JAMBI MEDICAL JOURNAL "Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan"
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UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI FRAKSI DAUN SIRIH (PIPER BETLE L) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS SECARA IN VITRO
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One of natural ingredient that is often used as a medicinal plant is betel leaf (Piper betle L). Streptococcus mutans is a gram-positive bacteria and normal flora of the oral cavity. Dental caries is a disease that is localized dental hard tissue damage that occurs due to the interaction between the host (teeth), bacteria, substrate (diet), and time. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of antibacterial fraction of betel leaf (Piper betle L) againt Streptococcus mutans bacterial growth in vitro. This research includes laboratory experimental study in vitro. The samples were bacterium Streptococcus mutans. Fraction of betel leaf samples were divided in 6 concentration, 10 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml, 2,5 mg/ml, 1,25 mg/ml, 0,625 mg/ml, 0,3125 mg/ml with a comparison of ciprofloxacin. Analyze data using homogeneity test using Levene test/Smirnov Kolmogorof, T test , Anova and post thoc, all analyzes using SPSS . The results of this study showed that the active fraction is N-hexane. N-hexane fraction had a MIC value of 1,25 mg/ml against Streptococcus mutans bacteria. Class of active compounds are contained phenol. Based on the results of statistical tests ciprofloxacin was more effective when compared with N-hexane fraction of the bacteria Streptococcus mutans with p value < 0.05
Keywords : Streptococcus mutans , betel leaf (Piper betle L), experimental studies, in vitro.
Abstrak
Salah satu bahan alam yang sering digunakan sebagai tanaman obat adalah daun sirih (Piper betle L ). Streptococcus mutans adalah bakteri gram positif dan merupakan flora normal rongga mulut. Karies gigi merupakan penyakit gigi terlokalisir yang merusak jaringan keras gigi yang terjadi karena adanya interaksi antara host (gigi), bakteri, substrat (diet), dan waktu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas antibakteri fraksi daun sirih (Piper betle L) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus mutans secara in vitro.Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian eksperimental laboratoris in vitro. Sampel penelitian adalah bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Sampel fraksi daun sirih dibagi menjdi 6 konsentrasi yaitu 10 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml, 2,5 mg/ml, 1,25 mg/ml, 0,625 mg/ml, 0,3125 mg/ml dengan pembanding siprofloksasin. Analisa data menggunakan uji homogenitas dengan menggunakan uji Levene/Smirnov Kolmogorof, Uji T, Anova dan Post hoc, semua analisa menggunakan program SPSS. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa fraksi yang aktif adalah N-heksan. Fraksi N-heksan memiliki nilai KHM 1,25 mg/ml terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Golongan senyawa aktif yang terkandung adalah fenol. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik siprofloksasin masih lebih efektif bila dibandingkan dengan fraksi N-heksan terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutans dengan p value < 0,05.
Kata Kunci : Streptococcus mutans, daun sirih (Piper betle L), penelitian eksperimen, in vitr
TATA LAKSANA NUTRISI PADA PASIEN LUKA BAKAR LISTRIK
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Background: In electrical burn injuries, damages of internal organs are not comparable to burn injuries in the body’s surface. Nutrition therapy is an integral part in burn management from resuscitation to rehabilitation phase. Currently there are recommendations of nutrition management in severe burn injury, but no recommendation that specificaly for electrical burn injury. Methods: These case series describes nutrition management in four electrical burn patients with complications. First patient with cervical trauma, second patient had AKI and decreased liver function, third patient had septic shock, and fourth patient had sepsis and amputation. Target energy given calculated by Harris-Benedict equation with stress factor 1,5─2. Protein was given 1,5─2 g/kg BW/day except patient with AKI, protein restricted to 0,8─1 g/kg BW/day until improvement of renal function. Carbohydrates and lipids were given 60─65% and <35%, respectively. Micronutrients supplementation such as antioxidant vitamins, vitamin B complex, and folic acid were provided. Results: Three patients had improvement in clinical condition, functional capacity, and laboratory results that allowed them to be discharged. Length of stay patients were 17, 60, and 20 days respectively. One patient died after 14 days of hospitalization. Conclusion: Optimal and appropriate nutrition management can reduced morbidity and mortality rate in the electrical burn injury patients.
