Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy)
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The Micropropagation of Bananas
Get PDFA study to obtain a method of rapid clonal propagation of bananas was done. The investigated cultivars were Pisang Mas (AA), Pisang Ambon Kuning (AAA), Pisang Barangan (AAA), and Pisang Rajabulu (AAB). The basal medium was MS, the treatment were IAA (0 - 4.5 mg/l) and BAP (0 - 10.5m g/l), and the explants were suckers from the field. The experiment was designed with Randomized complete design, and repeated in 10 bottles for each treatment. The result of experiment showed that IAA alone significantly induced shoot multiplication. The role of IAA could be replaced by BAP. Cultivars, IAA and BAP interacted each other to induce shoot multiplication. The best treatment to induce shoot multiplication was the combination of IAA and BAP, and the concentration depend on the cultivar. After 8 weeks, the highest number of axilar shoots (12.6 shoots/bottles)w as obtained by Pisang Ambon (AAA), followed by Pisang Mas (AA) 8.2 shoot/bottle, Pisang Barangan (AAA) 7.8 shoot/bottle, and Pisang Rajabulu (AAB) 7.6 shoot/bottle. Key words: Banana, Micropropagatio
KORELASI GENOTIPIK ANTARA HASIL DENGAN TINGKAT KETAHANAN TERHADAP PENYAKIT BERCAK DAUN HITAM PADA KACANG TANAH
Get PDFA field evaluation was conducted to study the genotypic correlation between yield potentials and resistance level to the late leafspot of peanut. The experiment was carried out at Muara experimental-field from October 1994 to January 1995 using 100 genotypes with natural late leafspot inoculation. The result showed that the resistance level to late leafspot, wish was quantitatively reflected by the fresh-leaves percentage has negative genotypic correlation with total and filled-pod numbe1: The negative genotypic correlation were also found between resistance level and the weight of total pod, filled pod, as kernel, although not significant
PENGARUH KONSENTRASI DAN SELANG WAKTU PEMBERIAN PUPUK DAUN AGROKING 2000 TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN SETEK TEH TRI 2025 (Camellia sinensis (L). O. Kuantze).
Get PDFThis experiment was carried out at Gambung Experimental Station from January till June 1993. The objective of this experiment was to study the effect of Agro King 2000 concentration compare with Gemari 2 ml L-1 and intervals application on tea cutting node growth. The experiment was arranged in Factorial Randomized Block Design. It consisted of two factors and three replications. The first factor was Agro King 2000 concentrations 1 ml L -1, 2 mL -1, 3 ml L -1 , 4 ml L-1, and 2 ml Gemari L-1 as control. The second factor was Gemari and Agro King interval applications at 2, 3 and 4 weeks application. . Interval application treatments and various concentrations of Agro King 2000 and Gemari and the interaction of both treatments did not significantly affect on all tea cutting node growth variables. It means Gemari and Agro King can be used for tea cutting node. This experiment suggested that 2 mIL-1 Gemari or 1 miL-1 Agro King2000 for every 4 weeks could be used for tea cutting node.
