JAMBI MEDICAL JOURNAL "Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan"
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UJI DIAGNOSTIK POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION DIBANDINGKAN DENGAN PENGECATAN GIEMSA PADA INFEKSI MALARIA
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Plasmodium is a parasite causing malaria, the most important infection disease in the world. Gold standard of malaria diagnosis was founded Plasmodium by Giemsa staining method. Fundamental difference between Giemsa and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is the ability to detect parasite. Giemsa can detect minimal 50-100 parasit/μl whereas PCR detect parasite DNA in lower parasitemia. The purpose of this study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the PCR compared to blood slide with Giemsa in detecting of malaria infection.
A diagnostic test has been conducted in Laboratorium Biomedik Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Jambi and Laboratorium Biomolekuler Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya. There were 87 subjects who fulfilled the criteria inclusion and drawn by consecutive sampling.
Blood samples were taken from venous blood. Detection of Plasmodium used Giemsa and PCR method. Detection of Plasmodium from 87 subjects, Giemsa and PCR method founded 1 subject (1.1%) P. falciparum and 4 subjects (4.6%) P. vivax. 82 subjects (94.3%) were negative. The sensitivity and specificity of PCR was 100%, positive predictive value and negative predictive value was 100%.Conclusion is higher sensitivity and spesificity PCR methode in the malaria diagnosis was proven and PCR methode able to identified Plasmodium species accuratly.
Keywords: Plasmodium, Malaria, Giemsa, PCR, Diagnostic Test
ABSTRAK
Plasmodium merupakan parasit penyebab malaria, suatu penyakit infeksi paling penting di dunia. Baku emas diagnosa malaria adalah menemukan Plasmodium melalui pemeriksaan mikroskopis dengan pengecatan Giemsa. Perbedaan mendasar antara metode Giemsa dengan metode Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) terletak pada kemampuan mendeteksi parasit. Metode Giemsa hanya mampu mendeteksi Plasmodium dengan ambang batas antara 50-100 parasit/μl sedangkan metode PCR dapat mendeteksi DNA parasit pada parasitemia yang lebih rendah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sensitivitas dan spesifisitas metode PCR dibandingkan dengan pengecatan Giemsa dalam menegakkan diagnosis infeksi malaria.
Penelitian ini merupakan uji diagnostik yang dilakukan di Laboratorium Biomedik Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Jambi dan Laboratorium Biomolekuler Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya. Penelitian dilakukan mulai bulan Januari sampai April 2017. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 87 orang yang diambil secara consecutive sampling dari laboratorium RS Theresia Jambi.
Semua subjek diambil sampel darah venanya, kemudian dilakukan pengecatan Giemsa dan pemeriksaan PCR. Hasil pemeriksaan PCR nested menggunakan primer genus dan primer spesies Plasmodium ditemukan P.falciparum positif sebanyak 1 sampel (1,1%). Sedangkan P.vivax positif sebanyak 4 sampel (4,6%). Sebanyak 82 sampel (94,3%) negatif. Hal ini sesuai dengan hasil pemeriksaan mikroskopis dengan pengecatan Giemsa. Metode PCR dibandingkan dengan metode pengecatan Giemsa sensitivitas dan spesifisitasnya 100%, nilai prediksi positif dan nilai prediksi negatifnya 100%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode PCR sangat sensitif dan spesifik dalam penegakan diagnosis malaria dan mampu mengidentifikasi spesies parasit secara akurat.
Kata Kunci: Plasmodium, Malaria, Giemsa, PCR, Uji Diagnostik
PERBANDINGAN EFEKTIFITAS CUCI TANGAN TUJUH LANGKAH DENGAN AIR DAN DENGAN SABUN CUCI TANGAN CAIR DALAM MENJAGA KEBERSIHAN TANGAN PADA MAHASISWA/I FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS JAMBI
Get PDFBackground: Hand washing is one indicator of Clean and Healthy Lifestyle. One of the scopes is in a school environment or educational institution. Hand washing with water alone is more common, it is not effective in maintaining health than hand washing with soap. Washing hands with soap causes us to allocate more time while washing hands, but the use of soap is more effective because the fat and dirt on the hands will be released when the hands are rubbed and rubbed with soap. The purpose of this research is to know the comparison of the effectiveness of hand washing seven steps with water and with handwashing soap in order to keep hand hygiene.
