International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology
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The Correlation Between Spatial Configuration and User Satisfaction: A Case Study of an Activity-based vs a Conventional Office
Get PDFVery few studies have discussed the quantitative correlation between office space configuration and user satisfaction. This research aims to provide more concrete results comparing the spatial configuration of Activity Based Office (ABO) and Conventional Offices (CO) to its users' satisfaction. Data collection is taken with sixty respondents who are ABO and CO. User satisfaction will be measured by the comfort aspect. Satisfaction assessment includes the comfort of social interaction distance and the uniformity of the workspace between colleagues, distance to office facilities, distance to the resting place, and distance to the office's informal socialize area. Metric measurements on physical distances and workspace areas between colleagues are compared to the user's subjective comfort. Objective data measurement using the calculation of metric line, and the workspace area differences, while subjective data collection of users using questionnaires. The statistical analysis that will be used is the cross-tabulation method. Cross tabulation will give an overview of the comparison between comfort level to the objective distance and workspace area differences. The study results show that the physical distance comfort of an activity point will vary according to the needs of its user preference. Comparison of spatial to the activity-based and conventional offices will also influence the perception of the uniformity of the user's workspace, and the behavior of users in the elections performs several activities within the office
The Rate of Formation of Main Compounds in the Pyrolysis of Cinnamon Wood
Get PDFCinnamon wood has chemical and physical properties that can be optimized for use other than firewood. Lignocellulose compounds and a high density of raw materials would produce beneficial new compounds through pyrolysis. This research aims to make liquid smoke from cinnamon using pyrolysis and identify the concentration of the chemical compounds in liquid smoke and the rate of formation of the main compounds of liquid smoke. The Pyrolysis process was done twice, and the results were observed every 30 minutes. Chemical compounds of liquid smoke were analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). The crystal structure of charcoal produced from pyrolysis was analyzed using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The results showed that the liquid smoke, tar, charcoal, and the content lost after 150-minutes of pyrolysis was 28.94; 3.6; 42.92, and 24.54 %, respectively. Chromatography yielded ten peaks corresponding to compounds present in each stage of the process after 30 mins of pyrosis up to 150 mins. GC-MS analysis showed five chemical compounds, methanol, acetic acid, furfural, phenol, and guaiacol, as always present during the pyrolysis processes. Methanol, acetic acid, and phenol reached their highest concentration at the end of pyrolysis. The rate of formation of these compounds, particularly the methanol, continuously increased during the pyrolysis process. The length of the pyrolysis was proportional to the speed of methanol formation and the total yield
Establishment of anti-HBcAg Monoclonal Antibodies for Sandwich ELISA Application by Iliac Method Utilizing Incomplete Adjuvant
Get PDFThe prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Indonesia was moderate in 2013. This makes an appropriate action has to be taken immediately. In an attempt to evaluate our candidate HBV vaccine efficacy, we generated monoclonal antibodies specific to HBcAg for sandwich ELISA application for research purposes. Monoclonal antibodies are generally developed using hybridoma technology by isolating B cells from spleen or lymph nodes followed by fusion with myeloma cells. This study generated hybridoma by modifying the iliac lymph node method and used incomplete Freund’s adjuvant to emulsify the antigen. For this purpose, an eleven-week-old BALB/c mouse was immunized with a single shot recombinant HBcAg water in oil emulsion intramuscularly at the mouse tail base. After one month, besides enlargement of the medial iliac lymph nodes, we also found that the sub-iliac lymph nodes were enlarged. In two different fusion attempts, the single B cells were then isolated from each lymph node and fused with SP2/0—Ag14 mouse myeloma cells. Hybridoma cells derived from both lymph nodes were screened by ELISA coated with HBcAg peptide. As a result, we obtained two positive wells of hybridoma polyclones from each medial iliac and sub-iliac-derived B lymphocyte. After monoclonalization, we obtained candidate anti-HBcAg monoclonal antibodies as either capture or detection antibodies. Furthermore, we successfully retrieved hybridoma clones 9.3, 9.4, and 9.5, which could produce monoclonal antibodies for sandwich ELISA application
The Validation of Smart Entrepreneur Model (SEM) for Student Using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA)
