International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology
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Modified EC2's Shear Strength Equation for No Coarse Aggregate RC Beams
Get PDFHigh-strength concrete is one of the various special concretes that have become increasingly popular in recent decades. High-strength concrete offers a higher strength-to-volume ratio than normal-strength concrete. However, the design provision is not explicitly served in most building codes. This study focuses on the shear strength of high-strength concrete and one of many factors that influence the shear strength, i.e., the longitudinal reinforcement ratio. The influence of the longitudinal reinforcement ratio was analyzed and compared with twelve high-strength reinforced concrete beams without coarse aggregate. Concretes with cylinder compressive strengths ranging from 58 to 110 MPa were used. The concrete mixes were made without coarse aggregate, with the maximum aggregate size of #30 sieve. The beam specimens were reinforced with various longitudinal reinforcement ratios and were tested until failure using a four-point bending test setup. The tests showed that the degree of influence of longitudinal reinforcement was in agreement with the Eurocode 2 (EC2) formula, but the formula overestimated the concrete's shear strength. Based on the results, a modification was then proposed to the existing formula to improve its accuracy for high-strength concrete. The modified formula significantly improves shear strength prediction accuracy compared to the existing EC2-2004 and the formulas by other researchers for specimens used in this research. Due to the limited number of specimens used in this research, future research could be done to verify the resulting modified equation and generalize it for a wider range of concrete strength and section shape
A Solving Route Optimization of Airplane Travel Problem Use Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm
Get PDFThe Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is very popular in combinatoric optimization. The TSP problem is finding the optimal route from several cities where the distance between cities is known, and a salesman must visit each city exactly once and return to the origin city. The goal is to find a route with a minimum total distance. This problem is known as a non-deterministic polynomial hard (NP-hard) problem, which means the computation time to find a solution increases exponentially with the size of the problem. NP-Hard problems can be solved by using heuristic methods where the solution obtained is good enough (does not guarantee the most optimal solution) in a reasonable time. One of the most recent variants of TSP problem is finding the cheapest flight routes to several cities, which is part of the Traveling Salesman Challenge 2.0 (TSC 2.0) 2018 competition . This paper reports our study of implementing an artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm for the TSC 2.0 problem. ABC algorithm is chosen based on its superiority over other algorithms in several optimization problems. The algorithm is implemented in a hyper-heuristic form. Several combinations of swap operators are used to find the best combination result. The experimental result shows that the ABC algorithm can solve the TSC 2.0 problem with a fairly good performance by producing a savings cost of 54.6% from the initial solution and 26% compared to the Genetic Algorithm
Systematic Mapping on the Creation of Learning Activities Using Virtual Reality
Get PDFVirtual Reality (VR) is a technology well equipped to enhance learning processes. The development of Learning Activities with Virtual Reality (LAVR), however, remains a complex process. This makes it a somewhat costly process, the full cost of which can be reduced by using a set of tools (framework) for implementing LAVR, involving an educational model with which to guide the developer. In this paper, we review scientific articles that focus on learning processes that use immersive technologies, seeking to identify frameworks and guidelines for the creation of LAVR. To do this, a systematic mapping of the scientific production in ScienceDirect was carried out, observing those studies from 2015 onward that involved topics including virtual reality, learning activities, Bloom taxonomy, and the state of the practice in which they are found. The results show that no studies are to be found in the literature on frameworks, guidelines, or recommendations either for the creation of LAVR or for the production of frameworks that facilitate this process using the Bloom taxonomy. However, studies can be found that guide the creation of LAVR, and these could be used as the basis for creating a framework. Based on the review, it could be concluded that VR favors learning processes at the various levels of education in a range of areas but that there is a paucity of directives able to facilitate the creation, adaptation, and incorporation of LAVR. This, therefore, constitutes a field of interest that merits further research
Analysis of Sedimentation towards the Changes of Mangrove Area Using Multitemporal Remote Sensing Technology (A Case Study in Gresik Regency, East Java, Indonesia)