Keywords: Electrical burn injury, complications, nutrition management
Abstrak
Latar belakang: Pada pasien luka bakar listrik, keparahan trauma pada organ dalam tidak sebanding dengan luka bakar di permukaan tubuh sehingga dikategorikan sebagai luka bakar berat. Terapi nutrisi merupakan bagian integral tata laksana luka bakar sejak awal resusitasi hingga fase rehabilitasi. Saat ini sudah terdapat rekomendasi tata laksana nutrisi luka bakar berat. Namun, belum terdapat rekomendasi spesifik untuk luka bakar listrik. Metode: Serial kasus ini memaparkan tatalaksana nutrisi terhadap empat pasien kasus luka bakar listrik dengan penyulit. Pasien pertama dengan trauma servikal, pasien kedua mengalami AKI dan penurunan fungsi hati, pasien ketiga mengalami syok sepsis, dan pasien keempat mengalami sepsis dan amputasi. Target pemberian energi dihitung menggunakan persamaan Harris-Benedict ditambah faktor stres 1,5–2. Protein diberikan 1,5–2 g/kgBB/hari kecuali pada pasien dengan AKI diberikan 0,8–1 g/kgBB/hari hingga terjadi perbaikan. Karbohidrat dan lemak berturut-turut 60–65% dan <35%. Mikronutrien diberikan berupa multivitamin antioksidan, vitamin B kompleks dan asam folat. Hasil: Tiga pasien mengalami perbaikan klinis, kapasitas fungsional, dan laboratorium hingga diperbolehkan rawat jalan. Lama perawatan ketiga pasien tersebut berturut-turut 17, 60, dan 20 hari. Satu orang pasien meninggal akibat penyulit setelah dirawat selama 14 hari. Kesimpulan: Tatalaksana nutrisi yang optimal dan tepat dapat menurunkan morbiditas dan mortalitas pasien dengan luka bakar listrik.
Kata kunci: Luka bakar listrik, penyulit, tata laksana nutrisi
UJI KEPEKAAN BAKTERI YANG DIISOLASI DARI PASIEN DENGAN BAKTERIURIA TERHADAP ANTIBIOTIK AMOKSISILIN, LEVOFLOKSASIN DAN CIPROFLOKSASIN DI LABORATORIUM MIKROBIOLOGI RSUD RADEN MATTAHER JAMBI PERIODE OKTOBER - NOVEMBER 2016
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Urinary tract infection (UTI) one of infection resulting in significant morbidity and occasional mortality. Mostly, Community-acquired UTI caused by E. Coli. Antibacterial is the empiric treatment for UTI and the antibacterial resistance pattern of UTI can be changed by the place and time. Antibiotic is used to treat UTI such as cephalosporin, penicillin and quinolon. This research is to determine the antibacterial resistance pattern of amoxcillin, levofloxacin and ciprofloxcacin with disk diffusion method. The urine samples were taken from Laboratory of Microbiology Hospital Raden Mattaher Jamb with positive bacteriuria. This research obtained 46 samples. The most bacteries in urine were Staphylococcus haemolitycus (30,4%), E. Coli 13%, others (56,6%). Antibacterial susceptibility pattern for E. Coli showed that 66,6% sensitive to amoxcillin , 50% sensitive to ciprofloxacin and 83,3% sensitive to levofloxaci
HUBUNGAN INDEKS MASSA TUBUH DENGAN KEBUGARAN JASMANI MAHASISWA PRODI KEDOKTERAN UNJA
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Gaya hidup masyarakat yang lebih senang mengkonsumsi makanan siap saji, tidak ada waktu untuk berolah raga, dan kurangnya waktu istirahat akan berdampak pada kesehatan secara personal dan juga berdampak pada indeks massa tubuh serta kebugaran seseorang. Ada penelitian yang menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara status gizi dengan tingkat kebugaran jasmani seseorang namun ada juga penelitian yang menunjukkan hasil sebaliknya. Kesenjangan ini mendorong peneliti untuk mengetahui hubungan indeks massa tubuh dengan tingkat kebugaran jasmani khusunya pada mahasiswa Program Studi Kedokteran Universitas Jambi yang umumnya kurang memperhatikan kebugaran jasmani akibat kesibukan mengikuti kegiatan akademik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional terhadap 83 mahasiswa Program Studi Kedokteran Universitas Jambi tahun 2017. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengukur tingkat kebugaran jasmani adalah Harvard Step test untuk mengetahui tingkat VO2max yang kemudian dikonversikan kedalam bentuk tingkat kebugaran jasmani menggunakan tingkat kebugaran jasmani Astrand. Berdasarkan uji chi-square untuk hubungan indeks massa tubuh dengan tingkat kebugaran jasmani didapatkan nilai p-value 0,007. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara indeks massa tubuh dengan tingkat kebugaran jasmani pada mahasiswa Program Studi kedokteran Universitas jambi tahun 2017.