Methods: This study used analytical method with two groups pretest-posttest experimental design with random sampling technique. The sample in this study was cotton swap on the fingers of students with 90 students. The cotton swab is grown on a nutrient agar medium in a petri dish, and counts the number of colonies after incubation 16-18 hours at the incubator at 37 °C. Data analysis technique using statistik with p value which is considered significant is p <0,1.
Result: The effectiveness of handwashing with water and soap use is defined as the sum of germ colonies washing seven-step hands with water group and the sum of germ colonies washing seven-step hands using liquid hand soap group. The results of statistical analysis with Mann Whitney test, significance value P = 0.071. Significance value P <0.1 indicates that there is a difference between the effectiveness of handwashing with water and soap in reducing the number of bacterial colonies.
Conclusion: Hand washing seven steps with soap more effective than washing hands seven steps with water only.
Keywords: Hand washing seven steps, liquid hand washing soa
PERBEDAAN IMUNOEKSPRESI CD10 DAN MMP9 ANTARA HIPERPLASIA ENDOMETRIUM TIPE ATIPIK DAN KARSINOMA ENDOMETRIOID YANG BERDIFERENSIASI BAIK
Get PDFBackground: Endometrial hyperplasia is one of the malignancy triggers for endometrium. Based on histopathologic features, it is divided into two types: atypical and non-atypical. Endometrial carcinoma is one of the gynecological malignancies, ranked 5th the world for its malignancy. Endometrial carcinoma is divided into two types, type I (endometrioid), and type II (non endometrioid). In histopathology, particularly in the sample of tissue curettage process, It is difficult to distinguish between endometrial hyperplasia atypical and well-differentiated endometrioid carcinoma. CD10 plays a role for homeostasis in extracellular matrix (ECM). If there is regulation disruption, it can lead to carcinogenesis. Whilst, MMP9 plays its role in the occurrence of invasion and metastasis. The aim of this study is to investigate the immunoexpression differences of CD10 and MMP9 in atypical endometrial hyperplasia and well-differentiated endometrioid carcinoma. So, this study can be used to determine a more accurate diagnosis especially on the tissue curettage sample.
Methods: This study is an observational study by using cross sectional design. Total sample was 52 cases from hysterectomy which are consist of 26 cases atypical endometrial hyperplasia and 26 cases well-differentiated endometrioid carcinoma. Those samples and cases were obtained from the Department of Anatomical Pathology in three hospitals in Bandung: Hasan Sadikin, Advent and Santosa. Therefore, the whole samples were marked by immunohistochemical CD10 and MMP9.
Results: The results of this study found a statistically, significant differences between immunoexpression of CD10 and MMP9 with atypic endometrial hyperplasia and well-differentiated endometrioid carcinomas. The p values for CD10 and MMP9 are 0.003 and 0.008, respectively. Atypical endometrial hyperplasia and well-differentiated endometrioid carcinomas are significantly influenced by CD10 and MMP9, CD10 immunoexpression is the most influential variable.
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that Immunoxpression of CD10 and MMP9 can be used as an immunohistochemical marker to differentiate atypical endometrial hyperplasia from well-differentiated endometrioid carcinoma, particularly on tissue curettage sample.
Keywords: CD10, MMP9, endometrial hyperplasia atypic type, well-differentiated endometrioid carcinoma
EFEK PEMBERIAN TUNGGAL PINANG MUDA DOSIS TINGGI PADA HEPAR TIKUS
Get PDFIntroduction : Raw betel nuts juice is a traditional herbal supplement in Jambi that is consumed for stamina booster. According to previous study, raw betel nut has median lethal dose >15.000 mg/kg weight. Hepatotoxicity is often caused by herbal supplement in high dose. Purpose : This study is to determine the effect of single high dose of raw betel nut on rat’s liver.
