Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy)
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Potensi Hasil dan Mutu Beras Sepuluh Galur Harapan Padi untuk Lahan Rawa Pasang Surut
Get PDFBreeding programs to improve rice varieties for tidal swamp areas have successfully developed a number of promisingbreeding lines. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the performance of ten advance breeding lines in multilocationyield trials and to analyze grain quality of the lines. The lines and two check rice varieties, IR42 and Batanghari, wereevaluated in replicated yield trials in six different tidal swamp environments. Grain quality of these lines were analyzed todetermine physical and chemical properties of the milled and cooked rice. Result from multilocation yield trials showedthat the breeding lines had higher yield potential compared to popular variety IR42 and their yields were comparable tothe control variety Batanghari. The lines showed different adaptability against different environments; some of the linesdemonstrated wide adaptability while the others showed specific adaptation ability. All of the lines had good grain qualitywhile they had different shape and texture which made them potential to be accepted in different regions. The result fromthis study indicated that all of the lines have potential to be commercially cultivated in tidal swamp areas. In addition, dataobtained from this study have been used in the registration of three lines as new varieties for swampy area namely IPB 1RDadahup, IPB 2R Bakumpai and Inpara 6.Keywords: adaptation, grain quality, multilocation trial
Deteksi Dini Toleransi Padi Hibrida terhadap Kekeringan menggunakan PEG 6000
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to determine a selection method at early stage for drought tolerant hybrid rice. Theexperimental design was split plot with 3 replications. In the first experiment the main plot was concentration of PEG 6000consisting of control and concentration 25% of PEG 6000. The subplots were hybrid genotypes/varieties, i.e. BI485A/BP3,BI485A/BP5, BI485A/BP10, BI485A/BP12, BI485A/BP15, BI599A/BP5, BI599A/BP15, BI665A/BP6, Maro, Hipa 8, IR64and Limboto. In the second experiment the main plot was drought stress level which consisted of control and drought stressat 60% field capacity. The subplots were hybrid genotypes/varieties used in the first experiment. The results showed that PEG 6000 could be used to detect drought tolerant genotypes at early stage. Seedling dry weight was the major character for selecting drought tolerant genotypes. Genotypes BI485A/BP15 and BI559A/BP15 are tolerant to drought and can potentially be grown in rainfed lowland.Keywords: drought tolerant, early selection, hybrid rice, polyethylene glyco
The average productivity of upland rice is still relatively low. Therefore, it is necessary to improve agronomic characters related to grain yields, maturity, and their adaptation in dry land. The aims of this research were to evaluate agronomic traits, genetic parameters such as genetic and phenotype variance, heritability and G x E interaction of rice mutant lines derived from gamma irradiation treatment on upland rice. This research was conducted in Situbondo and Madiun, during rain season. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that DT15/11/KU and 1058/Cty mutant lines have higher yield compared with Situgintung (check variety). The grain yield per hectare from DT15/11/KU and 1058/Cty mutant lines were 7.76 ton ha-1and 7.18 ton ha-1respectively, with 12% of water content. Broad-sense heritability, genetic and phenotypic and environmental variances for agronomical traits such as filled grain per panicle, weight of 1,000 grain, yield per plot and yield per hectare were observed. The results showed that broad-sense heritability for weight of 1,000 grain was 94%, whereas other characters was less than 40%. Phenotypic variance was dominated by genetic variance for weight of 1,000 grain. Further selection for filled grain per panicle, yield per plot and yield per hectare needs to be conducted. G x E interaction and genotype were highly significant, whereas location variance was highly significant for filled grain and weight of 1,000 grains. Keywords: agronomic characters, broad-sense heritability, G x E interaction, genetic variance, upland rice
Get PDFThe average productivity of upland rice is still relatively low. Therefore, it is necessary to improve agronomic characters related to grain yields, maturity, and their adaptation in dry land. The aims of this research were to evaluate agronomic traits, genetic parameters such as genetic and phenotype variance, heritability and G x E interaction of rice mutant lines derived from gamma irradiation treatment on upland rice. This research was conducted in Situbondo and Madiun, during rain season. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that DT15/11/KU and 1058/Cty mutant lines have higher yield compared with Situgintung (check variety). The grain yield per hectare from DT15/11/KU and 1058/Cty mutant lines were 7.76 ton ha-1and 7.18 ton ha-1respectively, with 12% of water content. Broad-sense heritability, genetic and phenotypic and environmental variances for agronomical traits such as filled grain per panicle, weight of 1,000 grain, yield per plot and yield per hectare were observed. The results showed that broad-sense heritability for weight of 1,000 grain was 94%, whereas other characters was less than 40%. Phenotypic variance was dominated by genetic variance for weight of 1,000 grain. Further selection for filled grain per panicle, yield per plot and yield per hectare needs to be conducted. G x E interaction and genotype were highly significant, whereas location variance was highly significant for filled grain and weight of 1,000 grains. Keywords: agronomic characters, broad-sense heritability, G x E interaction, genetic variance, upland ric
