Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy)
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Toleransi 20 Genotipe Tanaman Tomat terhadap Naungan
Get PDFABSTRACTLow light intensity is a limiting factor in the intercropping system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the production and fruit quality of 20 tomato genotypes under shading condition. This study was conducted at Cikabayan experimental station-University Farm of IPB from January to April 2013. The research was arranged in a nested design with three replicates. The main plot was shading intensity consisted of four levels, i.e., 0, 25, 50, and 75%, while the sub plot was 20 genotypes of tomato. Results of this study showed that the number and weight of fruit per plant under 25% shade were increased for most of the tested genotypes, while under 50% shade showed a high diversity among genotypes. Based on relative production under 50% shade, genotypes can be grouped into four, i.e: sensitive, tolerant, moderate, and shade-ecotype-like genotypes. 50% shade significantly affected total soluble solids and total titrated acid, but did not significantly the firmness of fruit of shade-ecotype-like genotypes.Keywords: intercropping, production, shade, qualit
Perlakuan Agens Hayati untuk Mengendalikan Hawar Daun Bakteri dan Meningkatkan Produksi Benih Padi Sehat
Get PDFABSTRACTThe research objectives were to evaluate biological agent treatments in controlling bacterial leaf blight (BLB) and increasing plant growth and seed production of rice. The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse and field using the same experimental design (randomized block design with two factors) and three replications. The first factor was seed treatments, i.e. negative control, positive control, streptomycin sulphate 0.2%, Pseudomonas diminuta + Bacillus subtilis, matriconditioning + streptomycin sulphate 0.2%, and matriconditioning + P. diminuta + B. subtilis. Spraying plants (second factor): untreated control, streptomycin sulphate 0.2%, biological agent F112, biological agent F198, and biological agent F57. In the greenhouse, matriconditioning + P. diminuta + B. subtilis improved seed germination, plant height, and plant dry weight. Spraying plants with biological agent F112 increased plant dry weight. Meanwhile, matriconditioning + P. diminuta + B. subtilis followed by spraying plants with biological agent F112 reduced the BLB severity. In the field, matriconditioning + P. diminuta + B. subtilis improved seedling dry weight. Matriconditioning + P. diminuta + B. subtilis and spraying plants with biological agents F112 controlled BLB and increased plant growth. However, all treatments were not able to increase healthy seed production.Keywords: matriconditioning, seed treatment, phyllosphere biological agents, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryza
Viabilitas Awal, Daya Simpan dan Invigorasi Benih Kemangi (Ocimum basilicum L.)
Get PDFABSTRACTBasil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is cultivated in many countries as vegetable crop, and as herbal medicine or pesticide for mosquito larvae, but there is limited information on its seed viability. Three experiments were conducted at Seed Science and Technology Laboratory Departement of Agronomy and Horticulture IPB from January to June 2011. Experiment one tested viability of basil seeds with different maturation obtained from different fruit maturity and drying treatment. Experiment two stored basil seed for 12 weeks in ambient condition and tested seed viability weekly. In experiment three, two seed lots that have been stored for 2 and 14 weeks in ambient condition were invigorated with GA3 1,000 ppm and KH2PO4 1.5% and light treatment 820 lux m-2. It was revealed that basil seed was physiologically mature at 44-49 days after flowering with 12.5% moisture content and low viability of 34.0%. After-ripening period of basil seed was two week where the seed viabilty increase to 56.7%. Seed viability did not significantly change during 12 weeks stored in ambient condition. Maximum viability of basil seed (64.34-66.52%) could be achieved by invigoration treatment with GA3 1,000 ppm and light treatment 820 lux m-2.Keywords: dormancy, germination, seed maturity, vegetable cro
Pergeseran Jenis Gulma Akibat Perlakuan Bahan Organik pada Lahan Kering Bekas Tanaman Jagung (Zea maysL.)
