Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy)
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Growth and Production of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius Dennst. Nicolson from Different Corm Weights
Get PDFThe effect of different seed corm weight on the growth and production of elephant foot yams (Amorphophallus paeonifolius Dennst. Nicolson) were studied. Two forms of corm with same weight were prepared, i.e., whole corm and vertically sectioned by 1/2. The fresh mass of each whole corm and corm section was the same. Six different corm weights were compared, i.e., 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000 and 2000 g. Growth and development of elephant foot yam were determined by corm weigth, large seed corm produced larger leaf and fresh mass of daughter corms. On the contrary, number of leaf decreased with increasing seed corm weight. Plants from whole seed corms emerged earlier and they were larger than those from the sectioned corms, irrespective of weight. Plants from small sized whole corm emerged earlier than the larger ones. Dissecting the main bud caused the development of lateral buds, resulted in a delay of leaf emergence. The lower yield obtained by the use of sections might be related to the late emergence leading to shorter vegetative period in the field. In the cultivation, it is recommended to use whole seed corms of 100 or 200 g. Key words : Elephant foot yams, tuber crop, Araceae, corm weight, tuberization rat
Pengaruh Seed Coating dengan Fungisida Benomil dan Tepung Curcuma terhadap Patogen Antraknosa Terbawa Benih dan Viabilitas Benih Cabai Besar (Capsicum annuum L.)
Get PDFThe objective of this research was to study the effect of seed coating using Benomil and curcuma powder on seedborne diseases of antrachnose and seed viability of Capsicum annuum L.. This research was conducted in Laboratory of Plant Mycology and Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology IPB, from June to July 2006. This research consisted of three experiments, i.e.: (1) the effectiveness of seed coating in decreasing infection level of antrachnose fungus in the seed of chilli, (2) the effect of seed coating on seed viability, (3) the effect of seed coating in reducing infection level of antracnose at hypocotyl of chilli. The Experiment 1 and 3 used Randomized Complete Design and the experiment 2 used Randomized Complete Block Design. The result of this research showed that seed coating with Benomil and curcuma powder significantly decreased the infection level of antrachnose fungus on seed and hypocotyl (Benomil 2.5 g/l and curcuma powder 1 g/l). However, seed coating with curcuma 1 g/l had the lowest vigour index, seedling growth rate and seed germination (3%, 2.26%, 23%). Seedcoating with Benomil 2.5 g/l and curcuma powder did not significantly affect the maximum growth potential, seed germination, and vigour index. However, Benomil significantly decreased the seedling growth rate. Key wods : chilli, seed coating, antrachnose, curcuma, benomil, viabilit
Pengaruh Kadar Air Awal, Kemasan dan Lama Simpan terhadap Protein Membran Dalam Mitokondria Benih Kedelai
Get PDFThe research aimed at studying the effect of moisture content, package and storage period on mitochondrial inner membrane protein of soybean seed. The research was conducted in the laboratory of Seed Technology and Microbiology of Gadjah Mada University from May 2002 to August 2003. A Randomized Complete Block Design was used in the experiment with three factors and three replications. The first factor was moisture content consisted of three levels, i.e. 8%, 10%, and 12%. The second was three kinds of packages namely polyethylene plastic, wheat and aluminium foil. The third was the storage period, i.e. 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 months. Data collected were analyzed by analysis of variance and Duncan Multiple Range Test. Regression and correlation analysis were done to study the correlation between germination, vigor and protein content of mitochondria inner membrane. Record was made on protein content of mitochondrial inner membrane and its electrophoresis profile, electrical conductivity, germination and vigor. The result showed that moisture content, packaging and storage period had significant influences on protein content of the mitochondria inner membrane and its electrophoresis profile. Inner membrane protein of mitochondrial had a positive correlation with germination and vigor. It was concluded that moisture content, package and storage period affected inner membrane protein content of mitochondria and its protein electrophoresis profile. The protein content of mitochondrial inner membrane, germination and vigor of soybean seed stored in aluminium foil sack at 8%, 10% and 12% moisture content did not decreased within 6 months. Cell membrane damage affected mitochondrial damage. Key words: Soybean seed, mitochondria inner membrane protei
Studi Alternatif Substrat Kertas untuk Pengujian Viabilitas Benih dengan Metode Uji UKDdp