Peran Hara N, P dan K pada Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Ratun Lima Genotipe Padi
Get PDFThe objective of the research was to determine the roles of fertilizers application in improving rice ratoons. Statistical design used was a factorial randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor was three levels of fertilizer rate (kg ha-1) i.e. 5 N + 27 P2O5; 45 N + 30 K2O; and 27 P2O5+30 K2O. The second factor was rice genotypes, i.e. Cimelati, Hipa-5 and Rokan varieties, and two lines of rice i.e. IPB106-7-47-DJ-1 and IPB106-F-8-1. The growth and production characters of main crops and ratoon were observed. The results showed that both genotypes and rates of fertilizer affected yield of ratoon. Following application of (kg ha-1) 45 N + 27 P2O5 three genotypes produced the highest ratoon, i.e. IPB106-7-47-DJ-1 and IPB106-F-8-1 lines and Rokan variety. Cimelati and Hipa-5 varieties produced higher number of ratoon with fertilizer rate (kg ha-1) 45 N + 30 K2O. Ratoon production of all genotypes ranged 38.1-56.6% of the main crop. This study clearly demonstrated that N, P and K fertilizer had important roles in increasing yield and yield components of rice ratoon. Keywords: fertilizer, productivity, rice genotypes, rice ratoo
Peanut Cultivar Differences in Yield Based on Source and Sink Characteristics
Get PDFThis research was conducted to determine peanut cultivar differences in sink and source sizes as represented by vegetative growth and yields. Two sets of experiments were conducted at Bogor Agricultural University farms, Sawah Baru and Cikarawang (06o33’, S, 106o45’E, 250 m altitude). Planting was conducted on June 12 and June 20, 2007 using 20 local and national cultivars in each location. Both experiments used randomized complete block design with three replications. Data were analyzed using correlation and regression analysis. Size of experimental unit was 1.6 m x 4.0 m, with planting density 125,000 plants ha-1. Urea, SP36 and KCl were applied at planting date in the rate of (kg ha-1) 45 N, 100 P2O5 and 50 K2O. Four stages of plant growth were studied: 25 days after planting (DAP); 6 weeks after planting (WAP); 10 WAP (pod filling) and 14 WAP (harvest). Five plants were sampled at 25 DAP, two plants at 6 WAP, 10 WAP and 14 WAP, and separated into leaves, stems, roots and pods. The average yield of two experimental stations showed that Biawak cultivar had the highest yield due to relatively higher aboveground dry weight (source), pod filling percentage and maximum number of gynophor+pods (potential sink). Jepara cultivar had the lowest yield due to low pod filling percentage and potential sink, although its source was considered to be in the medium category. Above ground dry weight at 6 and 10 WAP had close relation with Crop Growth Rate (CGR) during 25 DAP-6 WAP and 6-10 WAP, and the higher CGR during those periods were more related to leaf area index than to single leaf photosynthetic capacity. Keywords: crop growth rate, pod filling percentage, leaf area index, single leaf photosynthetic capacit
Metode Pengusangan Cepat untuk Pengujian Vigor Daya Simpan Benih Cabai (Capsicum annuumL.)
Get PDFThe ability of seed to maintain seed quality during storage is called seed vigor. Accurate method for seed vigor testing of pepper seeds is necessary to accurately determine seed storability during seed distribution. The aim of this research was to determine the best accelerated aging method (AAM) of pepper seed. Freshly harvested seeds of Capsicum annuumL., IPB C9 genotype were used in this study. The experiment used randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The experimental treatments were seed vigor testing methods i.e. natural deterioration test at room temperature in controlled humidity (RH 90-95%), and four AAM (hot water 60 ºC, methanol 20%, ethanol 20%, and high temperature at 40 ºC). The best method was selected using analysis of variance, coeficient of variance, regresion dan t student analysis. AAM using 20% methanol at periods of 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours was the best method of seed vigor testing for pepper seed. Keywords: accelerated aging, deterioration, ethanol, methanol, high temperatur
Respon Agronomi Varietas Padi terhadap Periode Kekeringan pada Sistem Sawah
