International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology
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Transcriptome Profiling of Elaeis guineensis Jacq. Under Heat Stress Condition
Get PDFGlobal warming is predicted to have a generally negative effect on agriculture activity. High temperatures stress could affect plant growth negatively. Developing plants with improved thermal tolerance using molecular genetic approaches could mitigate these heat stress effects. Elite palms with better adaptation to heat can be selected from germplasm using molecular markers. Transcriptome profiling by RNA sequencing is a way to find molecular markers of a particular trait. The objective of the study was to obtain differential expressed genes (DEGs) related to the heat stress effect. RNA sequencing results were displayed using heat maps which were useful for visualizing the expression of genes across the high-temperature treatment and control samples. In total, where 1,087 genes were identified involved in oil palm heat stress. Sixty-four (64) of them were differentially expressed, consisted of seventeen (17) up-regulated and forty-seven (47) down-regulated. The uni-gene was summarized in Gene Ontology (GO) categories, namely: biological process, molecular function, and cellular component, subsequently divided into 53 sub-categories. The single organism process, biosynthetic process, response to stimulus, oxidation-reduction process, and response stress were the five primary sub-categories. Sixty-four genes related to heat stress were found, and eight (12.5%) of them were determined as heat shock protein (HSP) family. The highest transcription level was the uncharacterized gene, a member of the heat response sub-category, and the others up-regulated gene consisted of HSP family gene, Bcl-2-associated athanogene (BAG) family and HIPP gene, slr0575 gene, CML14 gene, and PARP gene
The Effect of Heavy Metal Lead (Pb) on the Growth of Ammonia-Degrading Bacteria and Physical Changes of Eichhornia crassipes in Groundwater Phytoremediation
Get PDFWater hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) has been extensively used for heavy metal phytoremediation and stimulating microorganism growth in the effort to break down organic pollutants by the exudate secreted by the plant. This study aims to figure out the growth of the ammonia-degrading bacteria population and figure out the physical changes occurring in water hyacinth during the Pb phytoremediation process. The phytoremediation method was performed under the batch system with the treatments: P1 with water hyacinth for groundwater with 2 ppm of Pb; P2 with water hyacinth for groundwater with 4 ppm Pb; and P0 with no water hyacinth and Pb addition. Observations include the growth of ammonia-degrading bacteria, ammonia concentration, Pb analysis, observation of physical changes, and measurement of biomass of the water hyacinth. Results show that the nitrifying bacteria population growth rate was higher in the 2 ppm Pb treatment than in the 4 ppm Pb treatment. The implication was that there occurred a higher ammonia concentration decrease in P1 by 0.43 mg/L from the initial concentration of 1.21 mg/L. As for the water hyacinth's physical changes, a lower growth rate happened to the 4 ppm Pb treatment, resulted in lower biomass of 75.46 g in the said treatment than in the 2 ppm Pb (79.00 g). The use of water hyacinth in phytoremediation also prompted the bacterial growth to break down organic waste, but high concentrations of heavy metals will influence the growth of the aquatic plant, water hyacinth
Design and Implementation of an Autonomous Vehicle to Collect Tennis Balls Using Artificial Vision
Get PDFThe objective of this work was to design and implement an autonomous vehicle (robot) to collect tennis balls using different digital image processing techniques. The robot was built from an Arduino Nano microcontroller. A radio frequency antenna NRF24L01 receives the data from the control stage and the locomotion system integrated by motors and an odometry system composed of MPU6050 gyroscope encoders; additionally, the system has an emitter module that consists of an Arduino Uno and an antenna with the same characteristics. The prototype consists of two separate subsystems, one for collecting and processing information and the other specific for the vehicle on the ground. It is equipped with a Kinect camera that captures information from a defined area for image processing through a visual control algorithm that detects the balls by color and shape segmentation, determining their location in rectangular coordinates and sending them to the robot through a data transmission system. The Ackerman configuration mobile robot equipped with the wireless communication system receives the coordinates to carry out the movements that are controlled by sensors located on the wheels, with a maximum capacity of 4 balls. The complete running of the system obtained an accuracy of 96.9% in the collection of balls; it should be noted that the tests were carried out with several distractors whose objective was to confuse the system; these tests were carried out at various times the day in a real scenario
Full Factorial Design Analysis and Characterization of Polyethylene, Starch and Aloe Vera Gel Thin Film Formulation
