Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy)
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Seleksi Genotipe Padi Mutan Insersi Toleran Cekaman Salinitas Berdasarkan Karakter Pertumbuhan dan Biokimia
Get PDFEleven genotypes of insertional mutant Nipponbare rice carrying randomly inserted activation tag were tested to investigate the growth and biochemical responses to salt stress. Pokkali, IR 29, and non-transgenic Nipponbare were used as tolerant, susceptible, and isogenic control, respectively. Plants were grown in plastic trays filled with 0 g L-1 NaCl Yoshida nutrient solution as control and grown in 6 g L-1 NaCl as treatment. Salt injury was scored on 10, 16, and 21 days after salinization. Observation at 21 days after salinization showed that there was significant difference among genotypes in growth and biochemical characters. Classification using hierarchical cluster analysis based on growth and biochemical responses showed that there were three clusters. Cluster I consisted of wild-type Nipponbare, T2.pMO.V.3.13.c.22, T2.pMO. V.1.7.a.15, T2.pMO.III.98.b.7, T2.pMO.II.231.c15, T2.pMO.III.98.b.8, T2.pMO.III.98.b.17, T2.pMO.III.98.b.3, and T2.pMO.VI.81.3.a.4. Cluster II consisted of IR 29, T2.pMO.V.3.13.c.14, T2.pMO.VI.30.1a.125, and T2.pMO.VI.30.1.a.65. However no mutant genotype was clustered with Pokkali in cluster III, which may indicate that there was no salt tolerant mutant genotype found in this research. Keywords: salt tolerance mutant rice, growth characters, biochemical character
Uji Inokulasi dan Respon Ketahanan 38 Genotipe To mat terhadap Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis
Get PDFIdentifi kasi ketahanan genotipe adalah langkah awal dalam pengembangan kultivar tahan terhadap serangan patogen. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (i) mendapatkan cara inokulasi dengan jumlah dan konsentrasi inokulum Cmm yang efektif untuk mengevaluasi ketahanan tomat terhadap Cmm di rumah kaca, (ii) mendeterminasi reaksi ketahanan berbagai genotipe tomat akibat inokulasi Cmm. Percobaan ini menggunakan 38 genotipe tomat yang terdiri dari 7 genotipe tomat lokal, 15 genotipe tomat komersial, dan 16 genotipe koleksi Pusat Studi Pemuliaan Tanaman IPB Bogor (PSPT/IPB). Agen penyebab penyakit yang digunakan adalah 6 isolat Cmm hasil percobaan sebelumnya. Cara inokulasi Cmm yang efektif terhadap tomat cv. Marta (sangat rentan), uji reaksi ketahanan berbagai genotipe tomat terhadap Cmm telah dilakukan di rumah kaca. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah (i) inokulasi dengan menyuntikkan inokulum Cmm 5 µl konsentrasi 106 cfu/ml pada beberapa tempat di ketiak daun (daun pertama, daun tengah dan pucuk) merupakan cara yang paling efektif mengevaluasi ketahanan tomat terhadap Cmm, (ii) berbagai genotipe tomat yang diuji belum ada yang tahan teradap Cmm, genotipe tomat lokal ada yang agak rentan dan agak tahan.Kata kunci: kultivar tahan, suspensi bakteri, toma
Karakter Fisik dan Kimia Buah Pepaya pada Stadia Kematangan Berbeda
Get PDFThe objective of the experiment was to investigate the physical and chemical characteristics of three stadia of maturity based on a range of peel color from green to yellow or based on percentage of the yellow area of fruit peel (stadium 1 = 25-49 % yellow, stadium 2 = 50-74 % yellow, and stadium 3 = above 75 % yellow) on six genotypes of papaya. Each genotype exhibited different days to maturity for each stadium. The fruits of stadium 1, 2 and 3 for IPB 1 were picked at 130, 135, and 140 days after anthesis (DAA); IPB 10A at 160, 165, and 170 DAA; IPB 1 x PB 174 at 135, 140 and 145 DAA; while PB 174, IPB 1 x IPB 10A and IPB 10A x PB 174 were picked at 140, 145 and 150 DAA, respectively. The results indicated that peel firmness was affected by maturity stage on female fruit of IPB 10A. Maturity stage affected chemical characteristics of papaya included total soluble solids (TSS) content (IPB 10A, female fruit of PB 174, female fruit of IPB 1 x IPB 10A, and female fruit of IPB 1 x PB 174), vitamin C content (hermaphrodite fruit of 10 A, female fruit of IPB 1 x IPB 10A) and juice pH (hermaphrodite fruit of IPB 1). IPB 1 genotype can be harvested at all stadia of maturity stage. Hermaphrodite and female fruit of IPB 10 A, female fruit of PB 174, female fruit of IPB 1 x IPB 10A and female fruit of IPB 1 x PB 174 genotype would be better harvested at stadium 3 of maturity stage. Keywords: Carica papaya, papaya genotype, hermaphrodite fruit, female fruit, fruit quality, fruit maturity stag
Akumulasi dan Distribusi Bahan Kering pada Beberapa Kultivar Kacang Tanah
