Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy)
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Perubahan Fisik, Fisiologi dan Biokimia Selama Pemasakan Benih dan Studi Rekalsitransi Benih Kemiri Sunan
Get PDFABSTRACTThe aims of this research on Reutealis trisperma seed were to know 1) seed harvest maturity level based on physiological and biochemical changes; and 2) seed recalcitrancy based on critical moisture content and storability in two storage temperatures. The research was conducted at Leuwikopo Seed Science and Technology Laboratory, from February 2012 to January 2013. There were three experiments, i.e. I. Effect of seed maturity level on seed viability and vigor (randomized completely block design, 3 seed maturity level, 3 replications); II. Determination of seed critical moisture content, used two methods, i.e. 1) fan drying and 2) air drying (completely randomized design in each drying methods, 3 replications); III. Effect of temperature and period of storage on seed viability and vigor (nested design, first factor was 2 storage temperature and the second factor was 7 storage periods, 3 replications). The result showed that seed physiological maturity achieved in 28 weeks after flowering with morphological criteria were brownish fruit, soft fruit exocarp, brown seed testa; physiological criteria was germination percentage 76-80% and biochemical criteria was carotenoid content 0.62 µmol(g FW)-1. Carotenoid content can be used as biochemical indicator to determine fruit maturity and significantly correlated with moisture content, seed dry weight and germination percentage. Critical moisture content were 8.2-10.9%. These data suggested that seeds could be classified as intermediate. R. trisperma seeds could be stored for three weeks in temperature 19-28 oC and RH 50-70%, with 12% moisture content used polypropilen plastic bag Keywords: carotenoid, critical moisture content, desiccation, Reutealis trisperm
Analisis Dialel untuk Pendugaan Parameter Genetik Komponen Hasil pada Cabai (Capsicum annuum L.) menggunakan Metode Hayman
Get PDFABSTRACTThe diallel cross analysis method was developed to obtain genetic information involved in a population formed closely to Hardy-Wienberg equilibrium. The objective of this research was to study the genetic parameters on yield component of crossing on big and curly species of red pepper using Hayman approach for dialel cross-analysis method. This approach used 6 parental genotypes and 30 full-diallel cross combinations F1 hybrids. Appearance of the character was controlled by one up to two groups of positive additive genes. Each character observed has a partial dominance. Dominant genes were found much more in the parental characters of weight per plant (IPBC120), flesh thickness of fruit (IPBC2), fruit diameter (IPBC159), and fruit length (IPBC2). The broad sense heritability values on each character was high. Whereas, narrow sense heritability value for some characters were also high, except for character of weight per plant which were moderate.Keywords: additive effects, dominant effects, gene, heritabilit
Analisis Daya Gabung Galur-Galur Jagung Tropis di Dua Lokasi
Get PDFThe objective of this research was to analyze the combining ability of nine tropical maize lines from PT. BISI International, Tbk’s collections across two locations. The research used a complete diallel mating design according to Griffing’s method 1. Randomized completely block design was used as an experimental design with three replications in each location, Kediri and Nganjuk, East Java. Result of the combining ability analysis revealed that location effect was significant for all traits. Additive gene effects were more important in controlling plant height, ear length, ear diameter and 1,000-grain weight while non-additive gene effects were more important in controlling days to harvest, ear weight per plot and yield potency. Good combiners across locations for days to harvest were Sr-1#247 and Sr-1#086. Sr-1#001 and Loe#187; Pron#077 and Loe#057; Pron#142 and Loe#187; Loe#187 and Loe#057; Sr-1#001 and Loe#187 were a good combiners for ear length, ear diameter, 1,000-grain weight, ear weight per plot and yield potency, respectively. Best specific combinations for several important traits were generated from parent lines with high x low GCA. Sr-1#001xLoe#055; Loe#187xLoe#055 and Loe#057xLoe#055 were the best for ear weight per plot and yield potency.Keywords: combining ability, diallel, G x E interaction, tropical maiz
Pertumbuhan, Hasil, dan Mutu Biji Kedelai dengan Pemberian Pupuk Organik dan Fosfor