Get PDFThe polyethylene-thermoplastic (PE/TPS) based film was introduced many years ago, but the compatibility of PE/TPS still an issue because synthetic compatibilizer has a safety drawback. In this work, aloe vera (AV) was introduced as a compatibilizer to enhance stress and characteristics of PE/TPS film. This paper determines the optimum PE/TPS/AV film formulation using full factorial design (FFD) analysis. Melt blending and hot-press techniques were used to prepare the film. Four selected PE/TPS/AV samples were chosen to discuss mechanical properties, functional groups, thermal degradation, and thermal properties changes. Based on FFD, PE was the most significant material that caused substantial changes in the film's mechanical properties. Concurrently, the interaction between PE/TPS and TPS/AV significantly influenced the value of the secant modulus. The addition of AV into TPS improved the stress and reduced the strain. New peaks are present in TPS/AV that share the same functional group with PE. Thus, improving the stress of the film. The presence of AV caused peaks 2916 cm-1 and 2849 cm-1 of TPS to strengthen at once; the thermal degradation increases tremendously from 282 °C to 354.70 °C. The melting temperature showed a reduction when TPS/AV was added into PE, but the crystallization temperature did not significantly change. However, significant changes occurred for crystallization enthalpy when TPS/AV was incorporated in PE at once, affecting the degree of crystallinity. In conclusion, AV was suggested to act as a compatibilizer/crosslinker or plasticizer to improve PE film packaging properties
Investigation of Synbiotic Effect in Thai Night Shift Workers Identified by Epworth Sleepiness Scales
Get PDFMany sleep disorders are characterized by excessive sleepiness. As a type of circadian rhythms sleep-wake disorder, shift work sleep disorder consists of insomnia or excessive drowsiness caused by a recurrent task schedule that crosses with usual sleep hours. Night-shift workers have a disrupted circadian rhythm, indicating less overall sleep time than evening and day workers. Probiotic supplementation has been found to improve subjective sleep quality, associated with balancing gut microbiota. The objective was to investigate the sleeping habits of night shift workers after treating with a synbiotic supplement. Eleven excessive drowsiness among night-shift workers was included in this study. Epworth Sleepiness Scale assessed each participant. For 8 weeks, all participants were given a synbiotic supplement containing 7 probiotics and 3 prebiotics once a day. The Epworth Sleepiness Scales of night shift workers who participated in the pre-intervention showed that most of the night shift workers were mild excessive daytime sleepiness, while fewer night shift workers showed moderate excessive daytime sleepiness. It was found that most of the night shift workers were moved to lower normal daytime sleepiness, while the less of night shift workers showed higher normal daytime sleepiness. It showed a significant improvement of the Epworth Sleepiness Scales (p=0.003). Although these data are preliminary, they may not reflect all of the night shift workers' sleep propensities after treatment with synbiotics. It requires more research to be conducted in a wider scale
Tuba Root (Derris elliptica Benth.) Biopesticide Potential Assay to Control Brown Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) on Rice Plant (Oryza sativa L.)
Get PDFBrown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) is one of rice plants' pests that attack from the nursery to the harvest stage. Controls carried out by farmers generally use synthetic insecticides. Reducing the impact caused by synthetic insecticides, an alternative that can be used to controlling the brown planthopper is by using botanical insecticide tuba root. Tuba root plants have been widely reported to control pests and contain the active ingredient rotenone. Rotenone works as a stomach poison and selective. This study aims to examine the ability of tuba root plant parts extracts (leaves, branches, and roots) with organic solvents to control brown planthopper pests in rice plants. The study was conducted in February-April 2019 at the Plant Pest Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Riau. The study was conducted experimentally using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three treatments and six replications to obtain 18 experimental units. The tuba root plant trial test consists of 3 levels: root extract, branch extract, and leaf extract with organic solvents. The parameters observed were the time of death of brown planthopper (hour), lethal meantime (LT50) (hour), daily mortality (%), and total mortality (%). The results showed that the application of root extract caused an initial death of 2.33 hours after application, LT50 17.33 hours after application with a total mortality rate of 100%. Application of botanical insecticide tuba root is effective for controlling brown planthopper pests in rice plants because it causes the death of brown planthopper above 80%
Doc2Vec based Question and Answer Search System
Get PDFE-learning interaction acts as a positive factor, such as improving learning commitment and learning effect and reducing the dropout rate. As an important function of e-learning interaction, if a learner queries a content that is difficult to understand during learning, a question-and-answer bulletin board that responds to the question is provided by a professor. In the way that the instructor directly answers the learner's questions, real-time feedback is difficult, and the instructor's fatigue increases. The purpose of this study is to achieve the goal of reducing answering time and reducing answering costs by developing a question-and-answer search system that automatically searches for and provides answers to questions created by learners during learning. To this end, this study designed and implemented a question-and-answer search system that provides the most similar query answers to learners by analyzing questions and answers based on Doc2Vec, one of the word embedding technologies, which is a natural language processing technology.  By applying the results of this study to the question-and-answer system, it is expected that the learning effect can be enhanced by providing an immediate answer to the learner's question. In addition, organizations that pay response fees through the national budget, such as the Korea Educational Broadcasting Corporation, will be able to focus more on investments such as improving content quality through budget reduction
