Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy)
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Physiological responses and production of Gama Melon Parfum (Cucumis melo L. cv. GMP) on different water availability
Full text linkGama Melon Parfum (GMP) cultivar is a result of crossbreeding between the Natsuno Omoide and Miyamauri melon varieties in 2011. GMP exhibits a unique phenotypic characteristic, including a bitter taste of the fruit flesh and produces a stronger aroma. The objective of this study was to investigate the physiological responses and productivity of GMP under varying water conditions. The experiment was conducted using a single factor consisting of different levels of water availability with field capacity at 50%, 75%, and 100%, as well as submergence at 2 cm, 4 cm, and 8 cm above the soil surface. Each treatment was replicated three times. The plot size for each replication was 2 m x 2 m, ensuring consistent conditions for all treatments. The results of the study showed that treatment with 100% field capacity increased stem diameter, while treatment with 50% field capacity increased the root-to-shoot ratio of GMP. Submergence treatment at 8 cm decreased stem diameter and the root-to-shoot ratio of GMP. The 50% field capacity treatment reduced the total chlorophyll levels in GMP leaves. Submergence treatment at 8 cm increased the total chlorophyll levels in GMP leaves. The 50% field capacity treatment increased fruit fresh weight, while submergence treatment at 2 cm decreased fruit fresh weight. Submergence treatment at 2 cm reduced fruit water content, whereas submergence treatment at 8 cm increased water content in GMP fruits.
Keywords: drought; Gama Melon Parfume (GMP); growth; plant physiological responses; submergenc
Allelopathic potential of Asystasia gangetica: A study on growth and production of sweet corn
Full text linkCoromandel, or Chinese violet (Asystasia gangetica), is an invasive weed on many plantations in Indonesia, especially oil palm plantations. The A. gangetica is suspected to produce allelopathic compounds. However, the evaluation of the effect of A. gangetica on plant growth is still rare. The research objective was to evaluate the effect of allelopathic compounds of A. gangetica on the growth and production of sweet corn as a test plant. An experiment with a randomized complete block design and four replications was conducted from March to September 2022 at the Agribusiness and Technology Farm IPB. The treatment was the A. gangetica population consisted of 0 (control), 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 individuals per pot. A. gangetica were initially planted from seeds, and the stems were slashed 5 cm above the soil surface two months after planting. One week after cutting, sweet corn seeds were planted and maintained until harvest 72 days after planting. The results showed that the allelopathic effect of A. gangetica was evident in growth of sweet corn plant. Increasing number of A. gangetica per pot increased the allelopathic effect. The most significant effect was from 16 populations per pot, which significantly reduced the growth of sweet corn height, stem diameter, leaf size (length and width), leaf number, and color. The particular population per pot also decreased sweet corn yield, i.e., weight per cob with and without husk, and cob diameter by 18.95%, 22.0%, and 19.37%, respectively. The level of sweetness decreased by 31.24% after sweet corn was planted in the remnant of 16 individuals A. gangetica per pot. Nevertheless, A. gangetica did not significantly affect leaf area index, cob length, and sweet corn biomass, including shoot and root dry weight at harvest. It would be interesting to evaluate the effect of A. gangetica in the field.
Keywords: allelopathy; Brix; indole-3-carboxaldehyde; secondary metabolites; weed
Application of RGB UAV images to identify spectral patterns and estimate rice production
Full text linkMonitoring rice plant growth is crucial for evaluating rice field management and yield production. RGB images are generated from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) with RGB cameras. UAVs produce high spatial and temporal resolution, while RGB cameras are commonly used and cheap. The objectives of this study were to identify the spectral pattern of rice plant growth and to estimate yield production based on the spectral value of RGB images. The spectral pattern and yield estimation were analyzed using confidence interval (CI) and regression, respectively. Results show that spectral pattern during the vegetative until ripening stage forms a concave with minimum value in the generative stage and decreases towards the harvest stage. Based on the CI value, the high interval between upper and lower happened in the vegetative and ripening stages while the low interval happened in the generative stage. The high CI in the vegetative and ripening stages was due to the soil background and complexity of the rice plant canopy, respectively while the low CI in the generative stage was due to the homogeneous response of the leaf canopy. The best rice yield estimation based on the spectral value occurs in the ripening stage with an R2 of 0.84.
