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Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kamboja Putih (Plumeria acuminata) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans (Antibacterial Activity Of Etanol Extract Of White Frangipani leaf (Plumeria acuminata) Against The Growth Of Streptococcus mutan
Get PDFBackground : Most of caries are caused by Streptococcus mutans. Etanol extract of white frangipani leaf are supposed to inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans. This extract contains antibacterial compound such us flavonoid, saponin, tannin, and alkaloid. Purpose : This study was to determine the antibacterial activity of etanol extract of white frangipani leaf in variant concentration on growth of Streptocossus mutans. Method : This study was used well diffusion method with 6 treatment groups. Each petridish were filled BHI-A and inoculated by S. mutans followed by making 6 wells using the borer (diameter 5 mm) and filled 20 µL of white frangipani leaf extract 50%, 25%, 12,5%, 6,25%, povidone iodine as positive control, and aquadest sterile as negative control into the well. Each petridish were incubated at 37ºC for 24 hours. The inhibitory zones were measured by using digital calliper. Results: The result showed that there were inhibitory zones in positive control, extract 50%, and 25% treatment groups and there is no inhibitory zones in negative control, extract 12,5%, and 6,25%. Conclusion: Etanol extract of White frangipani leaf has antibacterial activity against the growth of Streptococcus mutans with minimum inhibitory concentration of 25% .
Keywords : Antibacterial activity, Streptococcus mutans, Etanol extract of white frangipani leaf.
 
Hubungan Efek Samping Suplemen Zat Besi (Fe) dengan Kepatuhan Ibu Hamil di Puskesmas Sumbersari Kabupaten Jember (The Association between Side Effects of Iron Supplementation and Medication Adherence among Pregnant Women in Sumbersari Health Center Jember Regency, East Java)
Get PDFCurrent knowledge shows that iron supplementation during pregnancy decreases risks of preterm birth and neonatal death. Adherence to iron supplements among pregnant women is very important as it has a large effect on mothers and fetuses. Side effects from iron tablets altogether with physical changes due to pregnancy may decrease patient adherence. Surveillance on medication adherence among pregnant women in Jember is limited. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between side effects and the adherence of pregnant mothers consuming iron tablets. This cross-sectional research used a questionnaire to assess mother's adherence in Puskesmas Sumbersari Jember Regency. A total of 90 pregnant women agreed to participate by giving their consent. The result showed that 58 respondents complained on nausea and vomiting (60.3 %), constipation (31.0 %), headache (17.2 %), diarrhea (10.3 %), and stomach pain (1.7 %). Side effects have negative association to the adherence in pregnant women (p=0.007). Keywords: side effects, iron supplementation, pregnanc
Pengaruh Diabetes Self Management Education and Support (DSME/S) Terhadap Stres Pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus (DM) Tipe 2 Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Patrang Kabupaten Jember (The Effect of Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support [DSME/S] on Stress i
Get PDFDiabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease that needs a sustainable self-care. Low-level knowledgeof self-care can worsen health condition and cause stress. DSME/S is an ongoing process tofacilitate knowledge, skill, and abilities required to perform self-care. This research aimed to analyzethe effect of DSME/S on stress in patients with type 2 DM. The design was quasi-experimental withrandomized control group pretest-posttest design. The sample size was 30 respondents which wererandomly divided into 15 respondents as the intervention group and 15 respondents as the controlgroup. DSME/S was conducted once per week for 6 weeks with 150 minutes for each encounter.The measurement of stress was measured by using Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS). The data wereanalyzed by using dependent t test and independent t test with significance level of 0.05. The resultof dependent t test revealed a significant difference of stress between pretest and posttest both inthe intervention group (p = 0.000) and in the control group (p = 0.000). Furthermore, independent ttest showed a significant difference between intervention group and control group (p = 0.001) sothat there was a significant effect of DSME/S on stress in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Keywords : stress, DSME/S, diabetes mellitu
Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Brokoli (Brassica oleracea) terhadap Kadar SGOT dan SGPT Tikus Wistar yang Diinduksi DMBA (The Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea) on SGOT and SGPT of Wistar Rats Induced by DMBA)
Get PDFDMBA is a product of incomplete burning which can cause free radicals in human. The metabolism of DMBA by Cytochrome P450 in liver causes hepatocyte DNA damage and decrease endogenous antioxidant. Broccoli contains flavonoid which can act as an antioxidant by inhibiting formation of free radicals through hydrogen atom donation to free radicals. This research aimed to analyze the effect of ethanolic extract of broccoli on SGOT and SGPT of wistar rats induced by DMBA. This research used 24 rats divided into six groups: control group, negative control group, and four treatment groups with broccoli ethanolic extract of 250 mg/kgBW, 500 mg/kgBW, 1000 mg/kgBW, and 2000 mg/kgBW for 7 days. The SGOT and SGPT levels of control group were 70,36 U/L and 33,97 U/L; negative control group 107,16 U/L and 56,21 U/L; the first treatment 101,50 U/L and 49,33 U/L; the second treatment 85,32 U/L and 43,67 U/L; the third treatment 84,11 U/L and 40,84 U/L; and the fourth treatment 81,28 U/L and 35,18 U/L. The result of One Way Annova test for SGOT was p=0,012 while SGPT was p=0,003. In this study, ethanolic extract of broccoli could protect hepatocyte by decreasing SGOT and SGPT levels. Â Keywords: ethanolic extract of broccoli, SGOT and SGPT levels, DMB
Evaluasi Kehilangan Gaya (Force Decay) Elastomeric Chain pada Perendaman Minuman Teh Kemasan (Evaluation of Force Decay Elastomeric Chain on The Immersion of Tea Packaging)
No full textBackground : Force decay elastomeric chain can be caused by evironmental factors in the oral cavity suchas temperature,pH, saliva andalso drinks have been consumed. Tea beverage has an acidic pH which is suspected influencing force decay in elastomeric chain, so that tooth movement can not be optimal during orthodontic treatment. Objective : To analyze the loss of high force on elastomeric chain due to immersion of tea beverage. Method : Samples consisted of two groups, they are control group using artificial saliva and the treatment group using artificial saliva then added to the tea beverage. The trearment group were immersed in the solutions three times a day for 5 minutes every 24 hours. Force (grF) was measured using Autograph Machine, initially (0 hours), 0,5 hours, 1,5 hours, 3,5 hours, 7,5 hours, 24 hours and 48 hours. Result and Conclusion : The result showed no significant different between the groups of control and treatment groups. The conclusion from this research shown that elastomeric chain immersed in tea beverages packagingand saliva increased forcedecaygreater than the elastomeric chain that just immersedin saliva,but the difference was not significant. Keywords : elastomeric chain, force decay,tea beverage
Efek Ekstrak Kulit Mangga Arumanis (Mangifera indica L.) terhadap Paw Licking Time Mencit Putih Jantan yang Diinduksi Formalin (The Effect of Arumanis Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Peel Extract on the Paw Licking Time in White Male Mice Induced by Formalin
Get PDFMango is one of the plants which have a lot of benefits in pharmacology. Total phenol in its peel is higher than in its flesh with the main component is mangiferin and quercetin which known have activity to inhibit cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) enzyme. The inhibition of COX-2 leads to the decrease of the production of prostaglandin (PgE2) so it can reduce pain which marked by the decrease of paw licking time on mice induced by formalin. Formalin-induced pain is divided into two phase: early phase at 0-5th minutes and late phase at 15-30th minutes. The aim of this research was to know the effect of Arumanis mango peel extract to decrease the paw licking time in white male mice. The research design was true experimental. The result of analyses used One Way Anova shows that there were significant difference in each treatment groups with significance p < 0,05. The LSD analysis on late phase showed no significant difference between the fifth treatment group and the positive control group in LSD test. It can be concluded that arumanis mango peel extract has equal effect with natrium diclofenac in decreasing paw licking time on late phase in dosage 26 mg/g.
