International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology
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2006 research outputs found
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Molecular Encapsulation of Frankincense Oil (Boswellia serrata) in β-Cyclodextrin as a Preliminary of the Stability Study
Get PDFMolecular encapsulation is the focus of current research because it is proven to be able to maintain and even to improve the physicochemical properties of their guest molecules. A trapping agent plays an essential role in the success of encapsulation. β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) could be one of the good trapping agents because it has a hydrophobic cavity and a hydrophilic outer surface. β-CD can interact with hydrophobic bioactive compounds as the guest molecules by trapping these compounds into the cavity of β-CD. Frankincense oil (FO) is one of the essential oils. It has been researched and utilized in various fields, but the physicochemical properties of FO make it less stable. This study explains the encapsulation of FO in β-CD. By using the coprecipitation method, this study gives pure crystal, and the efficiency of encapsulation is 78%. The diffraction pattern shown in the ICs identified the pattern of diffraction in crystals with a sharp peak of diffraction, and most of these peaks showed patterns of diffraction in β-CD. The absorption intensity of the pure CD was only 2.5, but after inserting the FO in its cavity, the intensity changed to 2.7 – 2.9. It shows that there is an interaction between the non-covalent part of β-CD and bioactive molecules, which are also known as hosts - guests inclusion complexes (ICs). The results confirmed as well that the ICs formed is more stable as the increase in the boiling point of the ICs in the range of 280-295oC
Purification of Sugarcane Juice (Saccharum officinarum L.) Using Chitosan Membrane with Dead-End Flow System
Get PDFThe purification process of sugarcane juice in a sugar factory mostly uses sulphitation process, separating clear juice from dirty juice using a sedimentation system. Impurities on the processing of sugarcane juice will further cause difficulties, the formation of color, an increase in viscosity, and reducing sugar recovery. Membrane purification technology is offered to overcome these problems. This study aims to determine the effect of chitosan and acetic acid on the performance of chitosan membranes in the clearance of sugarcane juice and to find the best concentration of chitosan and acetic acid for the purification process of sugarcane juice. The filtration process was performed by using the chitosan membrane to process a clear sugarcane juice sample from the pretreatment result, which is assumed as clear juice product from sulphitation process in sugar factory. The results showed that (1) the result of pretreatment had the value from TSS (Total Soluble Solids) of 15.4%; turbidity of 82.33 NTU; and the ICUMSA (International Commission for Uniform Methods of Sugar Analysis) colour of 14970.02 IU. (2) After filtration using membrane, better quality of pretreatment clear sugarcane juice is obtained, characterized by increasing chitosan concentration at each acetic acid level, rejection value of TSS, turbidity, and ICUMSA colour. (3) The best treatment result based on Zeleny multiple attribute method is found in chitosan membrane with concentration of 4%, acetic acid concentration of 1.5% to inject TSS until reaching 12.64%, ICUMSA until reaching 9.89%, and rejection of turbidity until reaching 63.61%. Higher chitosan concentration caused small pore size of the membrane
Automatic Detection of Fetal Head and Fetal Measurement on Birth Time Estimation
Get PDFFetal biometry in ultrasound (USG) is a routine activity that can be used to determine the gestational age of a baby. Accuracy is needed when measurements are made. However, the low quality of ultrasound images and manual measurement that takes a long time and give rise to many different variations of values from each doctor or sonographer. Thus the measurement results obtained are less accurate. From these problems, the development of automatic detection and measurement of the fetal head is needed. One of them is by using a learning-based system method that will carry out the training process using Haar training to get features. The training process with the Haar method uses positive image data as objects and negative images as background. Haar training data that have been obtained, then used to detect fetal head objects automatically. Detection results are then processed to separate the object from the background image, which is then carried out the segmentation process to obtain the fetal head and fetal femur. Then the segmentation method used is Integral Projection to get the fetal head circumference and Find Contour to get the fetal femur. The parameters used to determine gestational ages are biparietal diameter and femur length. Based on experiments that have been done, obtained an accuracy rate of 97.77% using the proposed method for estimating gestational age automatically. Measurements are obtained by comparing the results of the doctor's diagnosis using manual measurements on an ultrasound machine
GNSS Accuracy Analysis for Efficiency of Ground Control Point (GCP) Measurement