Get PDFABSTRAKKedelai adalah tanaman yang membutuhkan fosfor (P) lebih banyak untuk pembentukan bijinya dibandingkan denganleguminosa lain. Fosfor merupakan faktor pembatas utama di daerah tropis karena sering difiksasi oleh aluminium danbesi. Salah satu upaya meningkatkan kesuburan tanah adalah melalui penambahan bahan organik dan manajemen fosfor.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari pengaruh pupuk organik dan fosfor terhadap pertumbuhan, hasil dan mutubiji kedelai. Percobaan dilakukan mulai April sampai September 2011 berupa percobaan pot (isi 10 kg tanah kering udara)menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak dua faktor. Faktor pertama adalah pupuk organik yang terdiri atas tigajenis, yaitu kotoran sapi, tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS), dan blotong, masing-masing dengan dosis 180 g tanamandan tanpa pupuk (kontrol). Faktor ke-2 adalah dosis P yang terdiri atas 4 taraf, yaitu 0, 0.45, 0.90, dan 1.35 g Ptanaman. Pupuk P tidak berpengaruh nyata pada seluruh peubah amatan, sedangkan pupuk organik berpengaruh nyata.Kompos blotong meningkatkan jumlah bintil akar efektif (77.0%), bobot kering akar (94.7% ), bobot kering biji (50.3%),dan kandungan protein biji (0.9%) dibandingkan tanpa pemberian. Kandungan lemak biji kedelai meningkat 4.2% denganpemberian blotong atau TKKS. Bobot kering tajuk tertinggi diperoleh pada pemberian kompos blotong dan pupuk P dengandosis 0.45 g tanaman-1-1.Kata kunci: blotong, Glycine max, kotoran sapi, tandan kosong kelapa sawit, lemak kedelai, protein kedela
Seed Coating Sebagai Pengganti Fungsi Polong pada Penyimpanan Benih Kacang Tanah
Get PDFABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari alternatif pengganti fungsi polong dalam melindungi viabilitas benih kacangtanah selama penyimpanan, sehingga dapat menekan volume dan bobot dalam penyimpanan dan distribusi. Penelitiandilakukan pada benih kacang tanah varietas Kelinci. Percobaan dilaksanakan dengan rancangan petak terbagi. Petakutama adalah periode simpan, yaitu 0, 4, 7, 10, 13, dan 16 minggu. Anak petak adalah perlakuan pelapisan benih, yangterdiri atas benih dalam polong, benih kupas tanpa coating, benih kupas dengan coating arabic gum, coating arabic gum+ 0.5 g benomil L, coating arabic gum + 100 ppm, 150 ppm, dan 200 ppm tepung kurkuma, coating arabic gum + asamaskorbat 150 ppm, 250 ppm, dan 350 ppm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan coating + 0.5 g benomil L-1 danperlakuan coating + 350 ppm asam askorbat mampu mempertahankan daya berkecambah dan indeks vigor terbaik selamapenyimpanan. Kedua perlakuan tersebut nyata memberikan nilai indeks vigor yang lebih baik (setelah disimpan selama 16minggu, masing-masing memiliki nilai indeks vigor 40.2% dan 45.8%) dibandingkan perlakuan benih kupas tanpa coating(32.9%) dan perlakuan penyimpanan benih dalam polong (28.2%).Kata kunci: Arachis hypogaea L., pelapisan benih, penyimpanan benih, viabilitas beni
Perlakuan Benih untuk Meningkatkan Mutu dan Produksi Benih serta Mengendalikan Penyakit Bulai pada Jagung Manis
Get PDFABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan benih untuk meningkatkan mutu dan produksi benihserta mengendalikan penyakit bulai pada jagung manis. Galur jagung manis 06 digunakan pada percobaan di rumah plastikyang disusun berdasarkan rancangan acak lengkap satu faktor, yaitu 13 perlakuan benih. Percobaan di lapangan disusunberdasarkan rancangan petak terbagi dengan dua faktor. Faktor pertama merupakan galur jagung yang terdiri atas duagalur yaitu galur 06 dan 07, dan faktor kedua merupakan perlakuan benih yang terdiri atas 7 perlakuan. Matriconditioningmenggunakan rasio benih : arang sekam : pelarut = 3:0.5:1 (g) dalam botol tertutup dan ditempatkan pada ruangan bersuhu20±2 C selama 24 jam. Fungisida sintetik yang digunakan mengandung metalaksil dan dimethomorf. Agen hayati yangdigunakan adalah Bacillus megaterium dan Brevibacillus laterosporus. Hasil percobaan di rumah plastik dan lapanganmenunjukkan bahwa perlakuan fungisida sintetik paling efektif menekan penyakit bulai. Percobaaan di lapangan menunjukkanbahwa galur 07 lebih tahan terhadap penyakit bulai dibanding galur 06. Perlakuan matriconditioning + fungisida sintetik+ B. laterosporus pada galur 07 menghasilkan bobot tongkol per tanaman paling tinggi. Perlakuan matriconditioning +fungisida sintetik + B. laterosporus pada galur 06 mampu meningkatkan mutu fisiologis benih hasil panen.Kata kunci: Bacillus megaterium, Brevibacillus laterosporus, matriconditioning, Peronosclerospora maydi
Perkecambahan dan Pematahan Dormansi Benih Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.)
