Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy)
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Identifikasi Spesies Cabai Rawit (Capsicum spp.) Berdasarkan Daya Silang dan Karakter Morfologi
Get PDFABSTRACTThe chili consists of several species, five of which have been cultivated, namely C. annuum, C. chinense, C. frutescens, C. baccatum, and C. pubescens. The classifications of these species are based on: 1) morphological characters, especially floral morphology, 2) crossability between species, and 3) fertile hybrids between species. Species C. baccatum and C. pubescens can be easily identified and distinguished from one another, because there are obvious differences in the two species. However the species C. annuum, C. chinense, and C. frutescens has many common characteristics, so it is difficult to distinguish morphologically. The purpose of this study was to identify capsicum species based on crossability and morphological characters. The crossability experiment was done in housing area TDP 2 Ciampea Bogor from January to December 2013 and the morphological characteristics at Leuwikopo experimental station, IPB. The morphological characters experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Data were collected on successful crosses, seed viability of successful crosses and morphological characters based on descriptor for capsicum IPGRI. The percentage of successful crosses involving IPBC10 and IPBC145 (C. annuum) as female parents and 20 genotypes as male parents ranged between 0-90%; and using IPBC295 (C. frutescens) as female parent was 40%. Genotypes which had successful results equals 40% were alleged as C. frutescens species (IPBC61, IPBC139, IPBC63, IPBC163, IPBC289, IPBC288, IPBC294 and IPBC285). Principal component and of clusters analysis suggests that there are two species groups, i.e. C. annuum and C. frutescens.Keywords: capsicum, cluster analysis, crossing, genotypes, principal component analysi
Perlakuan Benih dengan Agen Hayati dan Pemupukan P untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Tanaman, Hasil, dan Mutu Benih Padi
Get PDFThe objective of the study was to determine the effect of seed treatment on growth, seed quality, P fertilizer utilization, and rice production in the glasshouse. The experiment was conducted in a split plot design with three replications from January to June 2010.The main plots were P fertilizer rates (0, 50, and 100 kg SP-36 ha-1), and sub plots were (1) negative control (seeds were not inoculated by Xanthomonas oryzaepv. oryzae(Xoo) and without seed treatment); (2) positive control (seeds were inoculated by Xoo); (3) seeds were inoculated by Xoo and immersed in Pseudomonas diminutaA6 suspension; (4) seeds were inoculated by Xoo and immersed in Bacillus subtilis5/B suspension; (5) seeds were inoculated by Xoo and immersed in P. diminutaA6 + B. subtilis5/B suspension; (6) matriconditioning + P. diminutaA6, (7) matriconditioning + B. subtilis5/B, and (8) matriconditioning + P. diminutaA6 + B. subtilis5/B. The results showed that seed treatment with biological agents P. diminutaA6, seed treatment with P. diminutaA6 + B. subtilis5/B were the best seed treatments to improve plant growth and yield of rice. Treatment with matriconditioning + P. diminutaA6 + B. subtilis5/B was the best treatment to enhance seed germination. Soaking the seeds in B. subtilis5/B suspension or P. diminutaA6 + B. subtilis5/B suspension reduced the use of P fertilizer, based on the number of grain, total number of grain, percentage of grain per panicle. The highest seed yield obtained from both treatments was with the application of P fertilizer 50 kg ha-1. Keywords: biopriming, matriconditioning, rhizobacteria, seed viability, seed vigorABSTRA
Pengaruh Pemupukan terhadap Perubahan Morfofisiologi Dua Varietas Padi pada Kondisi Cekaman Rendaman