Get PDFNowadays, the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has a significant role in the field of surveying and mapping, especially in determining the coordinates of ground control points for rectifying aerial photography, satellite imagery and airborne lidar. Each of these rectification processes requires a different coordinate accuracy from 5 to 20 cm. This research will conduct GNSS measurement with radial method and observation length to see how far the required accuracy will be fulfilled. This research examined ten Ground Control Points (GCPs) using the GNSS receiver in Surabaya. Each GCP was observed for 2 hours with 15†epoch and then they were processed with an interval of 15 minutes such as 15’, 30’, 45’, 60’, 75’, 90’, 105’ and 120’ with the radial method. In general, the results showed that the longer the GNSS observation the more accurate coordinates from 0.923 m (15 minutes) to 0.011 m (120 minutes) will be achieved. Measurement of GCPs for aerial photogrammetry, High-Resolution Satellite Image (HRSI), and airborne LIDAR needs 15’ observation both of radial and network method for less than or equal 10 km of baseline. For 10 – 20 km, the radial method needs 90’ observation for photogrammetry, 75’ observation for HRSI, 45’ GCPs observation of airborne LIDAR, but for network methods need 45’ observation for photo and HRSI and 30’ observation for Airborne LIDAR.Â
Greenhouse Monitoring and Automation Using Arduino: a Review on Precision Farming and Internet of Things (IoT)
Get PDFThe 21st century became the beginning of the development of information technology, where one of the revolutions was the presence of the Internet of Things. Internet of Things or abbreviated as IoT is a technology that combines electronic devices, sensors, and the internet to manage data and applications. The Internet of Things can be adopted in agriculture for crop management as a media for monitoring and controlling, especially in greenhouses and is called Precision Farming. The application of precision farming will be more effective in a greenhouse because it is easier to engineer similar environmental conditions. IoT development in greenhouses is using Arduino Microcontroller or Raspberry Pi Microcomputer. These devices are used because the price is low and easy to get on the market and can be designed so that technicians who have limited information technology knowledge can run it. To be able to manage greenhouses with IoT requires sensors as five senses that can detect changes that occur in the greenhouse. By using sensors, the hardware can detect what is happening in the greenhouse and make decisions based on the data acquired. Some sensors that are often used in Precision Farming are temperature and humidity sensors, soil moisture sensors, and light sensors. In the Internet of Things, the data that has been acquired by the hardware will then be transmitted wirelessly. The wireless connections used are Bluetooth, ZigBee Protocol, and Wi-Fi, where Bluetooth and Zigbee connections have a short distance between 10 - 100 meters, while Wi-Fi has a longer distance especially when connected to the Internet. The purpose of this paper is to understand the advantages and challenges of adopting IoT-based Precision Farming for monitoring and automation
Performance Evaluation of Portable Hot Water Jet for Frozen Meat Industry Application
Get PDFHigh temperature-induced water jet has important cleaning factors for effective cleaning at food industries because it can provide mechanical, heat, and chemical effects during cleaning. It can also reduce cleaning time, labor load, and utility consumptions, hence reducing the operating costs and enhance sustainability. However, it has not been used widely in small and medium food industries due to a lack of cleaning awareness and small budget allocation for cleaning and disinfection. In this article, we evaluated the performance of a portable water jet in the laboratory before it was introduced to the frozen meat industry. Removal of invisible fat-based fouling deposits which remained on the surfaces of the meat processing equipment is quite a challenge. In this work, stainless steel surfaces were fouled with the fat-based fouling deposit. The fouled stainless-steel surfaces were used for the cleanability tests. The tests were conducted at different parameters which were cleaning parameters (temperature (35 °C and 65 °C) and cleaning detergent presence), cleaning operations (nozzle distances (5 cm and 30 cm)) and surface geometries (vertical and horizontal) which representing the different equipment’s geometry. Physical cleanliness (visual and touch) and protein residue swab test was used as the cleaning indicators. The target cleanliness was achieved at a high cleaning temperature of 65°C and with the presence of cleaning detergent. Results from these tests will be used as a guide to design an optimal cleaning program for SMEs frozen meat patty factory
Authentication System and Method for Improving Security Login without Typing Password
Get PDFAuthentication in the login process is an important thing that needs attention. The login process will involve a password that is owned by the user, while the password is private and confidential. If someone uses a weak password, the password is likely to be easily hacked. Authentication security needs to be improved, and hackers will get access to the login system with only a few attack techniques such as SQL Injection or sniffing techniques. Besides, the lack of awareness of users by creating weak passwords is easy to guess. Meanwhile, to create a strong password, consisting of upper- and lower-case letters, a combination of numbers and symbols, it is very difficult to remember. This is a very important problem in the login process. This study discusses the login authentication process that can perform login integration without typing a password, because passwords are generated repeatedly with the One Time Password (OTP) method, and use the Quick Response Code (QR) as its support. To disguise the data in the QR Code, which is applied by the Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) encryption algorithm, and will be tested on a web-based application. The login integration process, using the QR Code token application that runs on an android phone. Which functions as an OTP token generator, and a web-based application will read information from the QR Code token. The result is that with login authentication, this can increase the security and ease of the authentication process without typing a password