Methods : this experimental study used rats strain sprague dawle, health and active, age 2-3 month, weight 150-200 gram. There are 6 rats in each groups. Experimental group receveid raw betel nut juice single dose 20.000gram/kg weights and control group received aquadest. Observation of mortality rate during 7 days. Termination of rats were done on 8th days. Histopathology used Hematoxilin Eosin stain.
Results : One rats (16,6%) was found died on 24 hours after treatment with raw betel nut Histopatholgy examination showed portal inflamation, hepatocellular cholestasis, and steatosis in group of raw betel nut.
Conclusions : raw betel nut in single high dose could cause liver damages.
Keywords : betel nuts, histopatholohy, live
POWER POINT: ISTRUCTIONAL DESIGN AND THE ROLE IN TEACHING AND LEARNING
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Instructional design is undoubtfully an important part of a teaching learning process. An integration between the teacher and the tools maximize the learning impact of the process. Several characteristics of a good instructional design are considered essential in achieving desired goals. In order to construct such instrument certain steps such as Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate should be followed. Internal process of learning should also be considered so that the information effectively reached the desired outcome. In First Aid block , a PowerPoint Presentation was chosen because of its versatility to accommodate various type of modality in instructional design.
Keyword: Instructional design, powepoint, lecture, , teaching learning
ABSTRAK
Media pembelajaran tidak dapat dipungkiri memainkan peranan penting dalam proses belajar. Integrasi antara dosen dan materi akan memaksimalkan efek pembelajaran. Beberapa karakteristik dari media pembelajaran yang baik dianggap sangat penting untuk mencapai tujuan yang diinginkan. Dalam rangka mengembangkan media tersebut, langkah-langkah Analisis, Desain, Develop, Implementasi dan Evaluasi haruslah diikuti. Proses pembelajaran internal juga harus dipertimbangkan agar informasi dapat secara efektif mencapai hasil yang diinginkan. Dalam Blok Pertolongan Pertama, presentasi dengan PowerPoint dipilih karena kefleksibelannya dalam mengakomodasi berbagai modalitas media pembelajaran.
Kata Kunci: Media pembelajaran, powerpoint, kuliah, proses belaja
HUBUNGAN KOMPOSISI SARAPAN DENGAN KADAR GULA DARAH DAN FUNGSI KOGNITIF PADA MAHASISWA KEDOKTERAN
Get PDFBackground: Breakfast is the first meal in the early days and is mentioned as the most important food in a day. Breakfast aims to meet nutritional needs in the morning, as part of a balanced and beneficial nutritional fulfillment in helping prevent hypoglycemia, stabilizing blood glucose levels, and preventing dehydration after fasting throughout the night. Some studies suggest that breakfast habits can affect cognitive function, including concentration, learning performance, and memory.
Method: The research method is cross sectional analytic with sampling is done by consecutive sampling method, each subject that meets the research criteria is included as research subject until the required amount is met. Interviews, anthropometric examination, blood glucose examination and cognitive function assessment were performed on the respondents.
Result: Nutritional status based on body mass index (BMI) of study subjects was 22.07 ± 4.11, 60% of subjects included in normal nutritional status category. While the breakfast energy intake in this study obtained 361.57 ± 10.8 kcal which sufficient 15-20% of total calorie intake. In this study there was no relationship between breakfast composition with blood glucose level (p> 0,05) and cognitive function (p> 0,05)
Conclusion: In this study there was no significant relationship between breakfast composition with glucose level and cognitive function in medical students.