Get PDFThe entrepreneurial student program reflects the Indonesian government's growing emphasis on the necessity of developing entrepreneurship skills and mindsets among university students. However, a method for implementing this program has not been thoroughly defined. This research aims to examine the validity of the Smart Entrepreneur Model (SEM) construct using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). A research and development approach were used. It was divided into three stages. This study aims to describe the outcome of the second step, which is the statistical analysis test with EFA. It summarizes the findings of an examination of the SEM construct. The model's construction consists of nine phases: 1) Training Program Preparation, 2) Psychometric Test (pretest), 3) Determination of Mentor Selection Participants, 4) Training, 5) Project Work, 6) Project Monitoring, 7) Seminar and Report, 8) Psychometric Tests (Posttest), and 9) Project Evaluation. EFA was performed to analyze construct validity with the aid of IBM SPSS Amos 20. This construct validity test was performed on 72 randomly selected students who participated in a SEM course. They were asked to complete a questionnaire. The EFA results are valid. In fact, of the nine phases studied, there is only one with an Eigenvalue greater than one. In terms of phase development in this training model experiment, it is possible to infer that the 9 phases examined have created a unified model. As a result, the SEM entrepreneurship training approach is valid
Remote Pressure Water Valve Control System Based on PLC
Get PDFCurrently, valve operations use manual processes to safeguard water pressure and distribution to the Regional Water Company. Conventional systems are still used upon operations in opening and closing the valve. This method requires operators to rotate the valve by hand to maintain the distribution and water pressure's stability to the Regional Water Company. It would be more efficient if operators can maintain the distribution and water pressure stability without going to the location where the valve is located. A PLC and Android-based distribution valve remote control system design is planned to be produced from this research. Control commands are done via HMI display on Android to the PLC via PC and server to control the gearbox motor located on the valve. The pressure analysis shows that there are differences before the control system is installed. The pressure tends to be under 4 bar and is less stable. However, after the control system is installed, it tends to be more stable, between 4 bar and 4.5 bar. The data flow results show a difference in the flow before the control system is installed. The distributed flow tends to be below the number 180 l / s and is less stable. After installing the control system, the flow is more stable and increased from originally at an average of 144.4 l/s to 171.2 l/s, a difference of 26.8 l/s.Â
Initial Stage in Designing Household Constructed Wetlands: Selection of a Suitable Aquatic Plant
Get PDFConstructing centralized wastewater treatment plant systems to serve and control city sanitation requirements is vastly expensive in developing countries. Consequently, employing decentralized wastewater treatment systems through utilizing constructed wetlands (CWs) for individual households should be promoted. In this study, the most appropriate aquatic species planted in constructed wetlands were examined for treating greywater at the household level in humid tropical regions. Three different decorative aquatic plants (i.e., Echinodorus palaefolius, Typha latifolia, and Cyperus alternifolius) were compared based on their performances. Also, three similar wetlands having a total working volume of 158.42 liters with a gravel sand filter were used in this study. One day, a period was allocated for the hydraulic retention time (HRT), which corresponds to the applied hydraulic loading rate of 115.5- and 150.5-mm d-1 for the first and second experiments, respectively. The high percentage removal of 5-day biological oxygen demand (BOD5), along with an aesthetic green view and minimum maintenance of decorative plants, was employed as the selection criteria. In- situ measurements were also undertaken for pH, temperature, and total dissolved solids. The findings indicate that the most significant BOD5 removal was with the Cyperus alternifolius plants, which showed a very high BOD5 removal rate (91.18%). The Cyperus alternifolus species were more resistant in full direct sunlight conditions and adaptable to grow in temporarily or fully submerged conditions. These results, therefore, suggest that Cyperus alternifolius is the most suitable plant species for the treatment of greywater in household CWs in the tropics
Acceptance Ratio Analysis: An Early Fault Indicator for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System
Get PDFThis paper presents the Acceptance Ratio (AR) analysis for three different grid-connected photovoltaic (GCPV) systems working under the Malaysia tropical climate. AR is a ratio between actual AC power, PAC_actual, and predicted AC power, PAC_predicted. According to Malaysian Standard MS2692:2020,the AR value must ≥ 0.9 to classify as accepted in testing and commissioning test. In contrast, a rate < 0.9 indicates a non-accepted GCPV system. Historical data of the AC power output, solar irradiance, and module temperature from January 1 to December 31, 2019, were used for the analysis. The analysis procedure was carried out using Matlab and Microsoft Excel software. The analysis covers the AC power analysis and the AR analysis based on the threshold of 0.9. The plotted monthly AC power graph shows that all systems have lower than 15 % differences between actual and predicted AC power. On the AR analysis, System 1 was found to show early fault indicator with a monthly cumulative percentage of AR < 0.9 ranges from 34 % to 71 %, meanwhile System 2 and System 3 have a lower cumulative percentage of AR < 0.9 ranges from 5 % to 19 %. This result suggested that only System 2 and 3 are fault-free GCPV systems and working in good condition. The outcome of this study has succeeded in providing preliminary AR analysis results for three GCPV systems located in Malaysia. This study would help to evaluate AR threshold reliability to indicate an early fault of a GCPV system