Digital Competences Relationship between Gender and Generation of University Professors
Get PDFDigital competences can be defined as the set of techno-pedagogical and communicational skills that allow teachers to function effectively within the educational contexts that new technologies generate. This research work was aimed to establish the relationship between the level of university professors’ digital competences concerning their gender and generation. The study was based on a sample of 613 professionals with an undergraduate degree, who came from different areas of Ecuador; they were the attendees to the "Training Program for Leveling Tutors using Virtual Modality" at Técnica del Norte University (Ibarra -Ecuador). This research applied a quantitative and explanatory approach where the non-parametric statistical test of Chi-square was used to corroborate the validity of the data; it was obtained from a survey applied to the participants in this training course. The results show that the level of digital competences is gender independent but generation dependent. Generation Z is the one with the best digital capabilities, with an average of 61.14%. Regarding the gender, a dependence is observed only with two out of five groups of competencies analyzed in this study; the cloud storage and the interaction of social network. The research line of digital competences is extensive, the results should not be generalized or extrapolated without considering the characteristics of the educators and the context, it is suggested to assess the teaching staff digital competencies, considering other types of demographic variables, so that higher education institutions can carry out a comprehensive training planning in digital skills
The Effect of Urea Levels on In-vitro Digestibility and Rumen Fermentation Characteristic of Ammoniated Oil Palm Trunk
Get PDFThe purpose of this research to evaluate the effect of urea levels for ammoniated of oil palm trunk on in vitro digestibility and rumen fermentation characteristics. The treatment was A0 = Oil palm trunk without treated (control), A1: ammoniated oil palm trunk using 2% urea; A2: ammoniated oil palm trunk using 4% urea; A3: ammoniated oil palm trunk using 6% urea; A4: ammoniated oil palm trunk using 8% urea; A5: ammoniated oil palm trunk using 10% urea. The variables measured were in vitro digestibility such as dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and fiber fractions (NDF, ADF, cellulose and hemicellulose), concentration of NH3 and total of volatile fatty acid (VFA) and pH value. Data was analyzed using SAS program with analysis of variance test (ANOVA) and Duncan's multiple range test (DMRT). The results obtained showed that the using of urea with various levels of oil palm trunk ammoniation was significant (P<0.01) increased in vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDM), organic matter (IVOM), crude protein (IVCP) and fiber fraction digestibility, pH value, NH3 and total of VFA concentration compared to control (A0). It can be concluded that the using of level 6% urea gave the best result for ammoniation of oil palm trunk such as IVDM: 45.91%, IVOM: 46.33%, IVCP: 61.51% and in vitro digestibility of NDF: 43.34%, ADF: 38.20%, cellulose: 44.28%, hemicellulose: 63.25% whereas pH: 7.02, NH3: 9.02 mg/100 ml and total VFA: 99.57 mM respectively
SAFA and GeoGebra Allies to Evaluate Natural and Cultural Sustainability: Yasuni Biosphere Reserve
Get PDFThe Yasuni Biosphere Reserve (YBR) occupies a unique biogeographic position in the world, where the richness of the four taxa (amphibians, birds, mammals and vascular plants) reaches maximum diversity. However, threats to species conservation are latent: the opening of roads, illegal logging, the advance of the agricultural frontier, oil extraction and the trade of wild meat in the western sector of the reserve. This paper aims to evaluate the sustainability of natural resources in multicultural communities: 1) Waorani Indigenous and 2) Migrant settlers, settled in the Diversity and Life Strip (DLS) in the YBR. Three households were defined per community, selected from the snowball sampling method. Thus, three methodological processes were applied: 1) Sustainability of natural resources using the SAFA program (version 2.4.1), it has four dimensions Good Governance (GG), Environmental Integrity (EI), Economic Resilience (ER) and Social Welfare (SW); 2) Direct observation; and 3) Lacing algorithm with the GeoGebra program used for the calculation of areas of simple polygons. The results showed that the dimension of least sustainability was ER in indigenous households and in-migrant settler households it was ER and SW. The largest sustainability area of 25,12 u2 in the migrant settler household1, while in Waorani indigenous the worst sustainability area had a value of 18,69 u2. The programs allow to promote a better understanding of the dynamics of the sustainability of natural resources. The issues identified as limited in the communities are a priority to improve sustainability.Â