Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy)
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Deteksi Dini Tanaman yang Mengalami Kekurangan Air untuk Menentukan Waktu Pengairan
No full textDetection of water stress in olants may help to schedule irrigation and improve water use efficiency. The objective of this study was to determine the reflectance vegetation index (RVI) obtained from remote sensing of the crops duringg soil drying and fully watered plots as a tool for detection of water stress. RVI was calculated from incoming (PARi) and reflected (PARc) photosynthetically active radiation and from incoming (NIi) and reflected (NIc) near infrared radiation using the equation RVI = (NIc / NIi) / PARc / PARi). the effect of soil drying on leaf expansion, biomass accumulution, abscisic acid (ABA) in xylem sap and leaf water potential were used as drought indicators in maize grown in lysimeter in the field. Leaf area expansion and biomass acimulation were decreased by drought. The reflectance vegetation index was measured when green crop area index increased during the vegetation stage of growth. Xylem (ABA) increment coincided with decrease in RVI of drought plants. Changes in RVI of drought plants which were compared to RVI of fully irrigated reference plants occurred at early stage of drought stress when relative available soil water content was 60%. RVI was higly correlated with green crop area index (R2 = 0.84) and biomass accumulation (R2 = 0.88). We suggest that measurements of RVI in drought field plants compared to RVI measurements of fully irrigated reference plants within the same field can be used as an early warning system of irrigation.Keyword : Abscisic acid, Drought Reflectance, Wate
Kejut Tanam Cara Pindah Cabutan pada Pembibitan Kelapa Sawit
No full textTo find out the possibility of long distance transplanting from the pre to main nursery of oil palm, a research had been conducted to study the effect of bare-root (soiless) and delayed transplanting on seedling growth. The research was a two factor factorial experiment, seedling age of 2 and 3 months, and 5 level transplanting times: conventional (direct planting), bare-root and delayed-transplanting for 1, 3, 5, and 7 days. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete design. The results indicated that 95 - 100% of the seedlings with bare root and delayed transplanting were successfully survive and continuous to grow. Two month old seedlings were able to overcome the transplanting shock better than three month old seedlings. The seedling of bare-roots and delayed- planting for up to 7 days, still performed a normal growth and there was no significant difference among time of delayed-plantings. The seedlings of delayed transplanting grew two weeks later than the conventional transplanting Key words: Transplanting shock, Bare-root method, Delayed planting
Catatan Penelitian (Research Note) Production of Seedling of Carica papaya L. by Carica parviplora (A.DC) Solms. Interspecific Hybrids Using Embryo Rescue
No full textA method of embryo rescue to produce seedlings of Carica papaya x Carica parviflora (A. DC) Solms. interspecific hybrids has been developed. Liquid medium of 0.5 Murashige and Skoog nutrients containing kinetin (0.25 µM) and NAA (0.25 µM) was the best medium to germinate the hybrids and produced the biggest leaf area index of the hybrids. Liquid medium of 0.5 MS nutrients containing kinetin (1.0 µM) and NAA (0.25 µM) produced the highest number of leaves of the hybrids, and produced the longest length of hypocotyl of the hybrids
Pengaturan Pembungaan Tanaman Manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) di Luar Musim dengan Strangulasi, serta Aplikasi Paklobutrazol dan Etepon
Get PDFThe objective of the research was to study the application of strangulation, packlobutrazol and ethephon to stimulate flowering of mangosteen trees. The experiment was conducted from June 2002 to September2 003, located at Farmer\u27s Mangosteen Orchards, Leuwiliang, Bogor. A randomized block design with two factors was used in thisexperiment. The first factor was treatments to stimulate flowering consisted of three levels i.e strangulation (8), (S) application of paclobubtrazol (P) and control (K). The second factor was treatments for dormancy breaking consisted of two levels i.e without ethephon (Eo) and with ethephon (EiJ. Each treatment was replicated four times. The resultshowed that strangulation and application of paclobutrazol were effective in stimulating flowering of mangosteen trees. Those treatments decreased gibberellic acid content and increased total sugar and C: N ratio. Interaction effect was found between treatments to stimulate flowering and ethephon on number of flowers, number of fruits and weight of fruits per tree. The highest fruits weight (2.,50 kg/tree) was obtained on the combination of paclobutrazol with ethephon while the lowest was in control without ethephon( 6.05 kg/tree).Key words: Mangosteen, Strangulation, Paclobutrazol, Ethephon, Flowering
Studi Komersialisasi Benih Padi Sawah Varietas Unggul
Get PDFRice is the most important food in Indonesia and the rice demand has gradually increased during some decades. There are several efforts to increase national rice production in order to minimize rice import, such as using seed of improved variety, fertilizer, protection from pest and diseases, improving water management and post harvest handling. Cultivation of improved variety is the most efficient way to increase rice production in Indonesia. There are several improving characteristics on new released variety such as : early mature, high productivity, resistant to pests and diseases, resistant to lodging, and high quality of rice. During 1960 - 2000, more than 90 improved varieties were released by Ministry of Agriculture, but only several varieties (about 10%) were accepted by the farmer and cultivated in a large-scale area during a long periode. IR 64 is the most popular variety in many provinces more than 12 years, so that the variety has the highest commercial level and efficency index among Cisadane, PB 42, PB 46 and the old improved variety. Key words: Rice, Commercialization, Efficiency inde
Pengaruh Sarcotesta dan Pengeringan Benih serta Perlakuan Pendahuluan terhadap Viabilitas dan Dormansi Benih Pepaya (Carica papaya L.)