Keywords: chlorophyll content, confidence interval, drone images, rice plant, regressio
Performance of sorghum varieties with various fertilizer doses in peatlands of West Aceh Regency:
Full text linkWest Aceh Regency is one of the regions in Indonesia with quite extensive peatlands, but the diversity of food crop commodities is still very low. To enhance food diversification programs of rice, sorghum production is important. The purpose of this research was to test several varieties of sorghum in the peatlands of West Aceh Regency. This research was carried out from July to November 2023. Several new varieties of sorghum released by the Indonesian Cereals Research Institute (ICERI) were evaluated in the peatland of West Aceh. The research method used a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two factors and three replications. The first factor was different varieties of sorghum, and the second factor was various doses of fertilizers. The varieties used were Soper 7 Agritan, Bioguma 1, and Suri 3. The doses used Control (no treatment), Dose I (75 kg Urea ha-1 + 50 kg SP-36 ha-1 + 50 kg KCl ha-1), Dose II (150 kg Urea ha-1 + 100 kg SP-36 ha-1 + 100 kg KCl ha-1), and Dose III (225 kg Urea ha-1 + 150 kg SP-36 ha-1 + 150 kg KCl ha-1). The results showed that the Bioguma 1 variety adapted better than the other varieties, where the plant height was 187.97 cm, the number of leaves was 15.08, the panicle diameter was 35.92 mm, and the panicle weight was 79.52 g. Meanwhile, fertilizer dose II is better on the character of the number of leaves and panicle length. The interaction effect between the two factors only showed a significant influence on panicle length. Therefore, the Bioguma 1 sorghum variety can be a recommended variety for planting in the shallow peatlands of West Aceh.
Keywords: Acidic soil; alternative food; food diversificatio
Trichoderma spp. isolates stimulate rice seedling growth of Sertani 13 variety
Full text linkTrichoderma has become one of the most studied filamentous fungi to be used as a greener and more sustainable solution for improving the production and growth of numerous crops, due to its capability to form symbiotic associations with plants. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Trichoderma isolates obtained from the rhizosphere of organic rice fields in Sukabumi, Indonesia, in enhancing rice germination and seedling growth. A laboratory experiment used a completely randomized design consisting of seed treatments of 21 Trichoderma isolates (T1-T21) and a control treatment without Trichoderma (C). The inoculation was employed to elucidate any potential effects of Trichoderma isolates. Results showed that five isolates, i.e., T5, T7, T9, T10, and T14 stimulated the highest seedling vigor index, root and shoot length, and fresh weight and dry weight. These findings exhibited the potential of these five isolates as plant growth-promoting fungi to improve rice seedling growth and contribute to our understanding of the role of symbiotic fungi in sustainable rice crop production.
Keywords: plant growth promoting fungi; seed treatment; plant-microbe interactions, symbiotic fung
Propagule origin and soil organic carbon content determine the growth and yield of Amorphophallus muelleri Blume
Full text linkAmorphophallus muelleri Blume locally called Iles-iles or porang becomes a new commercial commodity in Indonesia. The tuber as the most economic value contains high glucomannan. It has been speculated that the high variation in production among farmers is due to different planting materials and soil organic carbon (SOC). Thus, the research aimed to evaluate the growth and yield of A. muelleri from different planting materials and levels of SOC. The research was carried out at Leuwikopo Experimental Station IPB Bogor from December 2021 to August 2022, using a nested design. The main plot was the level of SOC (2%, 3%, 4%, 6%), and the sub-plot was planting materials (seeds, bulbils, and tubers from leaf cuttings). The results showed SOC status determined growth and yield. Plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, canopy width, leaf greenness, number of tubers, weight, and size of tubers, stomatal conductance, and intercellular CO2 were significantly affected by SOC level. SOC at a level of 6% stimulated the highest growth and yield. Planting materials also determined the growth and yield. Plants originating from bulbils produced the highest yields, followed by tuber from leaf cuttings, and seeds. It is recommended to plant bulbils accompanied by maintaining SOC at a level of 6%
Optimization of nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) grafting using multiple rootstock and scion types
Full text linkThe rootstock number and scion types can be used to optimize grafting success. This study aimed to determine the effect of rootstock number, scion type, and its interaction on the success of nutmeg grafting. The research was conducted at the Seed Breeding Site in Layeni Village, Central Maluku Regency, Maluku. The research started in November 2022 and ended in August 2023. The experiment used a two-factor completely randomized design. The first factor was the rootstock number, i.e., single, double, and triple rootstocks. The second factor was the scion type, i.e., Myristica fragrans Houtt, Myristica argentea Warb, and Myristica sp. The 9 treatment combinations were replicated six times, resulting in a total of 54 experimental units. The result of the study concluded that grafting success was influenced by the rootstock number and the scion types, and there was no interaction between rootstock and scion. The highest success was achieved by using a single rootstock with a success rate of 60%. The use of Myristica sp. scions gave the highest grafting percentage of 76.66%. Successful nutmeg grafting was characterized by the presence of a fusion between the rootstock and the scion, based on anatomical observations. Failed nutmeg grafting was characterized by the absence of fusion between rootstock and scion. The rootstock number and scion type affected shoot emergence time, linked stem diameter, shoot length, and leaf number, while the scion type affected the shoot number. Double rootstock tended to have higher parameters than single and triple rootstock for shoot emergence and leaf number, but the number of failed grafting was still challenging.