Get PDFABSTRACTSubmergence tolerance is plant adaptation to anaerobic or hypoxia condition without significant damage. Changes in morphophysiological characters of rice plant are often related to the plant adaptation to submergence stress. Fertilization might affect plant morphophysiological changes under submergence stress. The objective of this research was to study the effect of rice varieties and fertilizer application on the growth and morphophysiological changes under submergence stress. The experiment was arranged in factorial completely randomized block design with six replications. The first factor was rice varieties consisted of Inpara 5 (V1) and IR64 (V2), while the second factor was fertilizer application consisted of without fertilization (P0) and with fertilizer application (P1). Submergence stress was applied on 28 days old seedlings for 7 days. The results showed that fertilizer application increased aerenchyma formation and plant N content of both IR64 and Inpara 5 varietes. Inpara 5 variety had higher relative chlorophyll content, relative carbohydrate content, and relative plant dry weight thant IR64 variety at 7 days after submergence stress. Keywords: fertilization, morphophysiology, submergence stress, toleranc
Optimasi Dosis Pupuk Majemuk NPK dan Kalsium pada Bibit Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) di Pembibitan Utama
Get PDFABSTRACTThis research was aimed to evaluate the rates of NPK and calcium fertilizers for the growth of oil palm seedling at main nursery. It was conducted in IPB Experimental Station, Cikabayan, Darmaga, Bogor from December 2011 to November 2012. The two factors, NPK and calcium, were arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. The rates of NPK fertilizer (15-15-15) were 0, 115, 230 and 460 g seedling-1. The rates of calcium fertilizer were 0, 5, 10 and 20 g seedling-1. There was no interaction effect observed between NPK and calcium fertilizer. NPK fertilizer, however had the significant quadratic effect on plant height, leaf number, stem diameter and chlorophyll content. Based on morphology variables, recommended optimum rate of NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer was 333 g seedling-1 for eight months. Thus, NPK rates were 7.00, 7.00, 19.45, 59.25, 66.3, 61.55, 58.97 and 54.16 g seedling-1 from first to eight month respectively. The optimum rate of calcium fertilizer was not determined in this experiment.Keywords: NPK 15-15-15, nutrient, optimum rates, recommendatio
Karakter Tanaman yang Mempengaruhi Hasil Tanaman Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L.)
Get PDFABSTRACT Yield variety of physic nut is one of the factor that cause the gap between the potential and actual yields. In a homogeneous environment, plant yield is controlled by multigenes. To obtain a homogeneous yield, it is necessary to determine the plant characters affecting physic nut yield. A research was carried out in Asembagus and Muktiharjo Research Stations in January-December 2010 to observe plant growth and yield of IP-3A and IP-3M genotypes. Data were analyzed backward stepwise to determine the plant characters that affect plant yield. The results showed that IP-3A plant characters affecting yield from the greatest were the number of branches, the ratio C / N in petiol, the number of non-productive branches, the amount of glucose needed to form per gram petiol tissue, C-organic content in petiol, the ratio C / N in stem, C-organic content in stem, and the amount of glucose needed to form per gram stem tissue. Of the eight characters, only the number of non-productive branches negatively affected on yield, while other characters showed positive influence. The IP-3M plant characters affecting yield from the greatest were the ratio C / N in shoot, N content in shoot, the amount of glucose needed to form per gram shoot and stem tissues, C-organic content in shoot and stem, the amount of glucose needed to form per gram leaf tissue, C-organic content in leaf and water content in stem. Of the nine characters, only the N content in shoot that negatively affected on plant yield, while other characters showed positive influence.Keywords: character, growth, Jatropha curcas, productive branches, yiel
Isolasi dan Pengklonan Gen Penyandi H+-ATPase Membran Plasma dari Melastoma malabathricum L.