Get PDFImproved seed longevity by seed drying and application of phenolic compound as natural antioxidant is the topic of this research. In many cases the sensitivity of papaya seed to drying is being the limit factor because of desiccation injury or induced dormancy. There is phenolic compound on the sarcotesta surrounding papaya seed which may act either as antioxidant or as germination inhibitor. The effect of sarcotesta and seed drying on viabillity and dormancy was studied. The experiment was conducted in July - October 2004, located at Bogor Agricultural University, used papaya seed (IPB-1) which harvested from Pusat Kajian Buah Tropika (PKBT) farm in Bogor. In the last study, seed was dried in the absence and presence of sarcotesta until 11-12% and 6-7% moisture content (mc). After drying, seed viability was measured by tetrazolium test. The hardness of seed was also measured using penetrometer. Seed germination was tested by (1) soaking on 10% KNO3, (2) scarification on water using electrical stirrer, (3) soaking on 10% KNO3 with scarification using electrical stirrer, (4) scarification on the hot water (50oC) followed by soaking on 10% KNO3. In the absence of sarcotesta, the viability of 6-7% mc seed was as high as 11-12% mc seed. There was neither viability reduction nor induced dormancy. Whereas in the presence of sarcotesta, there was also no viability reduction but the dormancy was induced. The dormancy of seed with 11-12% mc was longer than seed with 6-7% mc. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that sarcotesta was removed by cleaning treatment before drying. On the contrary, sarcotesta was not completely removed from the seed and became more impermeable when cleaning was done after drying.This research can not suggest the most effective pre-treatment to break the dormancy. The mechanism of the dormancy is discused. Key words: Carica papaya L., seed drying, sarcotesta, seed viability, seed dormanc
Toleransi Kedelai terhadap Tanah Salin
Get PDFSaline soil is widely distributed in Indonesia. This soil could inhibit and reduce growth and production. The aims of this research was to know the responce of several soybean varieties and lines to salinity. The result of this research showed that line name T22 was susceptible to saline soil. Mlg 2510 line was very tolerant to saline soil, and on 0.4% salt concentration this line still produced seed.; Key words: Soybean, Saline soil
Perakitan Kultivar Kentang Unggul Indonesia secara Cepat dengan Metode Turunan Klonal Biji Tunggal dan Pra - Evaluasi Secara In Vitro
Get PDFAt least ten years needed to abtain new potato cultivar through sexual hybridization, somatic hybridization or through genetic transformation, To short cut this process, Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Agronomy, IPB employed a strategy so called single seed in vitro clonal decent ( SSICD) by usings elected parental lines for TPS (True Potato Seed) production. This breeding consist of in vitro pre evaluation for resistance wilt, fusarium wilt, black leg, rot knot nematode and maturity. Using the same number of bacterial cell / (109 cell/ml), there were positive correlation between in vitro test for disease resistance through dripping test or dripping test with greenhouse test through direct inoculation of Ralstonia solanancearum. Resistant clones to fusarium wilt and verticillium were also resistant to bacterial wilt. In vitro tuberization could be use to evaluate maturity of potato cultivar. Key words: Potato, SSIC
Optimasi Pemanfaatan Tanaman Transgenik
Get PDFHuman effort on improving agricultural crops has been expanding very rapidly, and recently by using gene transformation technology it was possible to introduce genes from biologically unrelated organisms into plant genomes. Gene transformation technology, known as transgenic technology, has been successfully introduced gene encoding insecticidal compound from bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis into several crops, for example. Introducing new technology is offering several advantages but also brings several disadvantages however since the technology isImportant for maintaining increase of crop production, it was necessary to optimize utilization of transgenic technology. Key words: Gene transformation, Expression control, Antibiotic resistanc
Potensi Galur-Galur Padi Rawa Pasang Surut Menunjang Ketahanan Pangan
Get PDFThe advance yield trial was conducted at potential tidal swampland at Inlittra Handil Manarap. South Kalimantan in dry season of 2000. Nine advanced lines, designationly IR53709-36-10-2; B729Id-Sm-Tb-5; BW 307-6; B10278b-Mr-3-3-1; B10179b-Mr-1-4-2; BI0278b-Mr-1-4-2; B10277b-Mr-1-4-3; TOX3118-6-E2-3-2; BIOI79b-Mr-1- 4-1 and Kapuas variety used as a check variety. The trial was arranged in randomized completely block design with three replications. The trial showed that there were five advanced lines which their yield were higher than Kapuas, i.e. B7291d-Sm-Tb-5; BW307-6; BI0278b-Mr-3-3-1; BIOI79b-Mr-I-4-2; BIOI 79b-Mr-I-4-1. The yield of the five lines were 2.47; 2.42; 2.45; 2.50; and 2.29 t/ha, respectively while yield of Kapuas variety was only 2.20 t/ha. Percentage of yield increasing of these lines, if compared by Kapuas, were 1.27; 10; 11.36; 13.64; 4.09 % respectively. Key words: Rice, Tidal swamp, fiel