No full textA study to determine the best alternative substrate paper for testing seed viability in rolled paper method was conducted with 2 experiments. The first experiment studied the physical characteristic of six substrate papers, straw, filter, stencil, CD, HVS and Samson related to seed germination. The second experiment was conducted to identify the best alternative substrate for testing germination of different seeds. High and low viability of rice, maize, peanut, yardlong bean, chick pea and leafy vegetable seeds were tested with the substrate papers arranged in a Randomized Block Design with three replications. The first experiment showed that CD and Stencil papers had good physical characters for germination substrate. Water absorption of CD and stencil papers were 28.1g and 24.4g per medium unit, lower than Straw paper (46.51 g/medium unit) but significantly higher than the international standard of filter paper (20.7g/medium unit). In rolled paper test, no significant difference of water holding ability among the papers. Water lost during the 7 day testing were less than 2 g/medium unit for all of the papers. All of the papers including stencil and CD papers were homogenous with low coefficient of variation, less than 5%. The second experiment showed that different data of germination percentages and dry weight of normal seedlings were obtained from the diferrent subtrate papers. As compared to the common substrate straw paper, the stencil paper produced the most similar data, 100% and 91.7% similarities of germination percentage and dry weight of normal seedlings, respectively, whereas the other papers performed 37.5 - 91.6% and 29.1 - 66.7%. Key words: Substrate paper, physical characteristic, seed viability testing
Studi Serapan Hara N, P, K dan Potensi Hasil Lima Varietas Padi Sawah (Oryza sativa L.) pada Pemupukan Anorganik dan Organik
Get PDFThe objective of the research was to study the nutrition uptake (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium,) and the grain production of five rice varieties representing modern, new plant type and local varieties under application of inorganic, organic and combined inorganic-organic fertilization. Five rice varieties were Way Apoburu and IR-64 (modern varieties), Midun and Sarinah (local varieties from Sukabumi and Garut, respectively), and Fatmawati (new plant type variety). Five fertilizer treatments were (1) full recommendation dosage of inorganic fertilizer (250 kg urea/ha, 100 kg SP-36/ha, and 100 kg KCl/ha), (2) ¼ recommendation dose of inorganic fertilizer + rice straw, (3) ½ recommended dose of inorganic fertilizer + rice straw, (4) rice straw, and (5) green manure from Crotalaria juncea biomass. The results showed that there was no specific response of rice varieties to the fertilization treatments, even though there was specific nutrient uptake pattern and yield of each variety, and there was significant effect of fertilizer treatment to nutrient uptake and rice yield. Nutrient uptake and grain yield indicated that nutrient imobilisation occurred at 1stseason, however the availability of N, P, K nutrients increased at 2nd and 3rdseason on rice straw and green manure treatments. Rice straw application caused lower nutrient uptake and grain yield than full dosage inorganic fertilizer at 1st season but both were not significantly different at 2nd and 3rdseason. Application of rice straw with ½ dosage of inorganic fertilizers was not significantly different from full dosage of inorganic fertilizers in nutrient uptake and grain yield. Modern varieties showed higher level of N absorption than that of new type variety although it was not significantly different with that of local varieties, whereas the P and K uptake of modern varieties was lower than that of local and new plant type varieties. The modern varieties also showed higher level of dry grain per hill than that of local and new plant type varieties. However yield per ha of all varieties tended to be similar. Key words: uptake, efficiency, mineral nutrition, variety, lowland ric
Kajian Pemupukan NPK dan Jarak Tanam pada Produksi Antosianin Daun Kolesom
Get PDFThe effects of NPK fertilization and plant spacing on leaf anthocyanin production of Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd. were studied. A factorial experiment was used to study the combination of two factors i.e. NPK fertilization (no fertilization, NPK, NP, NK, and PK) and plant spacing (100 cm x 45 cm, 100 cm x 60 cm, 100 cm x 75 cm). These combinations were arranged in randomized block design, with three replications. The result showed that there was no effect of plant spacing and interaction between two factors. Application of NP (minus K) fertilizer gave the lowest value for almost all parameter except shoot/root ratio. This result suggested that fertilization played significant role in increasing anthocyanin production and the limiting factor was potassium. Key words: Talinum triangulare, NPK fertilization, anthocyanin productio
Pengaruh Tinggi Pangkasan Batang Utama dan Jumlah Cabang Primer yang Dipelihara terhadap Produksi Minyak Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L.)