Kata Kunci : Mahasiswa, Indeks Massa Tubuh, Tingkat Kebugaran Jasman
Diagnosis Molekuler Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Penyebab Kanker Serviks
Get PDFABSTRACT Cervical cancer is still the one of major public health problem in the world whether an effective screening programs using the Papanicolaou test to detect precancerous lesions has reduced the number of cases of cervical cancer in the developed countries but not in developing countries. The sensitivity and specificity of the Pap smear depends on observer’s skills to recognize and classify variations of abnormal cells. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) caused cervical cancer has been proved, In some study have found HPV DNA in 99.7 % of all cervical carcinomas. HPV has been found to be more than 100 genotypes , which are divided into high-risk HPV and low-risk HPV The development of early diagnosis for the detection of HPV infection still has been a problem, where the cytology and colposcopy to identify lesions at an advanced stage, therefore the molecular engineering approach seems to be more successful in early diagnosing cervical cancer. This technique of molecular HPV DNA sequences are Southern Blot Hybridization, Hybrid Capture II Assay, Polymerase Chain Reaction, and PCR - Reverse Line Blot. The Accuracy of molecular diagnostic techniques is required to provide further information for patient how the management and maintenance of cervical cancer.  Keywords: Cervical cancer, HPV, screening, molecular technique
Efek Protektif Madu Hutan Terhadap Kerusakan Hepar Tikus Putih (Rattus novergicus) yang Diinduksi Etanol
Get PDFABSTRACT Background: Illegal alcohol is one of the big problems in Indonesia. The victims by drinking these kind of alcohols were found  in every place on this country every month. Alcohol gives the most harmful effect to the liver, its cells will die and become a scar. One of its effect is fatty liver. WHO recommends the using of traditional treatment for health community care, prevention of disease and disease treatment. One of the most well known traditional treatment is the using of honey. Objectives: The goal of this research is to know the protective effect of the forest honey to the white rat’s (Rattus norvegicus) damaged liver which is inducted by ethanol Methods: This experimental laboratory research used random controlled design method with the post test-only control group design pattern. The subjects of this research were 25 adult male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) Sprague Dawley strain which were divided in to five groups with 5 treatment groups. Result: The result of ANOVA test shows, there is a mean difference between those five treatment groups with p value = 0,000. Post-Hoc test shows, there is a mean difference between group 1 (normal control) with other four groups (p= 0,000), group 2 (pathologic control) and group 3 (dose I) with group 4 (dose II) and group 5 (dose III) (p=0,000). Conclusion: There is a protective effect of the forest honey to the white rat’s (Rattus norvegicus) damaged liver which is inducted by ethanol Key words: Ethanol, forest honey, fatty degenaratio
Penyakit Sistem Respirasi Akibat Kerja
Get PDFAbstrakPesatnya perkembangan industri beserta produknya memiliki dampak positif terhadap kehidupan manusia berupa makin luasnya lapangan kerja, kemudahan dalam komunikasi dan transportasi dan akhirnya juga berdampak pada peningkatan sosial ekonomi masyarakat. Disisi lain dampak negatif yang terjadi adalah timbulnya penyakit akibat pajanan bahan-bahan selama proses industri atau dari hasil produksi itu sendiri. Timbulnya penyakit akibat kerja telah mendapat perhatian dari pemerintah Indonesia, berdasarkan Surat Keputusan Presiden Nomor 22 tahun 1993 telah ditetapkan 31 macam penyakit yang timbul karena kerja. Berbagai macam penyakit yang timbul akibat kerja, organ paru dan saluran nafas merupakan organ dan sistem tubuh yang paling banyak terkena oleh pajanan bahan-bahan yang berbahaya di tempat kerja
Pengaruh Beberapa Faktor Risiko Terhadap Kejadian Surgical Site Infection (SSI) Pada Pasien Laparotomi Emergensi