Potency of Sago Palm as Carbohydrate Resource for Strengthening Food Security Program
Get PDFA new competition between biofuel production and food production has occurred in recent years, therefore the development of some new plant resources and their utilization are needed. Sago palm and related species that can store a large amount of starch in the trunk and can grow under severe environmental conditions are considered to be potential starch resources for not only food production but also ethanol production. However, even sago palm, an elite species among the starch producing palms, grows under semi-domesicated or natural condition and there are many problems to utilize it. Thus, the systematic, ecological, physiological, agronomic and economic studies should be carried out for improvement of these species. Here, the recent research progress is reviewed. Large variation in morphological characteristics and palm size existed among the folk varieties of sago palm, and the difference in pith dry-matter yield was mainly attributable to trunk diameter and dry-matter content of the pith. The two key parameters were closely related with soil profile indicating natural fertility. On the other hand, the genetic distance of sago palm individuals grown in the Malay Archipelago was considered to be related to geographical distribution. The genetic variation was small in the western area and large in the eastern area. Sago palm tolerated up to 171mM (1.0%) NaCl concentration in the growth media for comparatively long period. The salt resistance of sago palm might be due to salt avoidance to mechanically restrict an excess of Na distribution from the roots to leaflets. The Na influx might be disturbed by the endodermal cells of roots even under 342mM (2.0%) NaCl condition. Sago palm tolerated severe low pH condition such at pH 3.6 in the growth media for 5 months at least and maintained a low Al3+ concentration in the plant tissues. Sago palm was considered to have a high tolerance to Al with the Al exclusion ability. Moreover, the growth of sago palm was stimulated when AlCl3 was added into the growth media with 10ppm Al. These physiological information on the growth response of sago palm to environmental stresses will be valuable for investigating concrete strategies to introduce new plant resources to barren lands with sterile soil and produce economic plants from poor productivity lands. Key words: acid soil, biofuel, genetic variation, Metroxylon, salt stress, starch
Pengembangan Kriteria Seleksi pada Pisang (Musa sp.) Berdasarkan Analisis Lintas
Get PDFThis research was aimed to develop selection criteria based on correlation and path coefficient analysis. The experiment was carried out at CETROFS (Center for Tropical Fruit Studies) field station of Bogor Agricultural University, Tajur. The result showed that plant height, pseudostem diameter, number of leaves, weeks to harvest, finger number per plant, and mean of finger weight were positively correlated with bunch weight. Pseudostem diameter, number of leaves, finger number per plant have strong direct effect on bunch weight, with path coefficient 0.321, 0.264, 0.297, and 0.722, subsequently. However, the plant height showed strong indirect effect on bunch weight through pseudostem diameter. These characters are useful as a selection criteria for developing new variety of banana with higher bunch weight Key words: path coefficient, selection criteria, banana
Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Dua Klon Ubijalar dalam Tumpang Sari dengan Jagung
Get PDFAn experiment to evaluate the growth and yield of two sweetpotato clones in intercropping with maize was conducted in IPB experimental farm in Sawah Baru from December 2004 to April 2005. In intercropping, the two sweetpotato clones of CIP-1 and CIP-6 were planted among to maize rows. Planting space of sweet potato was 100 cm x 25 cm and maize was 100 cm x 12.5 cm in a plot size of 3 m x 3 m. Besides, the two crops were also planted in monoculture. The experiment was designed as a Randomized Block Design (RBD) and replicated three times. Dry matter of stem, leaves, and roots of the two sweet potato clones in intercropping were lower than in monoculture. The same response occurred for yield of storage root. The storage root weight of sweet potato clone, respectively, in monoculture and intercropping was 1.350 and 2.533 kg plot-1 of CIP-1 and 3.167 and 11.083 kg plot-1 of CIP-6. On the other hand, there was no significance difference in growth and yield of maize in monoculture (3.35 kg plot-1) and intercropping (3.13 kg plot-1). Land equivalent ratio of the intercropping maize with CIP-1 and CIP-6 were 1.7 and 1.4, respectively. It means that land productivity can be increased by those intercropping. Key words: Sweet potato clones, intercropping, maiz
Analisis Stabilitas Hasil Tujuh Populasi Jagung Manis Menggunakan Metode Additive Main Effect Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI)