Get PDFMangrove grows in coastal areas with the soil is resulted from the accumulation of mud substrate from the sedimentation process. Gresik Regency is a downstream area where the Bengawan Solo River flows, and there is the Java Sea that carries a lot of sediment material to the coast. As a result, sedimentation is forming new land increasingly that can be a place for mangroves to live. Therefore, in this study, the calculation of suspended sediment concentration and mangrove area in Gresik Regency during 2016-2019 uses Sentinel-2A satellite imagery. The purpose of these calculations is to determine the effect of sedimentation as suspended sediment on changes in the mangrove area. Mangrove area is obtained from the Maximum Likelihood supervised classification. While suspended sediment concentrations estimated from remote sensing data are obtained using four prior algorithms, they do not meet the specified accuracy requirement. This research shows that there have been changes in the mangrove area to increase and decrease during 2016-2019. The largest addition of area occurred in the period 2016-2017, which is 479.347 Ha, and the most reduction in the area occurred in the period 2018-2019, which is 534.087 Ha. The statistical test result proves that the suspended sediment as sedimentation affects the mangrove by 64.9% in the significance level of 5% or 95% confidence level
Study of the Causative Factors of El-Ghandouri Landslides and their Stabilization Methods
Get PDFTangier landslides are considered a common engineering problem throughout the construction of different roads or other engineering works in the north of Morocco. This research paper aims to identify the main causes of landslides in an area with an important tourist site to search for the most appropriate engineering solutions. Several geotechnical studies were carried out through boreholes up to 30 meters deep to determine the main causes of the landslides. These studies exhibit that the main reason for landslides is the presence of Layers of soil with weak mechanical properties, which are highly affected by rainfall. The limit equilibrium (LE) analysis method and finite element (FE) method was utilized to analyze the stabilities of the EL Ghandowri slopes before excavation, after excavation, and after stabilization treatment of the slopes for construction. The analysis results indicated that the EL Ghandowri slopes, before any excavation, were unstable in their natural state. The reinforced concrete piles' row with anchors and concrete piles cap were the stabilization methods, which give the best safety factor and horizontal deformation results. The soil-structure interaction method (SSIM) and finite element (FE) method were used to calculate the horizontal deformation of piles. The occurrence of EL Ghandouri landslides can be reduced if the main reason is addressed; thus, the problem of Tangier Province landslides, especially EL Ghandouri, should be given big attention throughout the survey and design of the engineering works, not only during the construction
Analysis of the Fly Population in the Community Around the Landfill Area through Ex Post Facto Approach
Get PDFFlies cohabit with humans, particularly in areas with poor sanitation, producing health problems. Flies serve as vectors for spreading a variety of harmful bacteria, either directly or through food. This research aims to use an ex post facto approach to determine the amount of diversity and distribution patterns of flies in Gampong Jawa, Banda Aceh City, Indonesia. Furthermore, this study can be used as a reference for the sorts of diseases distributed in the community and a factor in fly population control models for the prevention of infectious diseases in the area. The parameters chosen were the diversity index and the fly distribution pattern. Based on the results obtained, the diversity index tended to be low. The moderate diversity index was reached only in clusters 2 (1.02) and 3 (1.08) in the first-day morning, cluster 2 (1.2) in the second-day morning, cluster 3 (1.18) in the morning, and cluster 4 (1.01) in the afternoon of the third-day observation. In terms of distribution pattern parameters, the results obtained for uniform and clumped distribution patterns are the same when seen from the four clusters observed. According to the findings of this study, the fly diversity index in Gampong Jawa is still low, and the distribution pattern is homogeneous and clumped. As a result, to avoid pathogen transmission, a fly control model must be developed
Analysing Kinship in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 DNA Sequences Based on Hierarchical and K-Means Clustering Methods Using Multiple Encoding Vector
Get PDFBased on the World Health Organization data obtained in mid-April 2021, Coronavirus or Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has already infected more than 134.9 million people worldwide. The virus attacks human breathing, which can cause lung infections and even death. More than 2.9 million people worldwide have died due to coronavirus infection. Meanwhile in Indonesia, more than 1.5 million people has been infected and 42.5 thousand people died because of this coronavirus. Based on this data, it is important to carry out a kinship analysis of the coronavirus to reduce its spread. Identification of the kinship of the COVID-19 virus and its spread can be done by forming a phylogenetic tree and clustering. This study uses the Multiple Encoding Vector method in analysing the sequences and Euclidean distance to determine the distance matrix. This research will then use the Hierarchical clustering method to determine the number of initial centroids, which will be used later by the K-Means clustering method kinship in the SARS-CoV-2 DNA sequence. This study took samples of DNA sequences of SARS-CoV-2 from several infected countries. From the simulation results, the ancestors of SARS-CoV-2 came from China. The results of the analysis also show that the closest ancestors of COVID-19 to Indonesia came from India. The SARS-CoV-2 DNA sequence also consisted of nine clusters, and the sixth cluster has the most number of members