Get PDFABSTRACT Melastoma malabathricum L. is an Al-accumulating plant that grows well in acidic soils with high level of soluble aluminum in the tropics. One of the important proteins in the detoxifying Al stress is a plasma membrane H+-ATPase, a most abundant protein on the plasma membrane, encoded by PMA gene. The objective of this research was to isolate and characterize the gene encoding plasma membrane H+-ATPase from M. malabathricum L. Full length cDNA of MmPMA had been successfully isolated through a gradual isolation of the gene. The 5’ end and middle part of the MmPMA gene had been successfully isolated by PCR by using total cDNA as template and pma primers designed from some plants, while the 3’ end of Mmpma had been isolated by 3’ RACE. The parts of the gene had been successfully joined by PCR. The joining product was successfully inserted into pGEM-T Easy and the recombinant plasmid was successfully introduced into E. coli DH5α. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that the length of MmPMA coding sequence was 2,871 bp encoding 956 amino acids with molecular weight of 105.29 kDa and a predicted pI value of 6.84. Local alignment analysis based on nucleotide of mRNA showed that MmPMA is 82% identical to pma Vitis vinifera; 81% to pma Juglans regia, pma Populus trichocarpa, pma Sesbania rostrata, and pma Prunus persica and 80% to pma Lycopersicon esculentum. Based on deduced amino acid sequence, MmPMA is 94% identical to PMA Vitis vinifera and PMA Juglans regia; 93% to PMA Populus trichocarpa; 92% to PMA Vicia faba, Lycopersicon esculentum, and Arabidopsis thaliana, AHA4. MmPMA has 10 transmembrane domains, 4 cytoplasm loops, 6 functional domains and 3 autoregulatory domains.Keywords: aluminum, cDNA, MmPMA, PCR, RAC
Evaluasi Daya Simpan Benih Kedelai yang diberi Perlakuan Pelapisan Benih dengan Cendawan Mikoriza Arbuskula
Get PDFABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of seed coating with arbuscular mychorrhizal fungi (AMF) on viability and vigor of soybean seeds during 6 month storage. This study consisted of two experiments conducted at ambient room and air-conditioned room from May through December 2011. The experiments were arranged in randomized complete block design with two factors. The first factor was seed coating i.e. untreated control and seed coating using AMF while the second factor was storage period i.e. 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 months. Results of experiments showed that soybean seeds maintained the viability > 88% after 2 months stored in ambient room and >85% after 4 months stored in air-conditioned room. The viability of untreated and coated seeds did not show significant differences in both experiments. Untreated seeds indicated higher vigor either stored in ambient room (index vigor) or in air-conditoned room (speed of germination). Seeds coated with AMF showed the rate of increase in moisture content slower than the untreated ones during 6 month storage in ambient room. After 6 month storage in air-conditioned room, the coated seeds had lower moisture content than the untreated. The viability of AMF spores coated on seeds was maintained during 6 month storage in both experiments.Keyword: seed storage, storage room, storage period, viability, vigo
Efisiensi Serapan Hara dan Hasil Padi pada Budidaya SRI di Persawahan Pasang Surut dengan Menggunakan Kompos Diperkaya
Get PDFThere are two main problems when system of rice intensification (SRI) cultivation is carried out at tidal areas, e.g. the presence of Fe which is potentially toxic to plants and low nutrients availability. Utilization of Azotobacter-enriched compost is a choice to overcome iron toxicity as well a source of nutrients. The aims of this research were to study the effect of Azotobacter enriched compost to reduce the rates of inorganic fertilizers applied, to increase the efficiency of N, P, and K uptake, and to increase plant growth and yield. Two rice cultivation methods were applied namely SRI and conventional rice cultivation methods on tidal lands (rice fields) of South Kalimantan. A completely randomized block design with two factors was applied. The main plots were SRI and conventional rice cultivation, and as subplots were eight types of fertilizer that