Get PDF<!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Calibri; panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:swiss; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1073750139 0 0 159 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:10.0pt; margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:IN; mso-no-proof:yes;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> This research was carried out in April–September 2007. The research objective was to study the dry matter distribution pattern of several peanut cultivars. Twenty cultivars were planted at two different locations, Cikarawang and Sawah Baru Experimental Field but at the same elevation (250 m above sea level). The cultivars were scored according to morphological and physiological characters, total N and total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC), yield and yield components. There were no statistically differences in pod yield, seed yield and harvest index between the cultivars, but there were differences in dry matter distribution between cultivars. TNC content in stem correlated positively with pod fi lling. Carbohydrates for pod fi lling presumed were derived from dry matter accumulation in early pod fi lling stage. It was concluded that the ideal growing type of peanut are early accumulated dry matter but almost no increase of dry matter accumulation in upper part of plant during seed development. Keywords: dry matter distribution, pod fi lling, peanu
Multiplikasi dan Pigmentasi Antosianin Daun Dewa (Gynura pseudochina (L) DC) In Vitro
Get PDFThe research consisted of two experiments, they were shoot multiplications experiment and root induction with anthocyanins content experiment. Randomized block design with two factors was used in the two experiments. In the first experiment BAP and IAA were used which were 0, 1, 2, 3 ppm and 0, 0.5 and 1 ppm, respectively. In the second experiment IAA and sucrose were used which were 0, 0.5, 1 ppm and 30, 40, 50 and 60 g/l. Addition of BAP 3.54 and 2.98 ppm without IAA to in vitro MS medium in the first experiment, significantly increased the number of shoots (33.21) and number of leaves (52.53) at 5 weeks after planting. MS medium with BAP 0.32 ppm without IAA produced maximum shoot heights (4.11 cm), while addition BAP up to 3 ppm significantly reduced number of roots and induced callus diametres (1.48 cm). Purple pink leaf colour was produced without BAP application. In the second experiment, addition of IAA 1 ppm with sucrose 52.18 g/l and IAA 1 ppm with sucose 48.36 g/l produced maximum of shoot number (15.01 shoots) and leaf number (29.16 leaves) at 8 weeks after planting, but the size of shoot and leaf were smaller. Maximum shoot height (10.03cm), number of root (35.4) and length of root (22.3 cm) were produced at the IAA 0.5 ppm and sucrose 30 g/l. The highest anthocyanins content (0.071 %) and number of plantlet (2.6) were produced by addition of sucrose 30 g/l. Anthocyanin and number of plantlet decreased quadratically with sucrose addition. Key words : Anthocyanin, In Vitro, Gynura pseudochina (L.) D
Aplikasi Bioaktivator SuperDec dalam Pengomposan Limbah Padat Organik Tebu
Get PDFThe development of a suitable technology for handling sugar cane plantation\u27s solid organic waste especially bagasse, filter mud, and trash is one of the most important concerns in the management system of sugar cane plantation. Solid organic waste of sugar cane is potentially suitable as a compost raw material processed by introducing lingocellulosic-degrading microbes, particularly Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Trichoderma pseudokoningii, and Trichoderma sp. The microbes were formulated in a commercial bioactivator product namely SuperDec. The significant results have been obtained on biodegradation of trash composted by using this bioactivator. Compost maturity could be reached in 7-21 days of incubation indicated by the reductions of solid organic waste particle size and C/N ratio. Based on selected production component values of this trial, the production cost of trash-originated compost is Rp. 200,-/kg with nutrient value equivalent to Rp. 260,-/kg. Combined applications of the compost with NPK single or with NPK compound fertilizers yielded higher biomass production i.e. 28.5 and 13.3%, respectively, than that obtained from standard NPK single fertilizer application. Key words: Sugar cane plantation, solid organic waste, SuperDec, composting technology, C/N ratio, production cos
Pengaruh Sarcotesta dan Kadar Air Benih terhadap Kandungan Total Fenol dan Daya Simpan Benih Pepaya (Carica papaya L.)