Get PDFThe objective of this research was to study shoot architecture in relation to growth, increase production and seed oil content through various stem pruning and number of primary branches. This research was conducted using Randomized Complete Block Design with single factor. It consisted of ten treatments, i.e., K=kontrol, T20= height of stem pruning at 20 cm from soil and without control on number of primary branches, T20-2=height of stem pruning at 20 cm from soil and two primary branches, T20-3= height of stem pruning at 20 cm and three primary branches, T30= height of stem pruning at 30 cm and without control on number of primary branches, T30-2= height of stem pruning at 30 cm and two primary branches, T30-3=height of stem pruning 30 cm and three primary branches, T40=height of stem pruning at 40 cm and without control on number of primary branches, T40-2=height of stem pruning at 40 cm and two primary branches, and T40-3=height of stem pruning 40 cm and three primary branches. The results showed that stem pruning increased number of primary branches. The highest seed oil content and seed production was achieved T40 and T30-3 treatments i.e., 323.81 g/plant or 0.810 ton/ha and 320.61 g/plant or 0.802 ton/ha with seed oil yield 244.56 kg/ha and 276.61 kg/ha, respectively. Key words : Jatropha curcas L., seed oil content, pruning, primary branche
The Study of Genetic Diversity and Relationships on Carica sp. by Means of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Analysis
No full textThe genus of Carica comprises 21 species, among them three species have been domesticated and cultivated. They are Carica papaya, Carica candamarcencis and Carica monoica. In Indonesia, two species have been cultivated viz. Carica papaya and Carica candamarcencis. In this study, four accessions of Carica papaya species and one accession of Carica candamarcencis species were analyzed using RAPD technique. We successfully amplified a total I of 40 fragments from these DNA genome by using 6 random primers with GC bases content:::: 60% of each primer. The number of fragments of each primer ranged from 5 to 8 averaged 6.7 fragments per primer. Out of total fragments, 90% showed as polymorphic ranged from 5 to 8 on average 6 fragments per primer. A dendogram based on the UPGMA- link method using Nei and Li similarity and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) plot separated the accessions into two main groups, the Carica papaya species on the one side and the Carica candamarcencis species on the other side. The result demonstrated that RAPD analysis was able to reveal genetic difference between Carica papaya and Carica candamarcencis species, as well as genetic diversity in Carica papaya species
Pengaruh Penggunaan Pupuk Anorganik dan Pupuk Semai Mikrobia terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Kapas (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
No full texteffect of inorganic fertilizer dosage and concentration of Semai Mikrobia fertilizer on cotton growth and production was studied at Cikabayan greenhouse, IPR. The experiment was arranged in split plot design with three replicates. The dosages of inorganic fertilizers as the main plot and the concentration of Semai Mikrobia as sub plot. The dosages of inorganic fertilizers were no fertilizer, 50% recommended dosage, and IOO% recommended dosage and the concentrations of Semai Mikrobia were 0 cc/l water, 4 cc/l water, 8 cc/l water, and I2 cc/l water. The results indicated that the application of Semai Mikrobia fertilizer up to I2 cc/l did not affect growth and production of cotton. There was no interaction effect between the dosage of inorganic fertilizer and Semai Mikrobia concentration. Inorganic fertilizer application at IOO% recommended dosage increased height and the number of generative branch compared with no fertilizer
Pola Kerontokan Buah Tiga Kultivar Mangga
Get PDFInformation on the pattern of fruit drop of mango is required to determine the appropriate method and time in reducing fruit drop. By this methodf, fruit retention or number of harvested fruit of mango can be increased.The aim of this research was to determine the pattern of fruit drop of Gadung 21, Manalagi 69 and Golek 3 I . The results of this researchs howedt hat the pattern of fruit drop of Gadung2 1, Golek 31 and Manalagi 69 was similar. All cultivars I showed that there was one peak (the highest number of fruit drop) in fruit drop. It occurred at 6 days after anthesis (DAA). After 24 DAA, the number offruit drop was constant, namely near to zero. It occurred until harvest.Key words: Mango, Fruit drop, Fruit se