International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology
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2006 research outputs found
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Electrochemical Sensor Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP) for Simazine Pesticide Detection
Get PDFThe use of pesticides and herbicides containing the active ingredient simazine must be carried out strictly so as not to cause adverse effects on humans and the environment. Measurement of contaminants in the form of simazine as one of the active ingredients of pesticides and herbicides is very important. An imprinted polymer molecule (MIP) has been made using methacrylic acid (MAA) as a functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethyl acrylate (EGDMA) as a cross-linker. This research resulted in a molecularly imprinted membrane for the specific recognition of simazine. The electrochemical potential used with MIP coated electrodes provides both qualitative and quantitative detection of simazine. Polymer coated molecular-based potentiometric sensors (MIP) are promising analytical tools for developing highly selective analytical sensors. Optimal conditions for the production of simazine MIP were found to be 6.02 mL of chloroform, 0.025 g of simazine, 0.9 mL of MAA, 1.57 mL of EGDMA, and 0.07 g of benzoyl peroxide (BPO) with a heating time of 150 minutes at 70oC. The results of the electrode performance test resulted in stable and unstable conditions, with a measurement range on the surface of the double-layer electrode with a coefficient distribution of 0.9897. Compared with electrochemical procedures with MIPs sensors and spectrophotometry, it produces a significant value with a 95% confidence level with Q-test results for the 0.48 ppm level with spectrometric procedures obtained Q exp = 0.25, Q crit value is 0.71
The Microencapsulation of Noni Fruit Extract (Morinda Citrifolia L.) with Maltodextrin and Its Implementation As Feed Additive on Carcass Quality and Histology of Intestinal Sentul Chicken
Get PDFNoni fruit contains photogenic compounds and active substances that function as antibacterial, antioxidant, anthelmintics, and anti-cholesterol and can increase the digestibility of feed. Active compounds with natural antioxidant activity have properties that are very unstable to heat and oxidation reactions. Microencapsulation is a technique to coat the components of bioactive compounds in extracts using a coating material. The coating material used is maltodextrin (70% extract:30% maltodextrin). Maltodextrin has high solubility and the ability to inhibit oxidation reactions. The research aims to get an optimal dose of the use of microcapsules product of noni extract (MPNE) on carcass quality and histology of intestinal Sentul chickens. The study used an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) to see the influential treatment using analysis of variance followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test consisting of 4 replications and five treatments. So, the total number of chickens that had been reared was 100, and maintenance was carried out for 12 weeks. The feed treatments, namely P0=Basal ration, P1=50 mg/kg Zinc Bacitracin, P2=125 mg/kg MPNE, P3=250 mg/kg MPNE, P4=375 mg/kg MPNE. The results showed that MPNE with a dose of 250 mg/kg is the best treatment for producing live weight carcass, reducing meat cholesterol, dan improving villi height, width, surface area, and jejunum crypt depth. It was concluded that giving noni fruit extract microcapsules a dose of 125-250 mg/kg is recommended as a feed additive to replace AGP for Sentul chickens
Rietveld Refinement Analysis of Lampung Natural Zeolite Catalyst Impregnated Fe with Diffraction Method Using MAUD Software
Get PDFThis research characterizes the space group and R-phase crystal structure using the XRD method and Rietveld refinement. Rietveld improvements using the Material Analysis Using Diffraction (MAUD) software are acceptable if the Rwp < 15% and Sig < 2%. MAUD is a diffraction/reflectivity analysis program based primarily on the Rietveld method and here uses X-ray reflectivity data on materials. The intensity of the diffraction data of the powder sample is the appropriate reflection intensity so that the atomic structure of the crystalline material can be determined based on the Le bail characterization technique. The reflectance intensity of this Fe/Zeolite is Rw = 9.51% and Sig = 1.76%. XRD analysis on Lampung activated natural Zeolite before impregnation showed a monoclinic clinoptilolite crystal phase, which gives the lattice parameters on a≠b≠c axis, axis angle α=γ=90o≠β. The Fe/zeolite in this study is a natural zeolite from Lampung, which was activated and then impregnated with Fe. The Fe/Zeolite catalyst Rietveld Refinement results showed Nepheline's closest crystal phase, which gave the lattice parameters a=b≠c, axis, angle α=β=90o; γ=120o, the shape is similar to the hexagonal crystal structure (HCP). These results can be used as an initial reference for the study of the crystallization diffraction pattern in the further development of this catalyst
The Effect of pH on Contamination Reduction and Metabolite Contents in Mass Cultures of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis Gomont)