Get PDFThe objective of this experiment was to identify the growth and production of rice varieties as responses to drought period in low land rice system. Rice plants were grown under plastic house in plots separated by massive walls. Drought periods were treated as main plots, i.e. water was supplied during 3, 6, and 9 weeks after rice transplanting, and control (cultivation without drought treatment). Rice varieties were used as sub plots, consisted of IR64 and Ciherang (low land improved varieties), IPB-3S (new plant type), Menthik Wangi (an aromatic local low land rice), Rokan (a hybrid rice), Way Apo Buru (amphibian type), Jatiluhur and Silugonggo (up land type). Our results showed that drought periods suppressed plant height, tiller number, spikelets length, weight of 1,000 grains, shoot dry weight and harvest index, and increased number of empty spikelets. Interaction between drought periods and rice varieties significantly affected productive tiller number, percentage of plants to flower, and grain weight per hill. Jatiluhur, Ciherang and Way Apo Buru still gave relatively high yields under drought stress indicated that those varieties were relatively tolerant to drought stress; Silugonggo and IPB-3S had medium tolerance to drought stress; IR64, Menthik Wangi and Rokan were the most sensitive varieties. Keywords: drought stress, drought tolerant, improved variety, local variet
Respon Pertumbunan Tanaman Kedelai terhadap Bradyrhizobium japonicum Toleran Masam dan Pemberian Pupuk di Tanah Masam
Get PDFThe use of acid tolerant rhizobacteria such as Bradyrhizobium japonicum is one effort for increasing soybeanproductivity in acid soil. B. japonicum is a N-fixing bacteria that can promote soybean growth through symbiosis with thehost plants. The objective of this study was to investigate the growth and production of soybean var. Wilis inoculated by B.japonicum and NPK inorganic fertilizer application in acid soil. Two isolates of B. japonicum that were BJ 11(19) and BJ11(wt) were used as inoculant for soybean. BJ 11(19) was resulted by transposons mutagenesis, whereas BJ 11(wt) is a wild type of bacteria. Both isolates of B. japonicum were acid tolerant. Soybean was inoculated with BJ 11(19) and BJ 11(wt)combined with compost and nitrogen fertilizer (with two rates). The field experiment was conducted at Cikabayan, Darmaga,in a randomized complete block design with 12 treatments and 3 replicates. The results showed that application of the acidtolerant B. japonicum BJ 11(wt), compost, and nitrogen fertilizer (10 g m-2) increased the plant height, dry weight of shootsand roots, nodule number, dry weight of nodules, nitrogenase activity, number of pod and seed, seed weight, and nitrogencontent of seeds in acid soil.Keywords: acid soil, acid tolerant rhizobia, Bradyrhizobium japonicum, compost, nitrogen fertilize
Evaluasi Penampilan dan Efek Heterosis Hasil Persilangan Beberapa Aksesi Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L.)
Get PDFAgronomic performance and heterosis effect of progeny are important criteria for selection of parental hybrid. Theagronomic performance evaluation of Jatropha progeny which was derived from crossing of some Jatropha accessions hasbeen carried out for those goals. The study was conducted at Agro Techno Park, Indralaya South Sumatra. The crossingcombinations were Pidie x Medan, Curup x Lampung, Pidie x Lampung, Lampung x Pidie, Curup x Medan, Indralaya xPontianak, Medan x Palembang, Curup x Pidie, and Jogya x Komering. Oil production, nitrate reductase enzyme activity,leaf chlorophyll content and relative plant growth rate were evaluated. The result showed that the relative plant growth ratecould be used as early detection parameter for yield potential. Progenies of Pontianak x Indralaya, Palembang x Indralayaand Pidie x Lampung were selected as promising hybrids based on high productivity and heterosis effect.Keywords: Jatropha curcas, heterosis, relative plant growth rate, nitrate reductase activit
Indikator dan Kriteria Seleksi pada Generasi Awal untuk Perbaikan Hasil Biji Kacang Hijau Berumur Genjah
Get PDFABSTRAKPerbaikan hasil kacang hijau dapat dilakukan melalui seleksi langsung maupun seleksi tak langsung berdasarkankriteria seleksi dari satu atau beberapa sifat kuantitatif sebagai indikator seleksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memilihindikator seleksi bagi hasil biji dan menentukan kriteria seleksi bagi indikator seleksi tersebut pada populasi generasi awalkacang hijau berumur genjah. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak tak lengkap berblok bersekat-tersarang 1-tahap.Analisis lintas dan regresi aditif serta genotipik masing-masing digunakan untuk memilih dan menentukan indikator seleksi dan kriteria seleksi. Hasil analisis pengaruh langsung memperlihatkan jumlah biji bernas dan umur berbunga merupakanindikator seleksi bagi hasil biji dengan kriteria seleksi 200 biji pada kisaran umur berbunga 40-46 hari, untuk memperolehhasil > 12 g tanaman. Sebaliknya, hasil analisis pengaruh tak langsung memperlihatkan tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabangdan lama hari panen dapat pula dimasukkan sebagai indikator seleksi. Kriteria seleksi bagi masing-masing indikator seleksiini adalah dua cabang dengan lama hari panen 16-20 hari dan tinggi tanaman sekitar 85 cm untuk menghasilkan 200 biji.Bila dipilih tanaman yang lebih pendek, kriteria seleksi tinggi tanaman 75-80 cm dapat digunakan, namun lama hari panenmenjadi 22-26 hari.-1Kata kunci: analisis regresi, analisis lintas, BLUP, seleksi generasi awa