 
KORELASI KLINIKO-SITOPATOLOGI PADA APUSAN SERVIKS DENGAN GAMBARAN EPITHELIAL CELL ABNORMALITIES
Get PDFCervical cancer is one of the most cancer experienced by women in the world. Periodic examination of cervical smears can reduce cancer mortality by 40%, especially in women aged over 50 years. In populations with extensive screening coverage, the incidence of cervical cancer drops to 70-90%, while in non-screening populations, the incidence of cervical cancer continues to be in preliminary conditions as when screening has not yet been implemented in developed countries. This study aims to assess the correlation between clinical features and cytopathology of cervical smears that have epithelial cell abnormalities in accordance with the Bethesda classification. This research is an analytical research with cross sectional technique to know the correlation of clinical characteristic with cytopathology picture on cervical smear. The study was conducted in May-October 2017 at Anatomical Pathology Laboratory of Medical and Health Sciences, and examination of cervical smear in pubic health centre of Tembesi. Cytopathologic variables were epithelial cell abnormality according to Bethesda criteria of NILM, ASCUS, LSIL, HSIL, squamous cell carcinoma and glandular cell abnormalities. There were 80 people who met the inclusion criteria. In this study, the most age group was found in 30-45 years as many as 48 or 60.0%, multiparity as much as 67 or 83.8%, the most widely used type of contraception is IUD as much as 33 or 41.3%. Of all the variables only significant correlation of clinical characteristic was found on contraceptive pill using pill / ASCUS (100%) and SIL (100%), and implant with HSIL (100%).
Keywords : Clinico-cytopathology, Cervical, Epithelial Cell Abnormalit
PENGARUH DIET KETOGENIK TERHADAP EKSPRESI Ki-67, CASPASE-3, DAN MDA PADA JARINGAN HATI
Get PDFObesity is a problem of global epidemics and arise a health threat to people. The prevalence of obesity in the United States in 2016 was around 39.8% in adults aged 40-59 years and 18.5% in young adults aged 20-39 years. One of the dietary patterns used to overcome obesity is the ketogenic diet. The main metabolic reaction due to the ketogenic diet occurs in the liver which make lesion.
The ketogenic diet is a high-fat diet, quite protein, low in carbohydrates (usually less than 50 g / day). The effect of the ketogenic diet on the liver is help maintain TCA cycle homeostasis, prevents the accumulation of intermediate fatty acids that are not oxidized, maintains the redox balance of the liver, and supplies energy to extrahepatic organs in the glucose deficiency stage.
The ketogenic diet can reduce cell proliferation which is characterized by a decrease in the percentage of cells in ki-67 positive staining and increase cell apoptosis which is characterized by an increase in caspase-3 positive staining and reduce oxidative stress as assessed by MDA reduction.
Key Words : Obesity, Ketogenic Diet, Ki-67, Liver, Caspase-3, MD
PENGETAHUAN IBU TENTANG KELENGKAPAN IMUNISASI DASAR PADA BAYI
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Background: Based on a preliminary survey conducted by researchers at Public Health Center Paal Merah II Jambi City conducted an interview with 3 out of 10 mothers saying that the baby was not immunized DPT II on the grounds for fear of side effects experienced by children after getting immunization is fever. Mother also said that the previous child also not immunized and still healthy until today. As many as 4 out of 10 mothers say that sometimes forget the immunization schedule is caused by being busy with work until night so do not immunize the child for fear of hassle if the night child awake due to fever, and as many as 3 out of 10 mother say that parents (grandmother of baby) do not allow to be immunized on the grounds that immunization can only cause the baby to become ill.
Methods: This research is a descriptive research . The population is all mothers who have babies at Public Health Center Paal Merah II Jambi City 2015, amounting to 481 people. The number of samples amounted to 88 people to prevent the occurrence of drop out at the time of the study then the sample plus 10% so that the whole sample as much as 97 respondents. The study was conducted at Public Health Center Paal Merah II Jambi City in November 2017 and the data were analyzed univariatally..
Results: The result of univariate analysis showed that 22.7% of respondents had low knowledge, 46.4% had medium knowledge, and (30.9%) had high knowledge.
