Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy)
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Potensi dan Stabilitas Hasil, serta Adaptabilitas Galur-galur Padi Gogo Tipe Baru Hasil Kultur Antera
Get PDFABSTRACTThe objectives of the research were to obtain information on yield potential, adaptability and stability of the upland rice lines. Ten lines and two cultivars were planted at five different locations in November 2010-March 2011. In each location, the experimental design was randomized complete block design with four replications. Observation was done on grains weight per hectar. The results showed that FM1R-1-3-1 achieved the highest productivity (5.65 ton ha-1). Genotype FG1R-36-1-1 was classified as stable genotype by four yield stability analysis as followed: Francis-Kannenberg, Finlay-Wilkinson, Eberhart-Russell and AMMI. Genotypes FG1-70-2-1, FG1R-30-1-5, FG1R-30-1-4 and FG1R-30-1-3 were classified as stable genotypes by three yield stability analysis: Finlay-Wilkinson, Eberhart-Russell and AMMI. AMMI analysis showed that FG1-6-1-2, FG1-65-1-2, FG1R-30-1-1, FM1R-1-3-1, Fat-4-1-1, Situ Bagendit and Towuti as specific genotypes in certain environment.Keywords: dynamic, new plant type, specific, static, yiel
Metode Deteriorasi Terkontrol untuk Pendugaan Daya Simpan Benih Kedelai
Get PDFABSTRACTPhysiological quality of soybean seeds was easily deteriorated during storage. The objectives of the research were to determine controlled deterioration test which could be used to evaluate soybean seed viability and to find the appropriate controlled deterioration test for estimating storability of soybean seed. The research was conducted at the quality control laboratory PT. BISI International, Tbk., Kediri since October 2012 until February 2013. The completely randomized design with four replications was used in the experiment by moisture content and deterioration periods as treatment. The results showed that the controlled deterioration periods to evaluate two varieties of soybean seed were same for 16 hours at 17.5% moisture content for Wilis and 15% moisture content for Detam-1. The result also showed that there were significant correlations between controlled deterioration values with actual values from 16 weeks storage periods, indicating controlled deterioration test periods could estimate storage periods. Verification of seed vigor relation to storability model showed there were no significant differences between germination and speed of germination between controlled deterioration and actual values. Simulation of soybean seed storability model with germination percentage after controlled deterioration as input variables could predict the storage periods.Keywords: Glycine max, rapid ageing, seed modelling, seed vigour, vigour inde
Non Paramectric Stability Analysis for Yield of Hybrid Chili Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Across Six Different Environments
Get PDFABSTRACTThe objectives of this study were to evaluate several chili pepper hybrids whith high yielding character and stable at six environments based on some non-parametric stability analyses, and to study the correlation among the stability of non-parametric methods. The hybrid of chili pepper (7 candidates varieties and 5 commercial hybrid cultivars) were grown in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications in 6 different environments. Ten nonparametric stability methods were used to identify the stable genotypes. According to the SI(3), RS, NPi(1), NPi(2), NPi(3) and NPi(4) stability parameters, Imperial was the most stable hybrid. According to the SI(1), SI(2) and TOP stability parameters and yield, IPB CH3 was the most stable hybrid. In this study, the high TOP values were associated with the yield. Nonetheless, the results of the other non parametric (SI(6), NPi(3) and NPi(4)) were negatively correlated to the yield. The results also revealed that based on the non parametric stability test, the results could be classified into 2 groups, according to the agronomic and biological stabilities. Keywords: chili pepper, environment, non-parametric stability, yiel
Laju Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Jintan Hitam (Nigella sativa L.) dengan Aplikasi Pupuk Kandang Sapi dan Fosfat Alam
