for potential health benefits. In present study methanol extract of Polygonum glabrum (polygonaceae) was screened for its in vitro antioxidant activity using biologically relevant methodologies which scavenge radicals such as 1,1 diphenyl 2 picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl, superoxide anion and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS). Total reducing ability by conversion of ferric (III) to ferrous (II) and molybdenum (VI) to molybdenum (V), metal ion chelating capacity and anti lipid peroxidation activities were also examined. The antioxidant ability of Polygonum glabrum whole plant extract was found to be in a dose dependent manner. The IC50 values for scavenging of DPPH● and ABTS●+ free radicals were 13.18 μg/ml and 20.46 μg/ml. For scavenging of nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals, the IC50 values were found to be 80.22 μg/ml, 33.06 μg/ml, 52.26μg/ml and 36.98 μg/ml respectively. Further, addition of 120μg/ml of plant extract to the reaction mixture produced 50% lipid peroxidation inhibition activity. Commercial antioxidants such as vitamin E, quercetin, butylated hydroxytoluene and ascorbic acid were used as reference compounds. The strong antioxidant activity of Polygonum glabrum may be credited to the presence of triterpenes [beta-hydroxyfriedalanol], phenols [3-hydroxy-5-methoxystilbene], flavonoids [pinocembrin and pinocembrin-5-methylether], steroids [sitosterol - (6-O-palmitoyl)- 3-O-β-D glucopyranoside and sitosterol-3-O-β-D glucopyranoside], sesqueterpenes [2,3-dihydroxy isodrimeninol] and pigments etc in methanol extract
Antiviral activity and Antioxidant role of phenolics from Sophora interrupta Bedd in NDV induced oxidative stress in chickens
No full textThe present investigation is taken up to evaluate the antiviral efficacy of phenolics isolated from Sophora interrupta Bedd and their antioxidant role in the brain and lungs of chicken during Newcastle disease virus (NDV) induced oxidative stress. The activity levels of selected antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalyse (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) levels were significantly decreased in brain and lung tissues of NDV infected animals over controls causing oxidative stress. In addition, histopathological alterations disclosed that lungs of NDV infected chicken were affected severely as evidenced by the alterations in alveolar cell morphology, congestion, necrotic and degenerative changes whereas degeneration of Purkinje cells, neuronal necrosis, degeneration in myelin sheath and compression of cells were observed in the brain of NDV infected chickens. These reduced antioxidant defence mechanisms and histopathological abnormalities were restored to normal when chicken were pre-treated with the phenolics isolated from Sophora interrupta Bedd at the dose of 300 mg/Kg Bw/day for one week. Pre-treatment with the phenolics isolated from the above medicinal plant also caused significant reduction in the titre levels of NDV. These results suggest that pre-treatment with the phenolics isolated from Sophora interrupta Bedd exhibited significant antiviral activity and thus the plant extract may be used as a prophylactic treatment for the prevention of NDV infection in chicken