Get PDFThe microalgae Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis Gomont) is already cultured commercially using open ponds. The obstacle to mass cultivation of Spirulina is maintaining the monoculture without any contamination that can affect biomass products and their metabolites. The tolerance of Spirulina to environmental changes, such as changes in pH conditions, can be used as a method to overcome contamination in Spirulina mass cultivation. The growth contaminant can be avoided or controlled by giving mechanical stress by modifying the pH to alkaline levels. The efficient use of cost-effective materials in mass cultivation prevents contamination and maintains Spirulina's productivity. This study investigated the optimal pH parameters of 7–11 for 10 days. Cell density and dry biomass were measured daily using a hemocytometer and filter paper Whatman. The growth rate of contaminant microorganisms was carried out every five days along ten days of cultivation using the Total Plate Count (TPC) method. Using pH 9 effectively increased the cell density significantly (9.12±1.02%) and dry biomass (17.31±4.19 g.mL−1), reducing the contaminants in Spirulina mass cultures. The metabolite content was measured, including total protein using the Kjeldahl method, total lipid using the Soxhlet method, and pigmentations (such as chlorophyll, carotene, and phycocyanin) using spectrophotometry. The pH scale 8–10 can increase protein, lipid, and pigmentations. However, the pH 11 decreased almost entirely as a result of the metabolite contents of Spirulina
Performance Analysis of New 2D Spatial OCDMA Encoding based on HG Modes in Multicore Fiber
Get PDFThis paper presents a pioneering 2D spatial Optical Code-Division Multiple Access (OCDMA) encoding system that exploits Mode Division Multiplexing (MDM) and Multicore Fiber (MCF) technologies. This innovative approach utilizes two spatial dimensions to enhance the performance and security of OCDMA systems. In the first dimension, we employ Hermite-Gaussian modes (HG00, HG01, HG11) to modulate each user's signal individually. This unique approach offers a robust means of data transmission while ensuring minimal interference among users. The second-dimension leverages MCF encoding, introducing two incoherent OCDMA codes: the Zero Cross Correlation (ZCC) code (λc=0) and the ZFD code (λc=1). These codes are thoughtfully designed and simulated, taking into account their cross-correlation properties to guarantee minimal interference and heightened data security. To assess the efficiency of this novel OCDMA encoding system, we implemented simulations with three active users using the Opti system software. At the transmitter end, each user's signal is modulated individually by their designated HG mode (HG00, HG01, HG11), resulting in separate channels. Subsequently, at the multicore fiber, each user's data is encoded with a unique code-word, and they are directed through specific core groups, ensuring data isolation and integrity. In this paper, the BER and eye pattern are examined with respect to different parameters such as data rate and distance. At a distance of 5 km and data rate of 10 Gbit/s, a BER value around 10-70 is achieved
Performance Study of Multipath Effect in 5G Millimeter-Wave Channel
Get PDF5G has been essentially a buzzword for several years, but according to the experts, from 2022 onward, there will be an inflection point between network maturity and the availability of 5G. To make 5G a reality, we must minimize all propagation losses. One of the possible factors that reduces the performance of 5G transmission is the multipath effect. In this paper, we investigate the severity of the multipath effect in the 5G millimeter-wave (mmWave) channel and mitigate the multipath effect using adaptive equalization based on the least mean square (LMS) algorithm to improve the performance of 5G wireless signal transmission. A mmWave channel simulator, NYUSIM, provides complete data for all resolvable multipaths in a specific channel configuration. An analysis of bit-error-rate (BER) based on the minimum BER (MBER) and minimum mean square error (MMSE) optimization criterion is performed to measure the improved performance of a 5G data channel simulated under line-of-sight (LOS) and non-LOS (NLOS) paths. A good overall performance of BER based on the MBER and MMSE criteria is attained using the LMS equalization method in a micro-urban area at a maximum data rate of 50 Mbps. For both LOS and NLOS conditions, the increase in data rate to 55.56 Mbps and 62.5 Mbps causes a significant decrease in BER performance. In conclusion, the primary factor affecting the BER performance is the data rate, not the frequency or transmitter-to-receiver distance
A Framework for Illegal Online Loan Risk Using WordCloud and Big Data Analytics
Get PDFInformation technology has provided many conveniences in community activities. Big data on the Internet benefits many things, especially risk information that occurs without being careful in conducting transactions and credit activities online. This study analyzes online credit risk using ten variables related to online credit risk. The data set used in this paper is sourced from the Internet by using keywords that have been determined using the Uniform Resource Locator (URL) from different websites. The research method used in this study is an experimental method by classifying word variables related to online credit risk through data collection, initial data processing with a word cloud generator, and data analysis with python programming, then evaluation and validation of results. Variables analyzed such high loan interest, small loan ceiling, personal data in the App, old approval, the collector is coming, administrative costs, not yet registered with the OJK, unofficial loan institutions, consumer data protection, and cost transparency. Data collection techniques by means of questionnaires were carried out to online loan money borrowers to explore more in-depth information. The results of the analysis that has been carried out with the python programming language using the pandas, matplotlib, and seaborn libraries produce the Small Loan Ceiling variable, which greatly influences the consumer data protection variable with a value of 0.99. An in-depth analysis of these variables found that credit with a ceiling is ineffective