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to examine shifting of weeds species on upland previously planted with corn and treated with several organic matters. The experiment was conducted from August 2010 until January 2011, at Bakung Indralaya South Sumatera. Randomized complete block design was used with 7 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments were types of organic matters applied, consisted of planted Mucuna bracteata, planted Vigna unguiculata, compost of M. bracteata, compost of corn stalk, buried corn stalk, cow manure, and fallow. The plot size was 5 m x 20 m with 5 sampling plots. The sampling plot size was 1 m x 1 m each. The results showed that there were change in weeds composition after organic matter treatments. There were 18 species of weeds before treatments which were dominated by Panicum maximum, Eleusine indica, and Borreria laevis. After the organic matter treatments there were 22 weeds species, which classified into 17 genus and 11 families, floristically. The main weeds were Richardia brasiliensis, Borreria alata, and Eleusine indica. The weeds diversity index was less to medium with the point of 1.33 to 1.85. The community coefficient between before and after organic matter treatment was < 30% , while the average of communities coefficient between organic matter treatments above 75%.Keywords: diversity, organic matter, shifting species, weed
Induksi Tunas Ubi Kayu (Mannihot esculentaCrantz.) var. Adira 2 Secara In vitro
Get PDFThe research aim was to evaluate the effect of culture medium compositon and BAP concentration on growth and shoot multiplication of in vitro-grown cassava (Mannihot esculentaCrantz.) var. ‘Adira 2’. The experimental design was completely randomize design with two factors. The first factor was composition of basal medium including MS and ½ MS (half of macro and micro nutrients), and the second factor was concentration of BAP (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 3 ppm). The result showed that basal medium MS was the best medium to induce shoot multiplication of cassava var. ‘Adira 2’ with 1.27 shoots explant-1. BAP concentrations had no significant effect on some variables including number of shoot, leaf, node, and height of shoot. However, the BAP concentration affected the number of root explant-1. The control treatment medium (without BAP) showed the best growth of root with 1.95 roots explant-1. Keywords: cassava, BAP, MS medium, tissue cultur
Produksi dan Fisiologi Kedelai pada Kondisi Cekaman Kekeringan dengan Aplikasi Bradyrhizobium japonicum yang Diberi Penginduksi Genistein
Get PDFABSTRACTMutualism symbiosis between B. japonicum and soybean root is a complex case and managed by molecular signal exchange. Genistein is one of the main isoflavones in soybean root exudates which is responsive to nod gen induction in B. japonicum. Drought stress could give negative effect on the symbiosis. The aim of the research was to study the role of B. japonicum induced by genistein on production and physiological characters of soybean under drought stress. The experiment was conducted in a green house, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sumatera Utara, using a randomized complete block design with three factors. The first factor was genistein induction, consisted of with and without genistein. The second factor was B. japonicum inoculation consisted of without B. japonicum, isolate 1, isolate 2 and isolate 3. The third factor was soil water content condition, consisted of 40%, 60% and 80% of field capacity. The parameters observed were shoot dry weight, root dry weight, net assimilation rate, dry weight per plant, 50 seeds weight and proline content. The result showed that increasing drought stress conditions decreased shoot dry weight, root dry weight, net assimilation rate, effective nodules number, seeds dry weight per plant and 50 seeds weight. The result showed that as an inducer of B. japonicum in drought stress condition, genistein reduced the effects of water stress on root nodulation of soybean. Proline acts as osmoregulator for increasing tolerance to drought stress in plants.Keywords: drought, genistein, soybean, root nodulatio
Penampilan Fenotipik, Variabilitas, dan Heritabilitas 32 Genotipe Cabai Merah Berdaya Hasil Tinggi
Get PDFInformation of phenotypic performance, genetic variability and heritability estimation are very important to improve the yield of red pepper. The aims of this research was to obtain the information on the phenotypic performance, variability and heritability of 32 high yielding genotypes of red pepper. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design in which 32 genotypes of red pepper were used as a treatment. The results showed that the genotypes of BPH 0604, KRT 2, RMCK I, RMCK II, and UPKRT I 99 performed better than others in the fruit characters such as number of fruits per plant, number of fruit per plot, weight per fruit, fruit weight per plant, fruit weight per plot. The genetic and phenotypic variability were considerably wide for characters such as plant height, flowering time, stem diameter, leaf width, length of peduncle, petiole length, fruit diameter, number of fruits per plant, number of fruit per plot, and weight per fruit. Heritability estimation of plant height, flowering time, stem diameter, fruit diameter, number of fruits per plant, number of fruit per plot, weight per fruit, fruit weight per plant and fruit weight per plot were high.Keyword: Capsicum annuum, genetic material, high yielding variety, plant breedin
