Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy)
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Hasil Tebu Pertama dan Keprasan serta Efisiensi Penggunaan Hara N dan S akibat Substitusi Amonium Sulfat
Get PDFThis study was aimed to describe the substitution of ammonium sulfate (AS) with the other fertilizers containing theequal N and S to the cane and sugar yield and nutrient use efficiency of the plant and ratoon cane. A field experiment with arandomized complete block design and three replications was conducted on the dry land in two consecutive cropping seasonsof 2010 to 2011. There were 10 treatments consisting of three treatments tested using the AS fertilizer, three treatments usingAS substitute in the form of urea + gypsum, three treatments using AS substitute in the form of urea + gypsum + biocompostand a control treatment (without fertilizer). The results showed that for the plant cane, the highest cane yield was obtainedon the treatments using urea + gypsum, while the highest sugar content and yield on the treatment using urea + gypsum +biocompost with 140 kg N ha-1+168 kg S ha-1 rates. The highest nutrient use efficiency was obtained on the treatment using urea + gypsum 100 kg N ha-1+120 kg S ha-1 rates. For the ratoon cane, the highest cane yield, sugar content and yieldwere obtained in the treatment using urea + gypsum + biocompost. The highest nutrient use efficiency was obtained onthe treatment using urea + gypsum with 100 kg N ha-1+120 kg S ha-1 rates and urea + gypsum + biocompost with 140 kg Nha-1+168 kg S ha-1 rates. The range of the average increase in the nutrient use efficiency of substitution fertilizer between42-44% compared to the AS fertilizer. This results suggests AS fertilizer in sugarcane cultivation can be substituted with theother fertilizers which have equal N and S content.Keywords: AS fertilizer, AS substitution, cane and sugar yield, nutrient use efficienc
Keragaan Mutan Putatif Purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.) dari Benih Diiradiasi Sinar Gamma pada Tiga Ketinggian Tempat
Get PDFPruatjan (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.) is Indonesian endangered medicinal plant which grows endemically at mountainousarea. To broaden its planting area, an effort to develop low-altitude tolerant genotype of pruatjan had been conductedsince May 2007. Pruatjan seeds harvested from Gunung Putri experimental station (1,545 m asl) were treated with gammairradiation (0-5 krad) and germinated at Gunung Putri. Young seedlings were transplanted into small polybag (Ø 10 cm), anda month later they were moved into 10-kg medium of pot or polybag. Two months later, some of the young plants were moved to Cibadak experimental station (950 m asl) and Cicurug experimental station (550 m asl). All plants were maintained until flowered and produce seeds. The result shows that seeds from all of irradiation level treatments germinated and grew wellalthough the amount of seedlings decreased by the higher level of irradiation treatment. No phenotypic difference of plantsfrom irradiated seed compared with those from non irradiated ones (0 krad). Plants at Cibadak and Cicurug grew faster thanthose at Gunung Putri, and also flowered faster. On April 2008, seeds from 0, 1, 3 and 5 krad treated plant had germinatedat Cicurug, and those seedlings were the candidate genotypes for low-altitude tolerant of pruatjan.Keywords: induced mutation, low altitude tolerant, pruatjan, variabilit
Efisiensi Penggunaan Cahaya Matahari oleh Tebu pada Berbagai Tingkat Pemupukan Nitrogen dan Fosfor
Get PDFLight use efficiency is a crucial parameter in plant growth associated with accumulation of energy interception. Nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency reduce leaf area index (LAI) and specific leaf nitrogen and phosphorus (SLN and SLP) content and reduce efficiency of light intercepted by plant canopy structure. This research was conducted in Kebun Bunga Mayang PTPN VII, North Lampung Regency, Lampung Province (04050’S, 104052’E, 38 m above sea level) from July 2008 to September 2009. Treatments were distributed in the field under a randomized complete block design factorial with three replications. The increase in nitrogen fertilizer (N) improved sugarcane light use efficiency. The light use efficiency of the sugarcane plants fertilized with 225 kg N ha-1 was 2.29 g MJ-1 at maximum stem phase. On the contrary, the increasing of phosphor (P) fertilizer did not affect light use efficiency but increased stem dry matter at maximum seedling phase or about 3 month after planting (3 MAP), at maximum stem phase (9 MAP), and at harvest (11 MAP); total dry matter at seedling phase (5 MAP) and at maximum stem phase (9 MAP). Nitrogen did not interact with P in affecting light use efficiency. Keywords: fertilization N and P, interception radiation, light use efficiency, sugarcan