is a combination between Azotobacter-enriched compost with inorganic fertilizers rates. The results showed that soil nutrient availability, uptake and efficiency of N, P, and K with SRI technique was higher than conventional cultivation. Azotobacter- enriched compost on the tidal land (rice fields) could reduce the use of N and K fertilizer by 25%. Furthermore, the efficiency of N and P uptake in enriched compost with 75% of fertilizer N, P, and K were not different with enriched compost with 75% of fertilizer. Ciherang rice yields with SRI cultivation was approximately 22% higher compared to that from conventional rice cultivation. Keywords: Azotobacter-enriched compost, conventional rice cultivation, inorganic fertizer
Plant Regeneration of Pummelo cv. Cikoneng from Cotyledon and Epicotyl
Get PDFIn vitro conservation needs highly efficient micropropagation protocol. The objective of the research was to obtain an efficient and reproducible protocol for pummelo (Citrus maxima(Burm.) Merr.) micropropagation through direct shoot formation. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with two factors and 20 replications. The 1stfactor was type of explant, i.e. cotyledon and epicotyl segments of Pummelo cv. Cikoneng, while the 2ndfactor was the media composition as follow (1) MS + 1.0 mg BAP L-1 + 0.5 mg Kinetin L-1 + 0.5 mg NAA L-1; (2) MS + 2.0 mg BAP L-1 + 0.5 mg Kinetin L-1 + 0.5 mg NAA L-1; (3) MS + 1.0 mg BAP L-1 + 1.0 mg Kinetin L-1 + 0.5 mg NAA L-1; (4) MS + 2.0 mg BAP L-1 + 0.5 mg Kinetin L-1+ 1.0 mg NAA L-1; (5) MS + 2.0 mg BAP L-1+ 1.0 mg Kinetin L-1 + 1.0 mg NAA L-1. Observation was conducted on days to shoot induction, number of explant forming shoots, shoot height, number of shoots, leaves, and roots. The results showed that adventitious shoots emerged from callus in epicotyl (6-8 WAP), but adventitious shoots could emerge directly without an intervening callus phase from cotyledon (4-5 WAP). Shoots emerged from epicotyl were weak and vitrous due to hyperhydricity, thus they can not be used for micropropagation. Cotyledons cultured in media MS + 1.0 mg BAP L-1 + 0.5 mg Kinetin L-1 + 0.5 mg NAA L-1or media MS + 1.0 mg BAP L-1 + 1.0 mg Kinetin L-1 + 0.5 mg NAA L-1gave the highest percentage of explant forming adventitious shoot (38.8 and 26.3%), highest efficiency of shoot formation (62.5 dan 72.5%), and highest numbers of leaves (value of 1.9 leaves shoot-1) and roots (1.1 roots shoot-1) compared to other media. Since shoot height and number of leaves and root were not significantly different in both media, thus cotyledon and media MS + 1.0 mg BAP L-1 + 0.5 mg Kinetin L-1+ 0.5 mg NAA L-1which was less in Kinetin is suggested to be used for pummelo micropropagation.Keywords: Citrus maxima, epicotyl, cotyledon, regeneration, pummel
Pertumbuhan, Serapan Hara dan Hasil Kedelai Organik Melalui Aplikasi Pupuk Kandang Sapi
Get PDFABSTRAKPercobaan ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh dosis pupuk kandang sapi terhadap pertumbuhan, serapan haradan hasil kedelai organik. Percobaan dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei hingga Agustus 2012 di Blora, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia.Percobaan ini menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak dengan faktor tunggal yaitu dosis pupuk kandang sapidengan 4 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Dua perlakuan pupuk organik sebagai perlakuan pembanding dan dibandingkan denganperlakuan pupuk kandang sapi terbaik menggunakan uji t. Empat perlakuan pupuk kandang sapi yang digunakan yakni 0,7.5, 10, 15 ton pupuk kandang sapi ha dengan jarak tanam 40 cm x 20 cm dan 2 benih per lubang tanam. Dua perlakuanpembanding organik yakni (1) 7.5 ton pupuk kandang kambing ha-1 dengan jarak tanam 40 cm x 20 cm dan 2 benih perlubang tanam, dan (2) 7.5 ton pupuk kandang sapi ha-1 -1dengan jarak tanam 40 cm x 25 cm x 15 cm dan 1 benih per lubangtanam. Dua ton abu sekam haditambahkan pada semua petak. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi 7.5 ton pupukkandang sapi ha-1 -1 atau 7.5 ton pupuk kandang kambing halebih efisien diaplikasikan dalam produksi kedelai organikdibandingkan perlakuan lainnya.Kata kunci: abu sekam, grumosol, musim kemarau, pertanian organik, pupuk kandang kambin