Keywords: mango peel, paw licking time, flavonoid
 
Optimasi Hidroksipropil Metilselulosa dan Carbopol terhadap Moisture Content dan Laju Pelepasan Patch Ibuprofen In Vitro (Optimization of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose and Carbopol for Moisture Content and Release Rate of Ibuprofen Patch In Vitro)
Get PDFIbuprofen is non steroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) of the propionic acid class which is widely used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Ibuprofen patch is an effective approach evading ibuprofen's adverse effect in the GI tract and first pass effect. The function of polymer is to control the drug release from the patch. The aims of this study were to determine the effect of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) K4M and carbopol 934 combination on the moisture content (MC), in-vitro drug release, and to obtain the optimum formula of those polymers. Ibuprofen patch were prepared into three formulas based on simplex lattice design with the ratio of HPMC K4M : carbopol 934, that were 1 : 0, 0.5 : 0.5, and 0 : 1. Design expert software was used to obtain the optimum formula of both polymers. The results of this study showed that patch with HPMC K4M : carbopol 934 (0.5 : 0.5) gave the best MC and the in-vitro drug release. The optimum formula was HPMC K4M and carbopol 934 with the ratio of 0.5 : 0.5. Keywords: ibuprofen, patch, HPMC, carbopo
Pengaruh Pajanan Radiasi Sinar-X dari Radiografi Panoramik terhadap pH Saliva (The Effects of Panoramic Dental X-Ray Radiation Exposure on Salivary pH)
Get PDFBackground: Panoramic radiograph is a dental radiodiagnosis which is often used to assist in establishing diagnosis and determining treatment plans using low dose x-ray radiation exposure.The basic working principle of panoramic radiograph is using ionizing radiation which causes ionization reactions on the affected objects. Radiation area in patients undergoing panoramic radiograph involves salivary glands, thus it generates certain impacts in the quality and quantity of saliva produced. Aim: To analyze the effects of panoramic dental x-ray radiation exposure on salivary pH. Research Method: This study used quasi experimental research method with pre and post test only control group design. Eight people were chosen as samples based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Saliva testing was performed to the chosen samples pre and post panoramic dental x-ray radiation exposure. The research data were measured using paired t-test statistical analysis. Result: There wassignificant difference on salivary pH pre and post panoramic dental x-ray radiation exposure (p<0,05). Conclusion: Panoramic dental x-ray exposure can decrease salivary pH. Keywords: Panoramic radiograph, Salivary p
Optimasi Kecepatan dan Lama Pengadukan dalam Preparasi Microspheres Metformin Hidroklorida Menggunakan Polimer Etil Selulosa (Optimization of Stirring Speed and Time on Preparation of Metformin Hydrochloride Microspheres Using Ethyl Cellulose Polymer)
Get PDFMetformin hydrochloride (MH) is a first line therapy in the treatment of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. However, MH has a very short half-life, relatively low bioavailability, and gastrointestinal adverse effects. Controlled released formulations can overcome this problem by increasing gastro retention time (GRT). Drug delivery systems aimed at improving GRT can be designed in a single units (eg, tablets) and multiple unit (eg, microspheres). Stirring speed and time affect several aspects such as shape, size, and particle size distribution, the release rate, and entrapment efficiency (EE) of the microspheres.. This research was aimed to find the stirring speed and time to produce MH microspheres having high EE. The result showed that the microspheres stirred at 1,000 rpm for 2 hours produced the highest EE, 84.792 ± 0.975 %; had the drug loading of 12.067 ± 0.0649 %; and yield of 99.44 ± 0.123 % with the particle size 157.5 ± 1.007 μm, has the spheres shape and a relatively smooth and bright surface morphology. FTIR analysis results indicated that there were no changes in the functional groups on MH as an active ingredient.
Keywords: metformin hydrochloride-ethyl cellulose microspheres, non-aquoeous solvent evaporation, stirring speed, stirring time, factorial design
 
Pengaruh Ekstrak Albumin Ikan Gabus (Chana striata) terhadap Kadar IFN-γ Pasien Tuberkulosis Paru dengan Pengobatan Fase Intensif (The Effect of Albumin Snakehead Fish (Chana striata) Extract on IFN-Y of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients during Intens
Get PDFPulmonary tuberculosis is a respiratory infection disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in lung tissue. Mycobacterium tuberculosis could inhibit macrophage activation by inducing an increase of SOCS1 which can inhibit IFN-γ signaling process. Meanwhile, IFN-γ production continues as long as Mycobacterium tuberculosis still exist, so the IFN-γ levels stay high. This study aimed to investigate the effect of albumin snakehead fish (Chana striata) extract to decrease IFN-γ level. The study design was a quasy experimental design. The study subject was 24 tuberculosis patients during intensive phase medication, were divided into 2 groups. Experimental group was given 1500 mg/day albumin snakehead fish (Chana striata) extract while control group was placebo for 30 days. This study showed that albumin snakehead fish (Chana striata) extraxt can decrease significanly IFN-γ levels in the experimental group (p=0.006) but not statistically signicant if compared with the decrease of control group (p=0.061). It can be concluded that albumin snakehead fish (Chana striata) extract in dose of 1500 mg/day had not able to decrease IFN-γ levels of pulmonary tuberculosis patients during intensive phase medication yet.  Keywords: tuberculosis, albumin, snakehead fish, IFN-Î