Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy)
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Perbaikan Teknik Kultur Embrio Kelapa Kopyor (Cocos nucifera L.) Asal Sumenep Jawa Timur Melalui Penambahan Bahan Aditif dan Pengujian Periode Subkultur
Get PDFThe success of culturing of "Kopyor" coconut (matured coconut with broken meat particles due to abnormal formation of endosperm) through embryo culture depends on the medium used. A revised protocol on medium embryo culture was done to increase embryo germination and plantlet production of kopyor coconut obtained from Sumenep. Embryos excised from mature nuts were cultured in solid Eeuwens basal media supplemented with 150 ml coconut water, 150 ml coconut milk, 50 mg/l thio-urea, and 100 mg/l thio-urea. Germinating embryos were transferred to solid Eeuwens basal media containing 100, 150, and 200 ml/l coconut water. Subsequent transfers of the germinating embryos to fresh media to complete seedling development were done at different periods of subculture, i.e., 1, 2, 3, and 4 months. The highest viability of kopyor embryo was shown by 150 ml/l coconut water, about 95% embryos in this medium germinated. At plantlet phase, addition of coconut water did not give a positive result to the growth of kopyor plantlets. However, coconut water could increase the complete plantlet, i.e., plantlet with shoot and good root. Growth and number of kopyor plantlets obtained were the best when the plantlets transferred into fresh medium every 2 months. Key words: Embryo culture, kopyor coconut, additive agents, period of subcultur
Pengaruh Alelopati Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) terhadap Perkecambahan Benih Jagung, Tomat dan Padi Gogo
No full text The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of extract of leaves, seed and root of physic nut on the germination of corn, tomato, and upland rice. Research was conducted by using Complete Randomized Block Design with two factors, i.e., plant organ (leaves, seed and root) and species (corn, tomato and upland rice). The results showed that extract of 36 g dried organ/200 ml water (0.18 g/ml water) affected seed germination of corn, tomato, and upland rice. Extract of leaves tended to reduce percentage of corn seed germination (55.30% vs 70.68%), and extract of root to reduce germination of tomato and upland rice, 52.70% and 68.67%, compared to control 76% and 84%, respectively. Key words: Plant organ extract, physic nut, germination
Invigorasi Benih untuk Memperbaiki Perkecambahan Kacang Panjang (Vigna unguiculata Hask. ssp. sesquipedalis) pada Cekaman Salinitas
Get PDFThe objective of this research was to study the influence of invigoration on yard-long bean seed germination under salinity stress. The research was conducted at Seed Science and Technology Laboratory, Department of Agronomy IPB from September to December 2007. Seed of two yard-long bean (Vigna unguiculata Hask. ssp. sesquipedalis) varieties, i.e. 777 and Landung Super, were used to investigate the effects of invigoration treatments, i.e. water soaking, sand priming, sawdust matriconditioning, osmoconditioning with CaCl2, NaCl, KCl and KNO3, under salinity 1.0% NaCl (w/v) stress condition. Sand priming and water soaking treatments significantly enhanced the germination percentage, speed of germination and dry matter of normal seedling under the salinity stress condition. Germination percentage of seed with sand priming was 33.33% higher than tgat of control, and germination percentage of seed with water soaking was 28.66% higher than that of control. The result suggested that sand priming and water soaking were the effective methods to improve yard-long bean seed germination under salinity stress condition. Key words: invigoration, salinity stress, sand priming, water soaking, yard-long bean see
Tanggap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Cabai (Capsicum annuum L.) terhadap Inokulasi Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula pada Tanah Ultisol
Get PDFThe aim of this research was to test the utilization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) to improve adaptation ability of chili to aluminum (Al) stress based on growth and yield response in four genotypes of chili (Capsicum annuum L.). The research was carried out at University Farm of IPB in Cikabayan from September 2006 to Maret 2007. The media was Ultisol from Gajrug (Lebak, Banten) in polybag. Four genotypes of chili, PBC 619 and Jatilaba (Al tolerant genotypes), and Cilibangi 3 and Helm (Al sensitive genotypes) were treated with and without inoculation of Gigaspora margarita, and planted further in media without Al stress (Al saturation 0.77%) and Al stress (Al saturation 60.85%). Variables observed were degree of AMF infection, root length, plant height, shoot dry weight, number of harvested fruits, fruit length, fruit weight and weight of harvested fruits. The results showed that inoculation of G. margarita effectively decreased negative influence of Al stress by increasing plant height, shoot dry weight, number of harvested fruit, fruit length, weight per fruit and weight of harvested fruits. Inoculation of G. margarita to Al sensitive genotypes was more advantageous than to tolerant genotypes. The Al sensitive genotypes were adapted to Al stress if they were inoculated with G. margarita. In Al stress condition, inoculation of G. margarita to Al sensitive genotypes increased weight of harvested fruits up to 94.49% in Cilibangi 3 and 80.37% in Helm. Key words: Adaptation, aluminum stress, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Capsicum annuum L., Ultiso
Pengaruh Jenis Mulsa terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tiga Kultivar Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) yang Ditanam di Dataran Medium
Get PDFThe objectives of the experiment were to study growth and yield of three potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars planted at medium altitude with different types of mulch. The experiment is located at experimental station of Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, Sumedang at an altitude of about 680 m. The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Completed Block Design with factorial pattern, consisting of two factors and three replications. First factor was potato cultivar (Granola, Kennebec, and Panda), and the second factor was types of mulch, consisted of three levels : without mulch, straw mulch, and silver black polyethylene mulch. The result of the experiment showed that Panda cultivar had highest dry weight (29.5 g/plant) and leaf area (2513.7 cm2), while Granola cultivar had highest number of tuber per plant (15.17 knol/plant ) and highest tuber weight per plant was 650.6 g/plant (30.3 t.ha-1). Straw and silver black polyethylene mulches increased leaf area, dry weight, number of tuber per plant and tuber weight per plant. The effect of interaction betwen potato cultivar and source of mulch was significant on plant height. Panda cultivar and silver black polyethylene mulch resulted the highest height of plant (68.2 cm). Key words: Potato cultivar, mulch, medium altitud
