Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy)
Not a member yet
996 research outputs found
Sort by
Pendugaan Daya Gabung dan Heritabilitas Komponen Hasil Tomat pada Persilangan Dialel Penuh
Get PDFABSTRACT Hybridization is one of plant breeding techniques to obtain high yielding varieties. Combining ability and heritability information are needed for evaluating hybrids’ performance. The objective of this research was to estimate the combining ability and heritability of tomato yield component traits in a full dialel crosses at lowland. The experiment was conducted at Leuwikopo Experimental Station IPB, Darmaga, Bogor from March until August 2013. The random model of Griffing method I was used to estimate general combining ability, specific combining ability and heritability. The experiment used a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. IPBT1, IPBT13 and IPBT84 had a good general combining ability (GCA) for weight per fruit, fruit size and weight of fruit per plant. IPBT30 and IPBT33 had a good general combining ability (GCA) for number of fruits per plant. IPBT13 × IPBT1 hybrid showed a high and positive specific combining ability (SCA) values for all characters, therefore it can be used for hybrid variety. The highest broad and narrow sense heritability was obtained for fruit size, meanwhile the lowest was obtained for weight of fruit per plant. Weight per fruit, fruit size and weight of fruit per plant characters were influenced by additive and dominant gene effects, whereas number of fruit per plant was influenced by additive gene effects. Keywords: additive, dominant, GCA, SCA, heritabilit
Keragaman Genetik Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Asal Angola Menggunakan Marka SSR
Get PDFABSTRACTEffort to increase productivity and other elite characters in Indonesia oil palm breeding program is facing a problem because of the narrow genetic diversity. To broaden the genetic diversity, germplasm exploration has been done in Angola, Central Africa. The objective of this research was to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of Angola originated oil palm germplasm based on 20 SSR markers. The plant materials used were 27 accessions consisted of 136 palms planted in Riau, Sumatera. The DNA was isolated and amplified using PCR. Phylogeny analysis was constructed using Unrooted Neighbor-Joining by DARwin software 6.0.8. The result showed that polymorphic information content (PIC) value is 0.55 (0.17 to 0.75 for each locus) with 102 total number of alleles. Genetic diversity between individuals was higher compared to the genetic diversity within accessions or regions and between accessions or regions. Phylogenetic analysis of 27 accessions showed that accessions were divided into three main groups. Every group containing individuals originated from 5 spatial distribution regions. Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) showed that accessions were distributed in one structure. Using more primers and samples to get more representative data is recommended for the following research.Keywords: allele, locus, germplasm, molecular marker, polymorphi
Permodelan Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Kelapa Sawit pada Berbagai Taraf Penunasan Pelepah
Get PDFABSTRACTThe numbers of leaf frond influence oil palm yield, especially fresh fruit bunch weight and fresh fruit bunch production. The objective of this research was to obtain oil palm growth and production model for different levels of frond pruning. The experiment was conducted at PT. Astra Agro Lestari, Pangkalan Bun, Central Kalimantan, from August 2010 to February 2012. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with two factors and three replications for each oil palm age. The first factor was numbers of unpruned frond and the second factors was pruning seasons. The frond treatment consisted of 41-48, 49-56, and 57-64 fronds. The pruning seasons consisted of first period (early to mid rainy season: September-December), second period (mid to end of rainy season: Januari-April), and third period (dry season: May-August). Stella production model was created based on pruning experiment and weather data. The constructed production model was able to estimate 75% variable of oil palm production and fresh fruit bunch weight at different levels of pruning. Keywords: oil palm, pruning management, Stella mode
Pendugaan Parameter Genetik Karakter Morfo-Agronomi dan Seleksi Genotipe untuk Perbaikan Genetik Jarak Pagar