Get PDFABSTRAK Surgical Site Infection (SSI) is a major complication of surgery which can increase morbidity, mortality and cost of hospitality. Incidence of SSI at a healthcare provider/facility reflected a service quality of that institution. WHO reported prevalence of SSI was around 5% to 34%. Elective or emergency laparotomy is one of major surgery in a hospital. Some factors could be influence incidence of SSI were degree of contamination (kind of surgery), ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) score, DM (Diabetes Mellitus) co morbidity, temperature of patients, number of leukosit and duration of surgery. We aimed to explore incidence of SSI and contributing factors of emergency laparotomy patients from RSUP MH Palembang. This research was observational analytic with cross-sectional design. We found incidence of SSI 56,67% consist of incisional superficial SSI 70,6%, incisional SSI 23,5% and organ SSI 5,9%. SSI occurred at third day until seventh day after surgery and mostly at fifth day (52,9%). Pathogen dominant in these cases were Escherichia coli 31,25%. Statistical analytic with confidence interval 95% revealed risks of ASA score (p 0.004, OR 2,4), patient’s temperature (p 0.008, OR 10,2), diabetes mellitus co morbidity (p 0.492, OR 1,87), kind of surgery (p 1.0 OR 1,36), number of leukosit (p 0.29, OR 4,80) and duration of surgery (p 0.123, OR 0,25). Conclusion: Incidence of SSI at  RSUP MH Palembang about two times compare to world average incidence of SSI. ASA score, temperature and diabetes mellitus co morbidity influenced SSI incidence. Key Words: Emergency laparotomy, risk factors, SS
GAMBARAN PERFORMA INSTRUKTUR SKILL LAB PROGRAM STUDI KEDOKTERAN DI FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN DAN ILMU KESEHATAN UNIVERSITAS JAMBI
Get PDFAbtract Background: Skill lab is an important place for students to learn and prepare themselves to acquire a doctor's competence. Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Skills learning is different from cognitive learning, in which students are able to learn independently. In the skills learning, they need guidance and supervision from instructor. The performance of a skill lab instructor is very influential on the achievement of skill lab learning objectives. The purpose of this study is to describe the performance of the skill lab instructor of Program Studi Kedokteran at FKIK UNJA, on teaching skill, interpersonal and communication skills category as well as the condition / clinical skill training strategy based on the perception of students using a questionnaire. Methods: This study employs quantitative descriptive research. This research was conducted in June 2015. The respondents were 215 students of Medical Study Program of FKIK UNJA 2012 and 2013. The instrument that was used in this research is a questionnaire entitled "Instrument for Evaluating Clinical Skills Teacher's lab didactical Performance". Data were analyzed using a computer program. Results: Didactil skills, interpersonal and communication skills of skill lab instructor in Program Studi Kedokteran FKIK UNJA is rated as good by students, with the percentage of good to excellent category amounted for 94.4%. Performance conditions / clinical skill training strategy is rated good by the students with the percentage of 80.5%. Conclusion: In general, the performance of skill lab instructor in Program Studi Kedokteran in FKIK UNJA is good based on the perception of students. Keywords: skill lab, clinical skills, instructor, performanc
DUKUNGAN KELUARGA TERHADAP PEMBERIAN ASI EKSKLUSIF PADA BAYI DI KOTA JAMBI
Get PDFAbstract  Exclusive breast feeding program coverage in Indonesia and Jambi is still relatively low, although Indonesian government had launched thisexclusive breast feeding program in 2010 that at least 80%baby should be covered in the program. The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between family support on exclusive breast feeding and the coverage of the program on baby in Jambi. This is descriptive correlation study used cross sectional in recruiting 70 mothers who have 0-6 months oldbaby. The sample was recruited using cluster sampling. The result shows that there is significant correlation between information, instrumental, emotional, and acknowledgement support on exclusive breast feeding and the most dominant on family support was instrumental support. It is recommended that nurses’ role in the community is needed to motivate family in giving instrumental support in exclusivebreast feeding program for baby.  Keywords: exclusive breast feeding, family support, instrumental suppor