Designing Hybrid CNN-SVM Model for COVID-19 Classification Based on X-ray Images Using LGBM Feature Selection
Get PDFCOVID-19 still exists at an alarming level; hence, early diagnosis is important for treating and controlling this disease due to its rapid spread. The use of X-rays in medical image analysis can play an essential role in fast and affordable diagnosis. This study used a two-level feature selection in hybrid deep convolutional features obtained from the extraction of X-ray images. The transfer learning-based approach was implemented using five convolutional neural networks (CNNs) named VGG16, VGG19, ResNet50, InceptionV3, and Xception. The combination of two or three CNNs' performance as a feature extractor was then carefully analyzed. We selected the features obtained from multiple CNNs in a particular layer with a specified percentage of features in the first level for getting relevant features from various models. Then, we combined those features and did the second level of feature selection to select the most informative features. Both levels of feature selection were carried out using the light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) algorithm. The final feature set has been used to classify COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 chest X-ray images using the support vector machines (SVM) classifier. The proposed model's performance was evaluated and analyzed on the open-access dataset. The highest accuracy was 99.80% using only 5% of the features extracted from ResNet50 and Xception. The other way of combining the ensemble of deep features and a few recent works for the classification of COVID-19 were also compared with the proposed model. As a result, our proposed model has achieved the best success rate for this dataset and may be deployed to support decision systems for radiologists
The Role of Medium Condition for Uranium Separation from Central Kyzylkum’s Low-grade Phosphorite after Sulfuric Acid Treatment
Get PDFThis article presents the results of separating radioactive elements, particularly uranium, from low-grade phosphorites of the Central Kyzylkum by low concentrated sulfuric acid solution, which is practically feasible at the Kyzylkum phosphorite combine (KPC). In world practice, uranium was extracted from phosphorite ore in the countries of the Middle East (Syria, Morocco, Algeria, Egypt) at the final stages of obtaining phosphorus fertilizers at metallurgical and chemical plants. The extraction of uranium from phosphorite ore is not practiced in Uzbekistan. The proposed method is fundamentally different from the above and is recommended to be applied at the initial stage of enrichment phosphorite ores in the enrichment plants. Studies have shown that the uranium completely passed into solution by treating phosphorite ore with weak concentrated sulfuric acid solution. Analyses of solution and sediment composition showed that the useful component, P2O5, remained in the sediment, increasing from 8.69% to 10.3%, while uranium passed into the solution with alkaline salts alkaline-earth elements. To obtain a finished product, the resulting enriched solution was added to the richer phosphorite ore. When performing the above processes, the pH of the medium was kept at the neutral level, which is of great practical importance for the implementation of this method with minimal economic costs using conventional inventory, corrosion resistance, and environmentally friendly phosphorus fertilizer
Mathematical Model of Radio Frequency Assisted Heat Pump Drying of Ganoderma Lucidum (Ganoderma Boninense)
Get PDFThis study proposed a mathematical model which was used to predict the temperature and moisture content of Ganoderma lucidum (Ganoderma boninense) during the radio frequency (RF) assisted heat pump (HP) drying process. The simultaneous heat and mass transfer equations were established based on the physical and flat plate models for drying Ganoderma lucidum and the specific assumptions for the proposed problem. The finite difference method was used to solve the proposed heat transfer and moisture transfer problem, in which, pdepe function was adjusted and complemented with Matlab software. The temperature and moisture content of the material in the drying process was predicted. The effect of the output RF power on the temperature and moisture content of the material was evaluated. The drying process's input parameters were drying air temperature of 40oC, air velocity of 1.2 m/s, and an output RF power of 1.95 kW, 0.65 and 0 kW. The results showed that when the output RF power increases, the heating rate increases, and the drying time is shortened significantly. The drying material temperature reaches the drying air temperature in 20 minutes, 30 minutes, and 220 minutes and the drying time is 465, 555, and 700 minutes, corresponding to output RF power of 1.95 kW, 0.65 and 0 kW. The predicted temperature and moisture content of the material were compared with experimental drying data, and a considerably good agreement was found