Get PDFABSTRACTThe recent scarcity of fuel has stimulated many efforts to remove dependence on petroleum oil by finding alternative sources of new and renewable energy. Jatropha curcas L. has been chosen as a source of biofuel that has an important role as a petroleum oil substitute, especially for producing biodiesel. Possible efforts for the development of Jatropha in Indonesia include exploration of Jatropha plants from various regions of Indonesia, introducing the plants from abroad and plant breeding. The purpose of this study was to study the genetic parameters of morpho-agronomic traits and selection of potential genotype for genetic improvement of Jatropha curcas. The experiment was conducted at the Biotech Center, BPPT from November 2011 to July 2012. The experiment was performed using a complete randomized block design with sixteen genotypes of J. curcas. Five plants were used for each genotype, with three replications. Results of this study showed that genetic diversity of the genotypes based on morpho-agronomic characters was relatively narrow, with genetic diversity coefficient ranged from 2.73% to 9.02%. The broad-sense heritability was high for all characters, ranged from 32.26% to 85.89%. None of morpho-agronomic characters observed in the 16 genotypes was directly correlated to productivity and seed oil content. Number of fruit and total seed number per bunch were the best characters for selection criteria to obtain high dry seed weight. Based on the bi-plot analysis on seed oil content and dry weight characters among the observed genotypes, LMP and CRP x PDI could be recommended as potential F1 parents to be used in constructing F2 population.Keywords: biplot analysis, broad-sense heritability, genetic diversity coefficien
Pemanfaatan Limbah Kulit Biji Mete sebagai Pupuk Organik untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Bibit Tanaman Mete
Get PDFABSTRACTCashew nut shells have not been fully utilized untill recently, and most of them are still in a form of wastes. Cashew nut shell wastes are organic matter containing macro elements that are useful for plants, such as N (0.84%), P (0.21%), K (0.70%), Ca (0.13%) and Mg (0.24%) that are useful for plants. Cashew nut shell wastes would be very potential if they were composted into organic fertilizers. The aim of this research was to analyze the effect of cashew nut shell compost formula application on growth and nutrient uptake of cashew seedlings. The research was conducted at IPB Teaching Farm Dramaga Bogor from November 2012 to May 2013. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design with 5 treatments and 3 replications. The results showed, that cashew nut shell compost formula application at 50 g polybag-1 and 100 g polybag-1 were significantly increased plant height, leaf number, stem diameter, roots length, fresh weight, dry weight of seedling, and N, P, K uptake at 3 months after planting (MAP) compared to no compost (top soil). The treatment of cashew nut shell compost formula at 50 g polybag-1 showed not significantly compared with goat manure at 100 g polybag-1 on the plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, roots length and N, P, K uptake at 3 MAP. Both of the treatment can improve the balance of nutrients in the soil thus enhancing the growth and vigor of cashew seedling. The treatment of cashew nut shell compost formula (50 g polybag-1) could replace the treatment of goat manure (100 g polibag-1) tended to increase cashew seedling growth.Keywords: A. occidentale L., bioactivator, cashew seedling, KBM compos
Keragaan dan Keragaman Genetik Karakter Agronomi Galur Mutan Putatif Gandum Generasi M5
Get PDFThe cultivation of wheat in Indonesia especially at medium-low altitude faces problems such as high temperatures whicheffect negativelyon the yield. The aims of this research was to obtain informations on performance, genetic variability and heritability of agronomic characters of wheat putative mutant lines on M5 generation. Genotypes evaluated in the study consisted of 98 putative mutant lines of M5 generation and six varieties as checks, namely Dewata, Selayar, Oasis, Rabe, Kasifbey, and Basribey. The research was conducted at Research Station of IOCRI (Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute), Cipanas. Genotypes were arranged in an augmented, randomized block design. Result of the experiment showed that high heritability estimates were observed for plant height (83.03%), tiller number (61.75%), days to flowering (85.41%), days to maturity (67.45%), spike length (70.25%), spikelet number (65.08%), unfilled grain number (71.49%), seed number per spike (75.16%), seed weight per spike (81.69%), and seed weight per plant (74.21%). The estimated genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) were high for unfilled grain number(26.35%) and seed weight per plant (18.35%). Based on seed weight per plant, 30 best putative mutant lines were selected.Keywords: Augmented design, heritability, Triticum aestivu
Penampilan Galur Harapan Mutan Dihaploid Padi Tipe Baru di Sulawesi Selatan