Keywords: anatomical; double rootstock; compatibility; incompatibility; linked stem diamete
The influence of nutrient concentration and hydroponic growing media on the growth and yield of pagoda mustard greens (Brassica narinosa L.)
Full text linkProduction of pagoda mustard greens is currently still limited, while market demand is increasing. For this reason, it is necessary to increase the yield of pagoda mustard plants through hydroponic with optimization of nutrition and media. This study aimed to determine the plant responses to the application of AB Mix nutrient concentration and growing media types, as well as the effects of their interaction on the growth and yield of pagoda mustard greens. The research was conducted in June-July 2022 at a Screen House in Ciwidey, Bandung, at an altitude of 1,200 meters above sea level. The research used a factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The first factor was the concentration of AB Mix nutrients 1,050; 1,150; and 1,250 ppm, and the second factor was the growing media rockwool, cocopeat, sponge, and rice husk charcoal. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and further tested using the Least Significant Difference (LSD) at the 5% level. The results showed that AB Mix nutrient with a concentration of 1,250 ppm or rockwool planting media was able to increase the growth and yield of pagoda mustard greens, but there was no interaction between the two treatment factors.
Keywords: AB Mix nutrients; cocopeat; rice husk charcoal; rockwool; spong
Leaf growth pattern and morphology of Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr. in tropical lowland
Full text linkChikurmanis or katuk (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.) is a traditional leafy vegetable that is consumed widely in Indonesia. The leaf is rich in vitamins, minerals, nutrients, and dietary fiber. The study aimed to investigate the leaf growth pattern and morphological characteristics of the chikurmanis cultivated in the tropical lowland ecosystem. The research was conducted on local farmland in Marga Sakti Sebelat, Bengkulu, Indonesia on December 2023 by survey method. The results showed that the leaf of chikurmanis grew in the daytime and continued to grow at nighttime as indicated in midrib length, leaf width, and foliole number. It is likely that nighttime growth become predominant in chikurmanis. The plant was a type of shrub with complete organs of stem, branch, root, flower, and leaf. The leaf was arranged as a compound leaf with many folioles in opposite positions. Midrib length (M) x leaf width (W) with a zero intercept of linear regression was the most reliable predictor of leaf area with the formula Y = 0.4964MxW (R2 = 0.9677).
Keywords: chikurmanis plant; katuk; leaf area estimation; morphological trait; traditional leafy vegetabl
Application of phosphorous fertilizer to increase the production of several parijoto (Medinilla speciosa Blume) accessions
Full text linkParijoto fruit (Medinilla speciosa Blume) is a plant known as a medicinal plant in Indonesia. Parijoto fruit production is still low. Phosphorous (P) fertilization can enhance fruit production, but the optimal dosage for parijoto has yet to be determined. The research objective was to obtain the P fertilizer dosage to improve the production of several parijoto accessions. The research was conducted from January to June 2023 at Agribusiness and Technology Park IPB. The study used a split-plot randomized complete block design with four replications. The main plot\u27s accession factor consisted of Bogor, Kudus, and Nganjuk. The fertilizer dosage per polybag, as the subplot, consisted of without P2O5 (P0), 1.8 g P2O5 (P1), 3.6 g P2O5 (P2), 5.4 g P2O5 (P3), 7.2 g P2O5 (P4), 9.0 g P2O5 (P5). The results showed that applying P fertilizer at 7.2 g P2O5 produced the highest fruit weight per plant for the Bogor and Nganjuk accessions. For the Kudus accession, it was at a fertilization dosage of 5.4 grams of P2O5. There was an interaction between accession and P dosage on fruit weight per plant.
Keywords: dosage; fruit production; medical plan