Get PDFThere are phenolic compounds in sarcotesta of papaya seed which can act either as inhibitor or as antioxidant. The objective of this experiment was to study the effect of sarcotesta and seed moisture content on total phenolic content and seed longevity of papaya seed. The experiment was conducted in November 2004 - May 2005, at Bogor Agicultural University, by using papaya seed (IPB-1) harvested from Center for Tropical Fruit Studies orchard in Bogor. In this study, seeds were dried in the absence and presence of sarcotesta until 11-12% and 6-7% moisture content (mc). After drying, seeds were packed in sealed plastic bag and stored in ambient room until 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 weeks. Seed viability and total phenolic compound were evaluated every 3 weeks. Total phenolic content of seed with sarcotesta was higher (> 327mg/100g dry weight) than the seed without sarcotesta
Penapisan Varietas Padi Toleran Salinitas pada Lahan Rawa di Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan
Get PDFThe experiment was aimed to determine the most suitable method for selection of salt-tolerant, and to investigate the agronomic characteristics of salt-tolerant rice variety. Two experiments were conducted to study the tolerance of 18 varieties to salt: 1) in situ screening of salt-tolerant varieties using completely randomized design, and 2) screening of salt-tolerant varieties using factorial experiment (varieties and salinity) with completely randomized design. The experiment showed that screening of rice variety that tolerant and sensitive to salt stress can be determined by comparing root dry weights in salt stressed condition and in unstressed condition, and in term of agronomical aspect, salt stress-tolerant rice showed good growth when planted in the saline field. Key words: Screening, rice, swamp areas and salt stres
Pengaruh Kalium dan Varietas Jagung terhadap Eksudat Asam Organik dari Akar, Serapan N, P, dan K Tanaman dan Produksi Brangkasan Jagung (Zea mays L.)
Get PDFPot experiment was aimed to study effect of potassium (K) and variety on organic acid exudates from roots, plant N, P, and K uptakes, and plant dry weight. The experiment was conducted in the green house of Indonesian Soil Research Institute, Bogor using sand culture method. Factorial in Completely Randomized Block Design with three replications was used in this experiment. The first factor was K application, i.e. without K and application of 100 ppm K, and the second one was 10 varieties of maize, i.e. Antasena, Sukmaraga, CIMMIT 3330, Wisanggeni, Bisma, Lamuru, Pioneer-4, Pioneer-7, Pioneer-11, and Pioneer-21. The result showed that application of K significantly increased plant N and K uptakes. Among tested varieties, the N, P, and K uptake, as well as roots and dry weights of CIMMIT 3330 were the lowest, while those variables of Pioneer-7 were the highest. Among organic acid exudates, oxalic acid was the most dominant exudates exerted from roots, it was about 3.15 mg/g roots dry weight (DW) of Wisanggeni compared to 5.93 mg/g roots DW of CIMMIT 3330. Plant age significantly affected the exudates which was in the order of 4 weeks after planting (WAP) > 2 WAP > 6 WAP. Among tested varieties (Antasena, CIMMIT 3330, Wisanggeni, Lamuru, and Pioneer-21), CIMMIT 3330 was the most potential variety to increase availability of soil K in smectitic soils, thus increasing the efficiency of K fertilizer in the soils. Key words: Potassium, variety, organic acid exudates, plant uptake, maize
Keragaan Genetik dan Pendugaan Heritabilitas pada Komponen Hasil dan Kandungan β-Karoten Progeni Kelapa Sawit
Get PDFAn experiment to study heritability, general combining ability (GCA), and specific combining ability (SCA) of some traits in oil palm progeny was conducted at Kebun Surya Adi, PT. Bina Sawit Makmur, Sampoerna Agro, Ogan Komering Ilir, Sumatera Selatan, from July 2006 until September 2008. The research was arranged in alpha design with two replications, 50 progenies and 12 palms for each replication, respectively. The results showed that broad sense heritability estimates were high for mesocarp to fruit, oil to fresh mesocarp, and kernel to fruit content ratios, and β-carotene content; medium for bunch number and oil to bunch ratio; and low for fresh bunch and fruit to bunch ratio. The general combining ability (GCA) of bunch number, mesocarp to fruit, oil to fresh mesocarp, and kernel to fruit ratios and β-carotene content were highly significant. Similarly, the specific combining ability (SCA) of mesocarp to fruit, oil to fresh mesocarp, and kernel to fruit ratios and β-carotene content were also highly significant. Key words: Heritability, combining ability, Elaeis guineensis Jacq., alpha design, β-caroten