Get PDFAndaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) adalah tanaman rempah liar yang dijumpai di Sumatera Utara. Benihandaliman sulit berkecambah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari perkecambahan benih andaliman dan pematahandormansi benih andaliman. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak dengan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri atas enam perlakuan, yaitu: 1) benih tanpa perlakuan pematahan dormansi sebagai kontrol; 2) benihdirendam dengan air hangat 60 C dan dibiarkan hingga dingin selama 24 jam; 3) benih direndam dengan air hangat60 ooC dan dibiarkan hingga dingin selama 24 jam dan air diganti; 4) benih direndam KNO3 0.6 g L selama 24 jam; 5) benihdirendam KNO3 0.6 g L-1 selama 24 jam dan larutan diganti; 6) benih direndam KNO3 1 g L-1-1 selama 24 jam dan larutandiganti. Perkecambahan benih andaliman relatif lama dan bervariasi, berkisar 21-99 hari setelah pengecambahan (HSP). Laju perkecambahan benih andaliman tertinggi terjadi pada 40-90 HSP, dan menurun setelah itu. Perlakuan pematahandormansi tidak meningkatkan persentase perkecambahan dan tidak mempercepat perkecambahan benih andaliman.Perlakuan benih disiram dengan air hangat 60 C dan dibiarkan hingga dingin selama 24 jam, dan air diganti menghasilkanpersen perkecambahan 36.25% pada 63.31 HSP sehingga potensial meningkatkan daya berkecambah benih andaliman.Kata kunci: KNO3o, perlakuan benih, perkecambahan, rempa
Peran Bakteri Penambat Nitrogen untuk Mengurangi Dosis Pupuk Nitrogen Anorganik pada Padi Sawah
Get PDFABSTRACTThe availability of nitrogen in soil is one of the limiting factors to support growth and rice productivity. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria have ability to utilize air nitrogen so it becomes available in the soil. The use of nitrogen-fixing bacteria could potentially reduce application of nitrogen fertilizer. The aim of the experiment was to determine the role of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in reducing inorganic N fertilizer on lowland rice. The research was conducted in April-August 2012 at the plastic house of Babakan Sawah Baru Experimental Station, IPB. The experiment was arranged in randomized block design with two factors, namely nitrogen fertilizer and type of bacteria. The dosage of N fertilizer (urea), i.e. 0, 50, 75 and 100 kg N ha-1. The types of bacteria, i.e. without bacteria, Azotobacter-like, Azospirillum-like, and consortium. The result of the experiment showed that N fertilization significantly affected to all variables except the percentage of empty grains per panicle, 1,000 grain weight, and N content of plant. The types of bacteria significantly affected to root dry weight, number of filled grain per panicle, greenness of leaf, uptake and content of nitrogen (shoot and grain), grain weight per plot. Consortium of bacteria were capable to reduce 25% the use of inorganic N fertilizer from recommendation doses (100 kg N ha-1) that based on the value of agronomic effectiveness.Keywords: Azospirillum-like, Azotobacter-like, consortium of bacteri
Pola Akumulasi Prolin dan Poliamin Beberapa Aksesi Tanaman Terung pada Cekaman Kekeringan
Get PDFABSTRACT Drought stress is one of the major limiting factors for plant growth and production. Therefore, the mechanism of drought tolerance is important to be studied. Eggplant (Solanum spp.) is relatively tolerant to drought stress compared to other member of Solanaceae family. The objective of this study was to study the mechanism of drought tolerance in eggplant related to accumulation pattern of proline and polyamines. Seven eggplant accessions were drought stressed for 21 days and rewatered for the following next 7 days. Drought stress treatment significantly decreased the soil water content and reduced plant height of all accessions. Eggplant responded the drought stress by reducing stomatal density and stomatal opening to reduce transpiration rate. Drought stress also induced proline and polyamine (PA) accumulation in the leaf tissues. These accumulations started at 14-days after drought stress period when soil water content less than 20% and reached their peaks at 21 days after drought stress. The highest level of proline (134.70 μmol g-1) and that of putrescine (20.836 ng g-1) could be used as indicators for eggplant drought stress condition. Keywords: physiological responses, polyamine (PA), proline, putrescine, stomat
Uji Cepat Toleransi Tanaman Padi terhadap Cekaman Rendaman pada Fase Vegetatif
Get PDFABSTRACTThe major constraint of rice cultivation in the flood-prone area is the lack of tolerant varieties. A rapid screening method have to be developed under controlled environments, such as a green house, to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the selection under submergence condition. The aim of this research was to study the correlation beetween selection methods in greenhouse and in the field. This experiment was conducted at a green house of Muara Experimental Station, Bogor in 2011/2012. The experimental designs used were randomized complete design for greenhouse experiment and randomized complete block design for field experiment, with three replicates respectively. There were four sub-experiments in the greenhouse experiment, grouped based on seedling age (10 days and 35 days after seeding) and duration of submergence (10 days and 14 days). Those sub-experiments in the green house were compared with the experiment in the field. The results showed that there was strong correlation between recovery percentage in the green house and percentage recovery in the field. The same correlation indeed happen between recovery percentage in the green house to grain yield. Complete submergence at 10-day-old seedlings in green house could be developed as rapid selection method for submergence tolerant rice.Keywords: aciotic stress, correlation, flooding, Oryza sativ