Pengembangan Kultur Mikrospora pada Varietas Padi Ladang Lokal Asal Kendari
Get PDFThe three Kendari local upland rice varieties i.e. Paedai Meeto, Pae Ikulaku and Pae Loio were studied for their ability to produce the embryogenic microspore and microspore callus from anther under high temperature stress pretreatments. The pretreatment was conducted by incubating the anther in a B medium at 33 oC in darkness for 0, 2, 4, and 7 days to induce the growth of embryogenic microspores. The formation of microspore calli was obtained by incubating the embryogenic microspores into the MO-19 embryo induction medium. Scoring was conducted on the percentage of: (1) embryogenic microspores, (2) symmetrical binucleat microspores, (3) multinucleate microspores, and (4) microspore calli or embryos. Each replication consisted of three hundred of individual microspores and every treatment was replicated in three times. The mean values of the data were analyzed by variance analysis, and the Fisher LSD mean separation at 0.05 of significance level were applied to judge the best treatments. The result showed that Pae Loio produced the higher frequency of embryogenic microspores after anther pretreatment in B medium for 4 days at 33 oC in darkness compared to other varieties. Culture of embryogenic microspore of Pae Loio in MO-19 medium over 30 days also produced the symmetrical binucleate and multinucleate microspores, and microspore calli at higher frequencies than those of other local varieties.Keywords: anther, calli, embryogenic microspores, high temperature pretreatment, upland ric
The development of biological products based on beneficial microorganisms could extend the range of options for maintaining the health and yield of crops. Rhizobacteria have been used for ‘promoting plant growth. The objectives of this research were to determine the best method of preplant seed treatment through seed conditioning with rhizobacteria which would be effective to improve yields and increase seed quality of hot pepper. This research was conducted in Agronomy Laboratory Haluoleo University and in the field of Wawotobi Seed Farm Centre of Southeast Sulawesi Province. Seed conditioning with rhizobacteria was effective in improving plant growth, yield and seed quality of hot pepper. However, the most effective treatment was the integration of sawdust seed matriconditioning with rhizobacteria Bacillus polymixaBG25. The seed treatment increased fruit total per plant to 51, compared with 26 in the control seeds. The treatment was also effective in increasing seed viability and vigor (germination percentage and vigor index) to 81% and 46% compared with 41% and 26% in the control seeds. Based on this experiment, rhizobacteria B. polymixaBG25 integrated with sawdust seed matriconditioning could be recommended as biofertilizer in improving yield and seed quality of hot pepper. Keywords: hot pepper, matriconditioning, rhizobacteria, sawdust, seed treatment
Get PDFThe development of biological products based on beneficial microorganisms could extend the range of options for maintaining the health and yield of crops. Rhizobacteria have been used for ‘promoting plant growth. The objectives of this research were to determine the best method of preplant seed treatment through seed conditioning with rhizobacteria which would be effective to improve yields and increase seed quality of hot pepper. This research was conducted in Agronomy Laboratory Haluoleo University and in the field of Wawotobi Seed Farm Centre of Southeast Sulawesi Province. Seed conditioning with rhizobacteria was effective in improving plant growth, yield and seed quality of hot pepper. However, the most effective treatment was the integration of sawdust seed matriconditioning with rhizobacteria Bacillus polymixaBG25. The seed treatment increased fruit total per plant to 51, compared with 26 in the control seeds. The treatment was also effective in increasing seed viability and vigor (germination percentage and vigor index) to 81% and 46% compared with 41% and 26% in the control seeds. Based on this experiment, rhizobacteria B. polymixaBG25 integrated with sawdust seed matriconditioning could be recommended as biofertilizer in improving yield and seed quality of hot pepper. Keywords: hot pepper, matriconditioning, rhizobacteria, sawdust, seed treatmen
Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhizaRoxb.) belongs to the family Zingiberaceae, has been empirically used as herbal medicines. The research was aimed to evaluate three promising lines of Temulawak based on their high bioactive contents (xanthorrhizol and curcuminoid) and its in vitro bioactivity (antioxidant and toxicity), and to obtain information on agrobiophysic environmental condition which produced high bioactive compounds. The xanthorrhizol and curcuminoid contents were measured by HPLC. In vitro antioxidant and toxicity were determined by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) method and BSLT (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test). The result showed that promising line A produced the highest yield of bioactive and bioactivity, i.e. 0.157 and 0.056 g plant-1of xanthorrizol and curcuminoid respectively. The IC50 of antioxidant activity was 65.09 mg L-1and LC50of toxicity was 69.05 mg L-1. In this study, Cipenjo had the best temulawak performance than two other locations. According to the agrobiophysic parameters, Cipenjo environmental condition was suitable for temulawak cultivation with temperature 28-34 ºC, rainfall ± 223.97 mm year-1 and sandy clay soil. Keywords: antioxidant, curcuminoid, promising lines, temulawak, xanthorrhizol
No full textTemulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhizaRoxb.) belongs to the family Zingiberaceae, has been empirically used as herbal medicines. The research was aimed to evaluate three promising lines of Temulawak based on their high bioactive contents (xanthorrhizol and curcuminoid) and its in vitro bioactivity (antioxidant and toxicity), and to obtain information on agrobiophysic environmental condition which produced high bioactive compounds. The xanthorrhizol and curcuminoid contents were measured by HPLC. In vitro antioxidant and toxicity were determined by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) method and BSLT (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test). The result showed that promising line A produced the highest yield of bioactive and bioactivity, i.e. 0.157 and 0.056 g plant-1of xanthorrizol and curcuminoid respectively. The IC50 of antioxidant activity was 65.09 mg L-1and LC50of toxicity was 69.05 mg L-1. In this study, Cipenjo had the best temulawak performance than two other locations. According to the agrobiophysic parameters, Cipenjo environmental condition was suitable for temulawak cultivation with temperature 28-34 ºC, rainfall ± 223.97 mm year-1 and sandy clay soil. Keywords: antioxidant, curcuminoid, promising lines, temulawak, xanthorrhizo
Inisiasi Tunas Ganda Tanaman Manggis Malinau melalui Kultur In Vitro untuk Perbanyakan Klonal
Get PDFMangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) is one of the most promising tropical fruits for export. The major constraint toincrease fruit production of the spesies is the long juvenile period. Seedless, sweet and juicy variety of mangosteen had beenfound in Malinau. In vitro propagation technique offers possibility to produce sufficient number of seedlings any time. Thisresearch was aimed at obtaining the appropriate media formula to enhance shoot proliferation. This research consisted ofshoot induction and multiplication and shoot elongation. The materials were the fresh mangosteen seeds from the Malinaumangosteen trees. The explant used in the trial was seeds which were divided into four slices. The use of 8 to 16 mg BA L-1combined with 0.2 mg thidiazuron L-1 resulted in the best shoot induction of 52 shoot buds per explant at the 6th week afterplanting with the mean height of 0.3 cm. Upon subculturing in to the similar media, the number of shoot tends to increase.For multiplication, low concentration of BA (2 to 4 mg L-1) and thidiazuron 0.05 mg L-1 were applied to increase the numbersof shoots. The total shoot number obtained in the media with 0.05 thidiazuron without BA was 11.25 and in the media with 2mg BA L-1 + 0.05 mg thidiazuron L-1 was 8.7 shoot explant-1. The result showed that the best media for shoot elongation wasMS + 1 mg BA L-1 + 2 mg kinetin L-1. The length of the shoots were in the range of 0.5-0.8 cm.Keywords: BA, Garcinia mangostana, in vitro culture, shoot multiplication, thidiazuro
Seed Coating with Biological Agent to Increace Plant Growth and Yield of Rice