Suggestion: Low knowledge of mother's knowledge about frequency and time of giving basic immunization in baby because mother rarely read and understand result of recording of growth of baby at its contents of KIA book. Suggestion from this research is expected to apply strategy and program of comprehensive basic immunization education activity to baby by considering mother's criteria and knowledge about basic immunization completeness in baby
Keyword: Knowledge, Completeness, of Baby, Basic Immunization
ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang : Berdasarkan survei awal yang dilakukan oleh peneliti di Puskesmas Paal Merah II Kota Jambi dengan melakukan wawancara 3 dari 10 ibu mengatakan bahwa bayinya tidak dilakukan imunisasi DPT II dengan alasan karena takut akan efek samping yang dialami anak setelah mendapatkan imunisasi yaitu demam. Ibu juga mengatakan bahwa anak sebelumnya juga tidak diimunisasi dan masih sehat hingga saat ini. Sebanyak 4 dari 10 ibu mengatakan bahwa kadang-kadang lupa jadwal imunisasi disebabkan oleh karena sibuk dengan pekerjaan hingga malam sehingga tidak mengimunisasikan anak karena takut repot jika malam anak terjaga karena demam, dan sebanyak 3 dari 10 ibu mengatakan bahwa orang tua (nenek dari bayi) tidak mengijinkan untuk diimunisasi dengan alasan bahwa imunisasi hanya dapat meyebabkan bayi menjadi sakit.
Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif . Populasi adalah seluruh ibu yang memiliki bayi di Puskesmas Paal Merah II Kota Jambi tahun 2015 yang berjumlah 481 orang. Jumlah sampel berjumlah 88 orang untuk mencegah terjadinya drop out pada saat penelitian maka sampel ditambah 10% sehingga sampel seluruhnya sebanyak 97 responden. Penelitian dilakukan di Puskesmas Paal Merah II Kota Jambi pada bulan November 2017 dan data dianalisis secara univariat.
Hasil : Hasil analisis univariat diperoleh gambaran sebanyak (22,7%) responden memiliki pengetahuan rendah, (46,4%) responden memiliki pengetahuan sedang, dan (30,9%) responden memiliki pengetahuan tinggi.
Kesimpulan : Pengetahuan yang masih rendah yaitu pengetahuan ibu tentang frekuensi dan waktu pemberian imunisasi dasar pada bayi dikarenakan ibu jarang membaca dan memahami hasil pencatatan tumbuh kembang bayinya pada isi buku KIA. Saran dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menerapkan strategi dan program kegiatan penyuluhan pemberian imunisasi dasar secara lengkap pada bayi dengan mempertimbangkan kriteria dan pengetahuan ibu tentang kelengkapan imunisasi dasar pada bayi.
Kata Kunci : Pengetahuan, Kelengkapan, Imunisasi Dasar, Bay
PROFIL HISTOPATOLOGI MASTITIS KRONIS PADA SEDIAAN FORMALIN FIXED PARAFFIN EMBEDDED (FFPE) DI KABUPATEN SAROLANGUN PROVINSI JAMBI
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Mastitis adalah kondisi peradangan payudara, yang mungkin atau mungkin tidak disertai dengan infeksi. Masititis kronis merupakan peradangan pada payudara yang terjadi kronis ditandai secara histopatologis adanya serbukan sel-sel radang kronis pada parenkim payudara. Di wilayah provinsi Jambi, kabupaten Sarolangun merupakan daerah endemis adanya kejadian infeksi spesifik, data yaang akurat didapatkan untuk kejadian tuberkulosis pada paru-paru, belum ada data yang signifikan untuk kejadian infeksi spesifik payudara pada saat ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui insidensi mastitis kronis dan profil klinis serta histopatologis mastitis kronis di Kabupaten Sarolangun Provinsi Jambi. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimental murni menggunakan sample klinis dari pasien mastitis kronis. Sampel dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok mastistis spesifik, granulomatosa dan mastitis non-spesifik. Kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan histopatologis untuk duktuli, jenis sel radang, sel-sel epiteloid dan sel data langhanas.
Kata kunci : Histopatologi, mastitis kronis, Formalin Fixed Parafin Embedded (FFPE