Get PDFABSTRACTSouth Sulawesi is known as one of national rice production centers. However, average productivity of rice varieties planted in that area (4.43 ton ha-1) is lower than those of rice productivity in Java (5.25 ton ha-1). The aims of this research were to evaluate agronomic characters and adaptation of 7 dihaploid mutant advanced lines of new plant type (DH-NPT) of rice at several locations in South Sulawesi. The research was conducted in 2012 at Maros, Gowa, Barru, and Pangkep. The experiments were conducted in randomized complete block design with 3 replications nested in locations. Treatment consisted of 7 DH-NPT of rice, i.e., BIO-MF115, BIO-MF116, BIO-MF125, BIO-MF130, BIO-MF133, BIO-MF151, BIO-MF153, and control varieties i.e., Fatmawati, Ciherang, and Inpari13. The results indicated that in general the lines had medium height (102.77-110.23 cm), moderate productive tiller (9-16 tiller per hill), moderate days to flower (50%), i.e., 73-76 days after sowing (DAS), earlier days to harvest (103-110 DAS), moderate panicle length (28.35-29.31 cm), large number of grain per panicle (> 250 grains) with moderate panicle fertility (63-70%), moderate 1,000 grain weight, i.e., 26.51-27.75 g, and high yield (7.51-8.09 ton ha-1). Four lines, i.e., BIO-MF116, BIO-MF130, BIO-MF151, and BIO-MF153 were stable and had wide adaptability. Other lines, i.e., BIO-MF125 and BIO-MF133 were sensitive to environmental changes, therefore they were classified as specifically adapted to favorable environment; while BIO-MF115 was not sensitive to environmental changes, and therefore it was adapted to non-favorable environment.Keywords: adaptation, agronomic characters, rice mutan
Radiosensitivitas dan Seleksi Mutan Putatif Jeruk Keprok Garut (Citrus reticulata L.) berdasarkan Penanda Morfologi
Get PDFABSTRACTMandarin Citrus cv. garut is a of local citrus variety with several superiority, but not competitive to imported citrus. Quality improvement have been the subject of citrus breeding programme. The objective of this research was to determine lethal dose 50 (LD50) and putative mutans regenerant selected based on morphological markers. Callus was irradiated at doses of 0, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 Gy and regenerated through somatic embryogenesis. The result of radiosensitivity showed that lethal dose 50 (LD50) analyzed by Curve Expert 1.4 software was 75.31 Gy. Observation on callus showed variation on morphology and weight of callus. Callus growth was not inhibited at doses 0-50 Gy but at doses 60-100 Gy callus growth was inhibited. Gamma irradiation also affected the formations of somatic embryos. After six weeks on maturation medium, the highest number of embryo somatic was produced from doses of 20 and 100 Gy and following culture on germination medium, the highest number of planlet was produced from doses of 20 and 40 Gy. Based on morphological characters, the selected regenerants had variability of 0-58%.Keywords: gamma irradiation, germination, lethal dosis 50 (LD50), maturation, somatic embry
Introgresi Gen CsNitr1-L dari Transgenik Nipponbare ke Ciherang dan Analisis Pewarisannya pada Generasi BC3F4
Get PDFABSTRACTCsNitr1-L gene is a gene encoding nitrites transporter and is included in the group of proton oligopeptide transporter (POT) gene family. The absorption of nitrites by plants expressing this transporter becomes efficient. The gene encoding this protein (CsNitr1-L) under the control of 35S CaMV Promoter had been introduced into rice plants (Oryza sativa L.) subspecies japonica cv. Nipponbare to transfer this gene. The japonica transgenic rice had been crossed with Ciherang variety followed by back-cross and self polination until BC3F4 generation. The aim of this study was to analyse introgression of CsNitr1-L gene in the transgenic rice BC3F4 generation. The transgenic rice plants in BC3F4 generation were selected based on the resistance to hygromicin. More than 90% population of BC3F4 are putative introgression rice lines carriying the transgene. The introgression of the transgene were indirectly confirmed by PCR analaysis using primer corresponding to hpt gene. The yield of introgression line was higher than these of original Ciherang cultivar. Four introgression lines (G3, G7, G8 and G11) that had higher yield were analysed by PCR. Result of the analysis showed that these four transgenic plants carried the introgression.Keywords: proton oligopeptide transporter, nitrites transporter, efficient nitrogen, transgenic ric
Shoot Production and Metabolite Content of Waterleaf with Organic Fertilizer
Get PDFABSTRACTWaterleaf shoot (Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd) is consumed as vegetable that contains some metabolites. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of organic fertilizer on shoot production and its metabolites i.e. protein, vitamin C, flavonoid, and peroxidase enzyme (POD) activity at 10, 12, and 14 weeks after planting. This experiment was conducted at Leuwikopo Experimental Station, Bogor, Indonesia from November 2012-February 2013. The organic fertilizers applied were cow manure (CM) (12.3 ton ha-1), rock phosphate (RP) (1.5 ton ha-1), and rice-hull ash (RH) (5.5 ton ha-1). These organic fertilizers were combined into four treatments by using minus one test method and one control. Each treatment was repeated three times. The result showed that combination of organic fertilizer had the same effects on shoot production and metabolite content of waterleaf. It showed that the amount of organic fertilizers was not significantly sufficient to contribute nutrients to the plant. Keywords: flavonoid, POD activity, repeated harvesting, Talinum triangulare, vitamin