Get PDFABSTRACT Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) is a medicinal plant and spices belongs to the Ranunculaceae family. Black cumin seed contains some secondary compounds and rich in nutrition that are beneficial to health. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of organic fertilizer rates on plant growth and production of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.). This research was conducted at Manoko Lembang, Bandung Barat from October 2012 to January 2013. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatment consists of two factors, i.e. cow manure and rates of rock phosphate. Rates of cow manure applied were 0, 10, 20, and 30 ton ha-1, and rates of rock phosphate were 0, 40, 80, and 120 kg P2O5 ha-1. The results showed that cow manure increased plant height, leaf number, branch number, flower number, fresh weight and dry weight of branch, leaf and total plant weight. Rock phosphate fertilizer increased leaf area and leaf area index of plant. Fertilizers that can efficiently increase production was 10 tons cow manure ha-1 and 40 kg P2O5 ha-1.Keywords: cow manure, growth, Nigella sativa L, production, rock phosphat
Respon Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) terhadap Cekaman Kekeringan di Lahan Pasir Pantai pada Tahun Pertama Siklus Produksi
Get PDFABSTRACTDevelopment of Jatropha, an important tropical biofuel crop, to coastal sandy soil is an urgent situation due to more limited of fossil fuel in one side, and high potency of coastal sandy land that has not been utilized yet. Tolerant and sensitive genotypes of Jatropha were treated with drought stress using watering interval, and their responds on the vegetative growth and yield were studied in this reasearch. Drought stress significantly decreased all vegetative growth parameters observed, except the number of branch. Different jatropha genotypes had different number of branch, number of leaf, root surface area, total of root length, root diameter, plant dry weight, shoot root ratio and light absorption. IP-1A genotype had the highest yield, i.e 33.54 g of dry seed plant-1 (equal to 0.15 ton ha-1), in the first year.Keywords: biofuel, sand, waterin
RNAi dari Fragmen 3’UTR Gen Penyandi H+ -ATPase Membran Plasma Melastoma malabathricum L. dapat Menghambat Pertumbuhan Tanaman Tersebut
Get PDFThe RNA silencing technique is an effective tool to examine the biological function of the target mRNA in plants. The recent development of GATEWAYTM cloning technology makes it easy to construct the RNAi vectors with trigger sequences and to analyze the function of a target gene. The objective of this research was to construct RNAi including the 3’UTR fragment of the gene coding plasma membrane H+-ATPase from Melastoma malabathricumL., 3’UTRMmpma. RNAi vector had been successfully constructed using GATEWAYTM cloning technology with the 3’UTRMmpma was used as double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) trigger sequence, pENTRTM/D-TOPO®as entry vector, and pANDA plasmid as destination vector. RNAi had been successfully introduced into M. malabathricumL. mediated by A. tumefaciensEHA101 to analyze the function of Mmpma gene in the detoxifying Al stress. Based on the test of transgenic plants tolerance to Al stress showed that in the nutrient solution including 3.2 mM Al (AlCl3.6H2O), the transgenic plants underwent growth suppression especially roots and leaves, whereas non-transgenic plants underwent growth normally. It showed that suppression of Mmpmagene expression by RNAi to M. malabathricumL. caused the plant became sensitive to Al.Keywords: 3’UTRMmpma, A. tumefaciens, Al stress, RNAi vecto
Optimasi Pengeringan Benih Jagung dengan Perlakuan Prapengeringan dan Suhu Udara Pengeringan
Get PDFABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi pengeringan benih jagung melalui pengembangan rancangan sistempengeringan dan melakukan kombinasi perlakuan prapengeringan dengan suhu udara pengeringan untuk mendapatkan mutubenih yang maksimum. Prapengeringan dapat dilakukan dengan cara menghembuskan udara suhu kamar menggunakanmesin blower dan dilakukan sebelum benih jagung diberikan perlakuan udara panas. Penelitian terdiri atas 3 tahap, yaitu(1) Perancangan sistem pengeringan, (2) Optimasi pengeringan benih jagung, dan (3) Analisis ekonomi. Kegiatan pertamaterdiri atas 2 tahap, yaitu pembuatan dan pengujian mini box dryer. Optimasi pengeringan benih jagung terdiri atas 2 faktorperlakuan, yaitu prapengeringan (0, 12, 24, dan 36 jam), dan suhu udara pengeringan (40, 45, 50, dan 55 °C), menggunakanrancangan kelompok lengkap teracak dengan 3 ulangan. Analisis mutu fisik dan fisiologis dilakukan untuk mendapatkanperlakuan yang mampu menghasilkan benih dengan kualitas baik. Analisis ekonomi dilakukan untuk mengetahui perlakuanyang memiliki B/C Ratio paling tinggi. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi perlakuan prapengeringan 36jam dan suhu udara pengeringan 50 °C merupakan perlakuan optimum pada pengeringan benih jagung, karena mampu menghasilkan benih dengan kualitas baik dan memiliki B/C Ratio paling tinggi.Kata kunci: mini box dryer, optimasi pengeringan benih, prapengeringan, suhu udara pengeringa