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to identify the stability of seven sweet corn genotypes as breeding result of Center for Crop Improvement Studies (PSPT), using Additive Main Effect Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) method. The design was Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications as blocks. The genotypes used were; PSPT-C, PSPT-K, PSPT-T1, PSPST-T2, PSPT-MM, and two commercial varieties Bogor-Hi and SD-2. The genotypes were planted in four different locations which included experiment fields of IPB-Cikabayan Darmaga (250 m above sea level) and Pasir Sarongge Cipanas (1120-1200 m above sea level), Gunung Geulis Cisarua (550 m above sea level), and Cibedug Ciawi (600 m above sea level). Based on the postdictive success and predictive success methods, the model used (AMMI 2) was able to explain interaction-influenced variation as much as 85%. The genotypes found stable in four locations were PSPT-MM, PSPT-T1, Bogor-Hi and SD-2. PSPT-C was specific for Ciawi, PSPT-K and PSPT-T2 specific for Cisarua. Key words: AMMI, sweet corn, multilocation trials
Pengaruh Beberapa Jenis Pupuk Hayati terhadap Pertumbuhan Dua Klon Tanaman Teh (Camellia sinensis (L) O. Kuntze) Belum Menghasilkan
Get PDFThe experiment was carried out to study the effect of biofertilizer on the growth of two clones of young tea. This experiment was conducted at Cikabayan Experiment Station, Faculty of Agricuture, IPB, Bogor, from July to November 2000. This experiment was arranged in Split Plot Design with three replications. The main factor was clone types consisted of two clones i.e.: RB 3 and Gambung 5, whereas the sub factor was biofertilizer consisted of five kinds i.e. : EMAS + 50 % inorganic fertilizer recommended dosage (i.f.r.d.), EM4 + 50 % i.f.r.d., OST + 50 % i.f.r.d., Soils Plus + 50 % i.f.r.d. and 100 % i.f.r.d. The results showed that the EMAS + 50 % i.f.r.d. and EM4 + 50 % i.f.r.d. treatments significantly increased plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, and bud length. The application of 6.25 g EMAS per plant (equivalent with 83.125 kg/ha) + 50 % i.f.r.d. and 10 ml EM4 (equivalent with 6.65 l/ha) + 50 % i.f.r.d. could reduce application of inorganic fertilizer dosage until 50 % and resulted in the growth of the plant which was better than that of inorganic fertilizer. In general, growth of the RB 3 clone was better than Gambung 5 clone. Key words : Biofertilizer, clones, vegetative growth, te
Pendugaan Nilai Heterosis dan Daya Gabung Beberapa Komponen Hasil pada Persilangan Dialel Penuh Enam Genotipe Cabai (Capsicum annuum L.)
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to estimate the heterosis and heterobeltiosis of thirty chili hybrids, the general combining ability (GCA), and the specific combining ability (SCA) of six chili (Capsicum annuum L.) inbred lines. The experiment was conducted from October 2005 to March 2006 at IPB Experiment Field, Cikabayan, Darmaga. Randomized Complete Blocked Design was used with three replications. All characters were significantly different for heterosis, heterobeltiosis, general and specific combining ability. Significant differences were noted in reciprocal effect for fruit weight, and yield per plant. Hybrid IPB C-2 x IPC C-3 and IPB C-3 x IPB C-1 had positive heterosis and heterobeltiosis values for all variables observed. IPB C-2 showed the highest GCA for yield per plant and fruit length, IPB C-3 and IPB C-7 showed high GCA for yield per plant, fruit length, fruit width, and fruit weight. Crosses having high SCA for all variables observed were IPB C-1 x IPB C-3 and IPB C-2 x IPB C-3. Cross combination of IPB C-2 x IPB C-3 was the best hybrid. Key words: chili, heterosis, heterobeltiosis, combining ability, full dialle
Karakterisasi Morfologi Bunga dan Buah Abnormal Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) Hasil Kultur Jaringan
Get PDFTissue culture-derived plants of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) can produce abnormal female dan male flowers, especially female, which develop into mantled fruit. This abnormality have caused yield lost up to 40%. The objectives of this research were to study the stages of flower development in which the abnormality started to appear, to characterize the morphology of the abnormal flower and fruit, and to determine the degree of abnormality. Plant materials used in this research were MK152, MK 176, MK 203, MK163, MK104, MK 212 and MK 209 clones obtained from the collection of "Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi (BPPT)" in Ciampea, Bogor. Characterization of abnormality at the flowering stage was conducted based on morphological performance at several stages of flower development, while the degree of abnormality at fruiting stage was determined based on the condition of carpel, mesocarp and seed. Normal flower and fruit of the same clone were used as the control. The results showed that the abnormality started at primordial stage of flower organ formation. Supplement carpel was found surrounding gynoecium for the abnormal female flower, which was composed of three to six carpels present at separate whorl of flower. Abnormal male flower had no additional whorl of flower, instead stamens were converted into carpel-like structures. In this case, number of carpels structure depends on the degree of abnormality. There were three levels of abnormality, i.e. light abnormality (AbR), heavy abnormality (AbB) and severe abnormality (AbSB). The severe abnormal fruit was seedless, with soft mesocarp (AbSB1) and woody mesocarp (AbSB2). Key words : oil palm, mantled fruit, supplement carpel, flower whorl, tissue cultur