Physicochemical and Rheological Characterization of Melon Pulp (Cucumis melo) Cultivated in the North of BolÃvar Department, Colombia
Get PDFMelon (Cucumis melo) is a fruit of great national importance. However, it is not exploited in our region due to producers' insufficient negotiating capacity and the lack of infrastructure and technical training, which causes losses of these products, especially at harvest time. Therefore, it is necessary to study its physicochemical and rheological properties to optimize the different processing methods. The main objective of this research is the study of the physicochemical and rheological properties of fresh melon pulp (Cucumis melo) from the northern area of the BolÃvar department, Colombia, as a contribution to science and agro-industry, for which the physicochemical characterization was performed following AOAC methods, and the rheological characterization was performed by flow tests at steady state in a temperature range of 10-60°C. The pulp rheological properties evaluation were analyzed according to the temperature variation. The tests were conducted using a Modular System Rheometer Haake Mars Advanced 60. The pulp yield was 83.74% of the whole fruit; physicochemical parameters were similar to those studied previously by other authors. The melon pulp had a non-Newtonian pseudoplastic behavior (shear thinning) in all cases with reduction of temperature, the relation between the viscosity and the deformation rate adjusted the Carreau-Yasuda model (R2> 0, 97264). These results provide information on the melon pulp rheological behavior and may have potential application in the agro-industrial sector for the design of processes to manufacture products from this raw material
Estimation of the Shelf-Life of Corn Yoghurt Packaged in Polyethene Terephthalate Using the Accelerated Shelf-Life Method
Get PDFCorn yoghurt is a new product that is being developed, so it needs to determine its shelf life based on its packaging.  Packaging that can be used for yoghurt is a bottle of polyethene terephthalate. The purpose of this study was to identify the kinetics of quality decrease of corn yoghurt packed in polyethene terephthalate bottles and estimate its shelf-life. The stages of establishing shelf-life included determining the quality change rate during storage, selecting reaction order, calculating activation energy, determining critical points, and calculating shelf-life. Corn yoghurt was packed in a polyethene terephthalate bottle, then stored at 25°C, 30°C, and 35°C. The analysis was done every seven days, from day-0 to day-21. Parameters analyzed were lactic acid bacteria content, pH, total acid, total dissolved solids, protein, and viscosity. The results showed that corn yoghurt is still acceptable by more than 50% panelists in 21 days of storage at a temperature of 35°C. Lactic acid bacteria, total dissolved solids, and protein content decreased during storage, while the pH, total acid, and viscosity increased. Corn yoghurt packed in polyethene terephthalate and stored at 5oC, 10oC, 15oC, and 20oC have 41, 40, 39, and 38 days of shelf-life, respectively. The implication is that yoghurt-corn packed with polyethene terephthalate has a better shelf life than existing yoghurt to be applied further
Climatic Temperature Data Forecasting in Nineveh Governorate Using the Recurrent Neutral Network Method
Get PDFThe forecasting of maximum climatic temperature is essential by using some statistical and intelligent techniques. Iraqi maximum temperature data collected monthly in several cities due to the Nineveh government will be studied in this paper. This study aims to forecast maximum climatic temperature as univariate time series and obtain the best results with minimum forecasting error. The non-linearity of climatic datasets is the main reason for data complexity, which needs to use some nonlinear methods for obtaining satisfactory results. In this paper, the maximum climatic temperature data will be forecasted by using traditional and intelligent methods. Single and double exponential smoothing (SES and DES) models have been used as traditional linear methods to forecast climatic temperature. The forecasting results reflected that the hybrid methods outperformed the traditional methods. The proposed hybrid methods can forecast climatic temperature in more accurate results. The hybrid methods SES-RNN and DES-RNN combine the SES and DES as a linear model with RNN as a nonlinear method to be one method that can handle any data, especially the nonlinear type. Recurrent neural network (RNN) as the nonlinear intelligent method is combined with SES and DES in hybrid SES-RNN and DES-RNN methods to forecast climatic temperature data and handle the non-linearity of datasets. The results reflect that the proposed hybrid methods outperformed the traditional methods for forecasting climatic temperature data. The proposed hybrid methods can be used to forecast climatic temperature in more accurate results