Respon Beberapa Genotipe Kedelai Terhadap Tingkat Cekaman Kekeringan Tanah Ultisol
No full textThis research was aimed to find out the tolerant and susceptible soybean genotypes to drought stress. Twenty two genotypes were tested on three levels of drought stress, based on soil moisture conditions: 80% of field capacity (FC ), 60% FC and 40% FC. The experiment was conducted in plastic house at the experimental field of Meteorological Station, Sampali, Medan, from February to May 2000. The results show that increasing on the severity of drought caused significantly reduced growth and yields, which indicated by the reduction on shoot dry weight, stem diameter, filled pod number, seed number/plant and seed dry weight. The level of growth and yield reductions varied 1 among genotypes. The highest variation was shown at the drought level of 60% FC. Sindoro and Lokon were selected as tolerant and susceptible genotypes, consecutively. It was concluded that the adaptation of tolerant plants strongly related to their ability to improve the root system and to reduce the transpiration surfaces. Key words: Soybean, Drought, Tolerant, Susceptibl
Pengaruh BAP dan Sukrosa terhadap Perbanyakan Jahe Empirit (Zingiber officinale Rosc var. amarun) secara In Vitro
No full textThe need to produce numerous and good quality plantlet in short time has been carried out with in vitro culture. The objective of this research was to study BAP and sucrose effect on the in vitro multiplication of small ginger. Research was done in Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Department of Agronomy. Bogor Agricultural University from November 2002 until August 2003. The treatment used BAP 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ppm and sucrose 20, 30, 40, 50 g/l. The result showed that sucrose significantly influenced shoot number in 2-5 and 8 Week After Planting (WAP) and leaf number in 2-7 WAP; root length, root number and explant fresh weight. BAP only significantly influenced leaf number in 7 WAP and root quality. With time shoot color changed from green to yellow. Higher RAP and sucrose concentration increased micro rhizome percentage. Sucrose 40 g/l or RAP 2 ppm gave numerous shoot and high explant fresh weight. Key words : Zingiber officinale Rosc var. amarun, In vitro, BAP, Sucros
Perbanyakan Ruskus (Ruscus hypophyllum L.) secara In Vitro
Get PDFThese experiments were aimed to obtain optimum medium for micropropagation of Ruscus. There were two experiments consist of in vitro shoots proliferation, shoot elongation and rooting. The experiment of shoot proliferation performed by inducing adventitious shoots from explant in the Murashige and Skoog (1962)(MS) basal medium supplemented with combination of plant growth regulators BAP (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 mg/l) and IAA (0.0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mg/l). The elongation and rooting of plantlets were induced in the different concentration of the MS basal medium (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 strength) combined with IBA (0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 mg/l). Both experiments were arranged as completely randomized design with 15 replications. Adventitious shoots were produced in all medium supplemented with BAP with or without IAA. However MS medium supplemented with BAP 1 mg/l or 2 mg/l combined with IAA 0.2 mg/l were the best. The number of adventitious shoots in these medium were 9.2 and 9.4 shoots after 8 weeks cultured respectively. Increasing concentration of BAP more than 4 mg/l decreased number and size of adventitious shoots. The plantlets produced in the proliferation medium were then transferring to the next treatments for elongation and rooting. The best medium for elongation and rooting were medium with half strength of MS with or without IBA. Acclimatization conducted by transferring the rooted plantlets on the medium containing sterilized soil and rice husk charcoal (1:1). After 4 weeks acclimatization, 60-100 percent of plantlets were survived and growth, depend on treatments. Key words: Acclimatization, adventitious shoot, micropropagation, rooting, Ruscus hypophyllum L
Peranan Plasma Nutfah Padi dalam Meningkatkan Produktivitas Lahan Keracunan Besi
No full textProductivity of land in Java insel decreased. Therefore, it is necessary to utilize marginal Fe toxic land in order to increase production of rice. One of the hinderness is the lack of rice variety which is tolerant to this condition. The rice research institute and Balitbio in Bogor have the collection of rice varieties which can be used in breeding program. The program obtained a rice variety that is adaptive to Fe toxic land. Key words: Rice, Iro
Tolerance of Traditional Tidal Swamp Rice to Sheath Bligh (Rhizoctonia solani)
No full textThe study was conducted to find out some factors affecting low disease intensity and slow diseased development on several traditional rice through i.e. a) regeneration ability afterwards pathogen invation, b) to drive on sclerotium formation on traditional rice straw (i.e. Bayar pahit. Bayar palas. Karang dukuh, Lemo. Pandak) and improve variety (IR 36) in the moisture chamber, and also in water agar + rice sheath extract, c) the difference of internode and sheath long. The result revealed that some traditional rice (Bayar pahit, Bayar palas, Karang dukuh, Lemo and Pandak) possesa good regeneration ability afterward rice hills damaged by a pathogen invation. Pathogen also faided to produce sclerotium on Bayar pahit, Bayar palas, Karang dukuh and Lemo, and it was more due to the lack of available nutrition for pathogen fisiological prosses in the several traditional varieties. It was also possibly has inhibitor chemical compounds that inhibit sclerotium formation. There was known that stem internode was longer than sheath. So the pathogen could not reach to uppers heath. Diseased development was really slow on the traditional varieties that had three characteristics mentioned above. Key word: Rice, Sheath blight, Tidal swam