Application of AHP and GIS for Determination of Suitable Wireless Sensor Network Zones for Oceanographic Monitoring in the South Caribbean Sea Upwelling Zone
Get PDFThe monitoring and analysis of oceanographic variables is important for several research areas in marine sciences, such as marine spatial planning and integrated coastal management, among others. But, the high costs of monitoring equipment, its installation, and maintenance, damage, destruction, theft, and loss, make it difficult to monitor the maritime territory. Equipment installed in areas with environmental risks or anthropic activities showing the lack of analysis. Therefore, this paper determined the feasibility of installing a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) for measurement of oceanographic variables in the South Caribbean Sea upwelling zone, using Hierarchy Analytic Process (AHP) and GIS tools (Geographic Information System). Marine ecosystems, boat traffic, fishing zones, and bathymetry criteria were used. The paired comparison matrix analysis shows the most important criterion is the buoy-type monitoring system (54.82%) far away from the marine ecosystems, while the bathymetric zone is the least relevant criterion (10.75%). It was possible to find that 62.36% of the study area is highly favorable to install the monitoring network and where it is advisable to do it, within which it is possible to avoid various risks and maximize the utility of the information, considering the different ecosystems and uses of the maritime territory. A restrictive variable to do replicable this work is the presence of GSM, GPRS or satellite coverage, otherwise, there would be no way to transmit data in real-time, involving transfers to collect the data, increasing the project’s costs. The method and results allow replicating this study in any coastal marine environment
Immunomodulatory Potentials of Winged Bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) Bioactive Compounds on Human Lymphocyte Proliferation
Get PDFWinged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) has been reported to consist of many bioactive compounds that can improve the human immune system. Food preparation using heat treatment applied typically can change the bioactive properties of the bean. These studies' main aims were to analyze antioxidants activity and immunomodulatory effect of young winged bean pods and mature winged beans, boiled or canned on human lymphocytes, representing the immune system. The samples were extracted using three-stage maceration methods with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water. The extracts were cultured with lymphocyte cells using various concentrations representing normal consumption. IL-2 representing cell proliferation was analyzed using ELISA. Cell marker proteins CD4+, CD8+, CD3+, CD19, and CD16/56 were analyzed using a flowcytometer. The highest antioxidants activity was on the water extract of raw mature bean (7.2175±0.4794 mg AAE/g). The boiling process increased young winged bean anti-oxidant activity (P<0.05), but decreases the anti-oxidant activity of the mature bean (P<0.05). The highest proliferation indexes were obtained from water extracts of both boiled (2.13) and canned mature bean (2.12). Water extracts of all samples increased expressions of IL-2, CD4+, CD8+, CD3+, CD19 and CD16/56 on the cell surface. Boiled young winged bean pods have the best activity in increasing CD19 marker. Canned mature bean was effective in increasing CD16/56 expression. Boiling and canning of both young and mature winged beans can increase the immune system as shown by the immune parameter analyzed
Multi-Hazard Early Warning System (MHEWS) Assessment Methodology for Schools
Get PDFSchools play an important role in any community because children spend most of their time in schools for their education. Unfortunately, schools are exposed to natural hazards such as earthquakes, typhoons, and floods like other structures. However, implementing an effective Early Warning System (EWS) can help school administrators, occupants, and communities prepare against these hazards. EWS is an essential component of a disaster risk reduction management (DRRM) plan. Its purpose is to generate and disseminate timely and meaningful information of possible extreme events to administrators and eventually to the students. However, it is difficult to ascertain the quality of a school’s EWS to address any upcoming hazards. With this, the authors designed a workshop with toolkits to guide school administrators in evaluating their organizational structure within the context of DRR. The toolkits assessed the soft and hard measures of the school, particularly its DRRM and EWS. A method was developed to measure the EWS in schools based on the toolkits. A radar scoring system was used to measure the school’s key elements: Risk Knowledge, Monitoring and Warning Services, Dissemination and Communication, Response Capabilities. Indices for each element and EWS as a whole were obtained. Modes of warning and communication were ranked. In Lipa City’s case, the results showed that the schools have an average of 74.050 EWS index, meaning the EWS is of good quality but can still be improved. This method can be applied to other schools to assess their EWS