Pendinginan Zona Perakaran (Root Zone Cooling) pada Produksi Benih Kentang menggunakan Sistem Aeroponik
Get PDFHigh temperature is the major constraint to potato cultivation in the lowland for it causes stress and inhibit initiation of potato tuber. This study was designed to investigate the effects of root zone cooling upon seed potato production using aeroponics system in lowland wet tropical climates. Cultivation techniques used in this study was the aeroponics system with three cooling temperatures (10, 15, and 20 oC) and control (greenhouse room temperature). Plantlet of potato ‘Granola’ variety derived from tissue culture propagation were used. The results showed that the highest number of tuber and tuber weight that can be harvested up to 90 days after planting were obtained from cooling the root zone temperature at 10 °C with the average number of tuber 14.85 tubers plant-1and average weight of tubers 409.15 mg tuber-1. Plants grown at root zone cooling at 15 and 20 °C treatments produced lower number of tubers and lower tuber weight than at 10 oC, while plants grown at greenhouse temperature did not produce tubers.Keywords: cultivation techniques, Granola, high temperature, lowland tropical, potato tube
Pengaruh Perlakuan Invigorasi pada Benih Kedelai Hitam (Glycine soja) terhadap Vigor Benih, Pertumbuhan Tanaman, dan Hasil
Get PDFThe objective of this research was to improve seed vigor, plant growth, and productivity of black soybean through seed invigoration treatment. The experiment was arranged in split-plot design. As the main plot, there were two black soybean varieties (Detam-1 and Detam-2) and as the sub-plot there were seed invigoration treatments applied (untreated control, matriconditioning, biofertilizer, matriconditioning plus biofertilizer). Matriconditioning was conducted using ratio of seeds to carrier (rice hull charcoal) to water of 9:6:7 (w/w/v) for 12 h in ambient room. For biofertilizer treatment, biofertilizer (consists of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, fungicide-producing bacteria, and growth-regulator-producing endophytic bacteria) was applied just before planted by mixing seeds with 6.25 g biofertilizer (kg seeds)-1 and small amount of water. Matriconditioning plus biofertilizer was conducted by integrating the biofertilizer in matriconditioning. Results of the experiment showed that matriconditioning or matriconditioning plus biofertilizer improved germination percentage and rate of germination. Biofertilizer or matriconditioning plus biofertilizer improved vegetative growth. Although there was no significant effect of invigoration treatment on productivity, biofertilizer treatment produced seeds 15% higher than control, and matriconditioning treatment produced seeds 13% higher than control. Viability and vigor of harvested seeds were not affected by invigoration treatments, however, Detam-2 had higher viability and vigor than Detam-1 based on germination percentage, index vigor, and rate of germination. Keywords: biofertilizer, matriconditioning, rice hull charcoal, seed quality ABSTRA
Pembentukan Embrio Endospermik Sekunder Mangga (Mangifera indica L.) Gedong Gincu Klon 289
Get PDFABSTRACTThe improvement of Mangifera indica L. by conventional breeding approaches has been confounded by the long generation cycle, low fruit set, single seed per fruit and high degree of cross pollination. Biotechnology complements conventional breeding and expedite the mango improvement programs. Endosperm culture is a direct method to produce triploid plants. This study aimed to obtain embryo from endosperm culture. The system of secondary somatic embriogenesis in mango described here represents a source of embryogenic material may be used for mass propagation and genetic manipulation of this crop. The method consisted of induction, proliferation, maturation, germination, and histological analysis of the obtaimed embryos. A protocol for plantlet regeneration was developed for Gedong Gincu mango clone 289 through secondary somatic embryogenesis. Primary somatic embryos (proembryo and cotyledonary embryos) were cultured in induction medium to induce the secondary somatic embryos. The best proliferation rate was 0.22 in medium with 1 g L-1 Poly Vinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP) for multiplication of secondary somatic embryos. Maturation of inoculum derived from the proliferation medium supplemented with 2 g L-1 of activated charcoal on medium containing 0.4 mg L-1 BAP provides the average 2.39 embryo formation of cotyledonari phase. The highest germination frequency (20%) was obtained in media with GA3 1.5 mg L-1.Keywords: endosperm, Gedong Gincu, Mangifera indica L, secondary endospermic embri