Ethnomathematics Study: Learning Geometry in the Mosque Ornaments
Get PDFIn general, many Indonesian students have difficulty learning mathematics. Mathematics is widely used and developed by humans to solve problems in everyday life. However, mathematics is rarely taught as a culturally related subject. The mosque is a cultural embodiment whose ornaments use a lot of geometric motifs. Ethnomathematics studies the relation between mathematics and culture. This research aims to explore the geometry concepts on mosque ornaments, determine how to construct mosque ornaments using geometry concepts, and create contextual geometry problems based on mosque ornaments. The research employed a qualitative approach with an ethnographic method. The research location was the Grand Mosque of Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. The researchers act as an instrument of data collection. The triangulation technique is used to generate valid data, which was carried out through observations, interviews, and literature studies. Data condensation, data display, and concluding were used to analyze the research data. This research showed that the Grand Mosque of Bandung ornaments have geometry concepts, namely points, lines, angles, triangles, squares, rhombuses, kites, trapeziums, hexagons, circles, translation, reflection, rotation, and dilation. Mosque ornaments can be constructed using geometry concepts. In addition, contextual geometry problems can be created based on mosque ornaments. These results indicate that the ornaments of the Grand Mosque of Bandung are rich in geometry concepts. Therefore, mosque ornaments can be used as alternative learning media to overcome students' mathematical difficulties, especially in geometry material
Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Coleus amboinicus Leaves by Microwave-assisted Extraction: Optimization of the Operating Condition
Get PDFTorbangun (Coleus amboinicus L) leaf is one of the herbs from Indonesia that has been reported to have many bioactive compounds for human health. These phytochemicals are predominantly incorporated into phenolics, such as flavonoids. An extraction process is needed to obtain all the valuable compounds, and conventional solvent extraction, such as heating and maceration, could be easily applied because of its simplicity. However, this method requires high energy, a longer extraction time, and a large amount of solvent. To overcome these limitations, in this study, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was utilized to extract phenolic compounds, including flavonoids from torbangun leaves. Three factors (solvent to feed ratio, microwave power, and extraction time) were evaluated to affect the three responses (extract volume, TPC, and TFC). The extraction process optimization was carried out to get a higher response. The Box-Behnken experiment design and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) determined the optimal operating condition. The result shows 30 ml/g of solvent to feed ratio, 300 W of microwave power, and 4.6 minutes of extraction time as the optimum condition. Applying those conditions, the extract is expected to reach 10.13 ml of extract volume, 9.17 mg GAE/ ml extract of total phenolic, and 3.62 mg QE/ ml extract of total flavonoid. In sum, MAE was useful for extracting phenolic compounds from torbangun leaves and could be an alternative method due to its high efficiency
Bioactive Compounds Profile of Solok Arabica Coffee Analyzed by GC-MS Method
Get PDFThe type of coffee affects the compounds in it, the environment, and the soil. One of the areas in West Sumatera where a Coffee Producer is Solok Regency. The kind of coffee that is cultivated in Solok is Arabica coffee. The height of the planting point has an influence on the taste, so Solok Arabica coffee has a different taste from the flavors of other Arabica coffees that are widely spread throughout Indonesia. This study aims to determine the compounds contained in Solok Arabica coffee, which was roasted at 200oC for 10 minutes. The compound detection in Solok Arabica coffee was carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results of GC-MS analysis detected 25 compounds in Solok Arabica coffee at 200oC for 10 minutes, and 4 of them were detected in large quantities, namely pyridine, caffeine, n-hexadecanoic acid, and butyl 9,12-octadecadienoate with amounts between 70-97 m / z. Pyridine is a benzene derivative by replacing CH groups with N atoms, which are toxic to humans because they can cause nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, and irritation when in contact with the skin. Caffeine is the main bioactive component of the purine ring system in coffee. The sensory test method used to determine the typical Arabica Coffee of “Ranah Minang†is cupping to assess the taste of the coffee. n-hexadecanoic acid is a saturated fatty acid with antioxidant, hypocholesterolemic, nematicide, anti-androgenic, hemolytic, pesticide, lubricant, 5-alpha reductase inhibitor, antipsychotic, and anti-inflammatory activity