Get PDFSeed quality is an important factor in rice production. Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is a seedborne disease of rice that cause serious yield losses in Indonesia. Experiments were conducted at the Laboratory of Rice Research Babakan, IPB, Bogor; Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology at IPB, Bogor; and the Laboratory of Seed PT. EWSI, Purwakarta, from April to August 2011. The objective of this research was to determine the effectiveness of coating Xoo contaminated rice seeds with biological agents on plant growth and crop yield. The experiments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with one factor (seed coating treatment),i.e. T0 = negative control, healthy seed; T1 = positive control, the seeds contaminated with Xoo; T2 = P. diminuta A6 and B. subtilis 5/B; T3 = alginate 3% + 1% peat + P. diminuta A6 and B. subtilis % 5/B; T4 = arabic gum 3% + 1% gypsum + P. diminuta A6 and B. subtilis 5/B; T5 = CMC 1.5% + 1% talc + P. diminuta A6 and B. subtilis 5/B, and T6 = bactericide streptomycin sulfat 4%. The results showed that seed coating treatment with with 3% alginate + 1% peat + P. diminuta A6 + B. subtilis 5/B was the best treatment based on the percentage of full and empty grain weight per panicle, and the percentage of number of full and empty grains per panicle
One of the causes of the low productivity of rice grown on peat soils was the high levels of of toxic phenolic compounds in the soil. Development of tolerant rice varieties is one of strategies to grow rice on peat soils. The aims of this research were to select rice varieties tolerant to peat soils and to study the correlation between the plant phenolic acid content with plant tolerance to peat soil. This research was conducted at the Seed Farm Centre Lubuk Minturun, Padang from February to July 2009. The research consisted of two experiments i.e. in peat soil and in mineral soil. The experiments used a completely randomized design using 21 varieties of rice as treatments which were replicated four times. The results showed that there were nine rice varieties categorized as tolerant to peat soil. These tolerant varieties showed higher stress tolerance index (STI), demonstrated by a high level of phenolic acids (coumaric, syringic, and ferulic) in the plant tissues. The STI value had positive correlation with the content of plant phenolic acids, thus the level of plant phenolic acids can be used as an indicator to determine tolerant rice varieties in peat soils. Keywords: peat soil, phenolic acids, tolerant rice, STI
Get PDFOne of the causes of the low productivity of rice grown on peat soils was the high levels of of toxic phenolic compounds in the soil. Development of tolerant rice varieties is one of strategies to grow rice on peat soils. The aims of this research were to select rice varieties tolerant to peat soils and to study the correlation between the plant phenolic acid content with plant tolerance to peat soil. This research was conducted at the Seed Farm Centre Lubuk Minturun, Padang from February to July 2009. The research consisted of two experiments i.e. in peat soil and in mineral soil. The experiments used a completely randomized design using 21 varieties of rice as treatments which were replicated four times. The results showed that there were nine rice varieties categorized as tolerant to peat soil. These tolerant varieties showed higher stress tolerance index (STI), demonstrated by a high level of phenolic acids (coumaric, syringic, and ferulic) in the plant tissues. The STI value had positive correlation with the content of plant phenolic acids, thus the level of plant phenolic acids can be used as an indicator to determine tolerant rice varieties in peat soils. Keywords: peat soil, phenolic acids, tolerant rice, ST
using complete randomized block design with three replications. The means from each plot were compared by using t-student’s test. Application of inorganic fertilizer resulted in a higher shoot production (at 6 week after planting) and a better quality leaves compared to other treatment. This research revealed that high quality waterleaf can be indicated by some criterias, i.e., higher content of primary metabolites (sugar and protein), secondary metabolites (phenolic, flavonoid, and chlorophyll), and antioxidant capacity (low IC50 value). Therefore, application of inorganic fertilizer in wet season is recommended to produce high yields and high quality water leaf. Keywords: sugar, protein, phenolic, flavonoid, DPPH
Get PDFusing complete randomized block design with three replications. The means from each plot were compared by using t-student’s test. Application of inorganic fertilizer resulted in a higher shoot production (at 6 week after planting) and a better quality leaves compared to other treatment. This research revealed that high quality waterleaf can be indicated by some criterias, i.e., higher content of primary metabolites (sugar and protein), secondary metabolites (phenolic, flavonoid, and chlorophyll), and antioxidant capacity (low IC50 value). Therefore, application of inorganic fertilizer in wet season is recommended to produce high yields and high quality water leaf. Keywords: sugar, protein, phenolic, flavonoid, DPP