Induksi Embriogenesis Somatik dari Jaringan Endosperma Jeruk Siam (Citrus nobilis Lour.) cv Simadu
Get PDFABSTRACTTriploid plants can be obtained from endosperm tissues through somatic embryogenesis regeneration. This research aimed to obtain somatic embryogenesis regeneration technique of tangerine endosperm. There were 3 experiments conducted in this research: 1) Embryogenic callus induction of tangerine endosperm. Endosperms isolated from fruits that were harvested from mother plants 11-13 weeks after anthesis and cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium by modified vitamin Morel and Wetmore (MW) which treated by 0.1 mg L-1 biotin, 500 mg L-1 malt extract (ME), 500 mg L-1 Casein hydrolisate (CH), 500 mg L-1 ME + 0.1 mg L-1 biotin, and 500 mg L-1CH + 0.1 mg L-1 biotin, 2) Maturation and germination of somatic embryos conducted by embryogenic callus cultured on MS medium by vitamin MW modified with addition of ABA, glutamine, and biotin, and 3) Plantlet elongation conducted on MS medium modified by MW vitamin with addition of GA3 and Kinetin. The best induction medium for embryogenic callus was modified MS enriched with 3 mg L-1 BA and 500 L-1 CH or ME, in succession 84.0 and 80.0%. The best medium for somatic embryos maturation with normal morphological plantlets (54.8%) was modified MS medium without plant growth regulator with higher rate of solidified agent (from 2.5 to 3 g L-1 Phytagel). Plantlets elongation was highly (0.9 cm) occurred on modified MS with enriched of 2.5 mg L-1 GA3. Keywords: Citrus nobilis (Lour.), endosperm culture, in vitro, Simadu tangerin
Daya Gabung Hasil dan Komponen Hasil Tujuh Galur Jagung Manis di Dua Lokasi
Get PDFABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis daya gabung tujuh galur jagung manis koleksi PT. BISI International,Tbk di dua lokasi menggunakan persilangan dialel lengkap berdasarkan Griffing metode 1. Penelitian ini menggunakanrancangan kelompok lengkap teracak (RKLT) tiga ulangan, dengan lokasi pengujian di Malang, Jawa Timur dan Magelang,Jawa Tengah. Pengaruh resiprok tidak nyata pada semua karakter, memberikan indikasi bahwa semua karakter dipengaruhioleh gen-gen yang terdapat di inti. Interaksi DGUxL berpengaruh nyata pada karakter hasil panen dan diameter tongkol,memberikan indikasi bahwa galur yang memiliki kemampuan bergabung yang baik di satu lokasi belum tentu memberikanhasil yang sama di lokasi yang lain. Interaksi DGKxL tidak berpengaruh nyata pada semua karakter, sehingga seleksicukup dilakukan di satu lokasi. Pengaruh aksi gen non-aditif lebih besar terhadap pewarisan sifat di semua karakter. GalurDMSG781 (D) merupakan penggabung umum yang baik untuk karakter hasil panen, galur DMSE711 (E) untuk karakterdiameter tongkol serta galur DMST531 (B) dan DMSF11 (G) untuk karakter panjang tongkol. Nilai DGK yang tinggi padaumumnya dihasilkan dari tetua dengan DGU tinggi x DGU rendah kecuali untuk karakter panjang tongkol. Kombinasipersilangan DMST531 (B)xDMSK5 (C) memiliki DGK terbaik untuk karakter hasil panen, DMSC499 (A)xDMSS491 (F)untuk panjang tongkol dan DMSS491 (F)x DMSF11 (G) untuk diameter tongkol.Kata kunci : daya gabung, jagung manis, persilangan diale
KNO 3 Application Affect Growth and Production of Amorphophallus muelleri Blume
Get PDFABSTRAKPemberian larutan KNO3 diduga dapat meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman iles-iles (Amorphophallus muelleriBlume). Penelitian bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh pemberian larutan KNO terhadap produktivitas A. muelleri. Umbiutuh umur satu tahun dengan bobot 100-125 g ditanam dalam polibag yang ditempatkan di bawah naungan paranet 50%pada musim hujan (September 2010-April 2011) di Bogor, Indonesia. Lima taraf larutan KNO3 yaitu 0, 2, 4, 6 dan 8% (b/v)diberikan melalui daun dan melalui tanah. Larutan diberikan 2 kali sebulan mulai 12 minggu setelah tanam (MST). Hasilmenunjukkan bahwa pemberian KNO3-13 nyata mempengaruhi pertumbuhan tanaman, khususnya meningkatkan jumlah daundan memperpanjang masa vegetatif. Pemberian KNO pada taraf 4% memberikan pengaruh tertinggi jika diberikan melaluidaun. Pemberian KNO33 taraf 4% memberikan pertumbuhan yang lebih tinggi jika diberikan melalui daun dibandingkanmelalui tanah. Secara umum, tidak ada pengaruh nyata pada pertumbuhan tanaman akibat pemberian dosis KNO yangdiberikan melalui tanah. Penelitian berimplikasi bahwa pemberian pupuk KNO melalui daun pada taraf 4% dapatditingkatkan efektivitasnya jika kerusakan pada anak daun dapat diminimalkan. Kerusakan daun cenderung meningkat padadaun tua, oleh karena itu, studi lanjut perlu dilakukan terkait waktu aplikasi yang tepat.Kata kunci: iles-iles, kalium nitrat, pupuk daun, pertumbuhan vegetati