Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy)
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Respon dan Produktivitas Padi Rawa terhadap Cekaman Rendaman Stagnan untuk Pengembangan di Lahan Rawa Lebak
Get PDFABSTRACTThe limited fertile land and increasing flood intensity as a result of global climate changes become serious constraints in the sustainability of national rice production. Improvement of rice varieties, especially for rice cultivation in swampy area is necessary. The objective of this research were to evaluate responses and productivity of rice genotypes to stagnant flooding stress which occurs on swampy area. A total of 22 genotypes had been tested, included Tapus, IR42, and IR64 as check varieties. Water level at stagnant flooding environment was 50-60 cm and started from 35 days after planting until harvest. Research was conducted in wet season of 2011/2012 at Babakan Experimental Farm, Bogor Agricultural University. The experiment used randomized block design with three replicates. The results showed that stagnant flooding stress caused an increase in plant height, flowering and maturity date, number of unfilled grain, and stem elongation ability. On the other hand, the number of productive tiller and the number of filled grain decreased. The number of filled grain positively correlated with grain yield (r = 0.74**), but stem elongation ability didn’t have strong correlation with grain yield (r = -0.29). Genotypes IPB107-F-5-1-1 and IPB107-F-82-2-1 showed the highest productivity, 5.47 ton ha-1 and 5.80 ton ha-1,, respectively, at which productivity decreased up to 20% compared to optimum condition. Keywords: basin swampy rice, stagnant floodin
Perancangan Model Pertanian Terpadu Tanaman-Ternak dan Tanaman-Ikan di Perkampungan Teknologi Telo, Riau
Get PDFABSTRACTThe Telo Technology Village of Bangkinang Seberang, Kampar, Riau was built on reclaimed land of C-mining excavation. On this land will be settled a number of farmer households pursue an area of 2,000 m2 in each. They should be able to maximize the land use to meet family needs adequately. In order to develop integrated farming system composed of crop, livestock, and fish productions, data were collected through interviews and literature. This study was conducted from February to July 2013. Models of integrated farming were designed and evaluated for its feasibility ecologically and economically using dynamic model Stella 9.2. Based on the models, integrated farming of spinach-kangkong-chili, cattle-laying ducks and Thai catfish-Tilapia fish will be able to provide an adequate income. Therefore area of 2,000 m2 is feasible for integrated farming, settlements and other households activities.Keywords: high mapping layer, LEISA, nutrient cycl
Perbandingan Efek Pemberian Bioinsektisida dan Ekstrak Kompos terhadap Produksi Padi Ratun dan Populasi Serangga Hama
Get PDFThe advantages of ratooning rice are to save water, cost production, labor, preparation time for planting and harvesting, but the ratooning productivity is still low. This research aimed to study the effect of the bioinsecticide and compost extract on ratooning rice production and insect populations. The ratooning rice was applied by bioinsecticide, compost extract, and combination of bioinsecticide and compost extract with dose 2 L ha-1 per application, respectively. Data of agronomic variables were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance, whereas insect pest population data were analyzed using Chi Square test. The seedling height of ratoon applied by compost extract was the highest among treatments. The number of productive tillers per clumps and rice production on plot applied by compost extract were higher than the insecticide treatment. At the age of 17 day-ratooning rice, application bioinsecticide reduced the population of insect pests, such as Ciccadulina bipunctata, Recilia dorsalis, Nilaparvata lugens, and Nephotettix nigropictus. Thus, application of compost extract tended to improved the growth and production of the ratooning rice, while the bioinsecticide decreased the insect pest population.Keywords: Beauveria bassiana, rice growth, productio
Identifikasi Aksi Gen Epistasis pada Toleransi Kedelai terhadap Cekaman Aluminium
Get PDFThe efectiveness of selection depends on the gene action cotrolling the character. The presence of epistatic gene action will delay the genetic gain in self pollinated crops like soybean. The objective of this research was to obtain information on genetic control of soybean tolerance to aluminum toxicity on nutrient culture. This research was conducted at green house of the University Farm IPB Cikabayan, Bogor, from April to June 2013. This research used 120 seedlings of F2 population generated from crossing between Argomulyo (Al-sensitive) with Tanggamus (Al-tolerant). Seedlings were grown in nutrient culture for 14 days with Al concentration of 1.5 mM and pH 4.0, to observe the vegetative growth under aluminum stress condition. The result showed that mean of roots length, shoot length, shoot to root ratio, wet and dry weight of root and shoot exceeded both parents mean value with moderate to high heritability. All observed characters had continue distribution pattern, and controlled by many genes. Duplicate epistasis additive gene action controlled only root length while other characters were controlled by complementary epistasis gene action.Keywords: gene action, heritability, nutrient culture, selection, tocixit
Peningkatan Hasil Padi di Tanah Sulfat Masam melalui Kombinasi Perlakuan Lindi dan Olah Tanah
Get PDFABSTRACT Tidal swamp lands containing acid sulphate is easily become idle land, which can be fixed by reducing oxidation process of pyrite (FeS2). The pyrite oxidation causes disturbance on the growth and yield of rice plant. An experiment was conducted by means soil leaching in order to reduce accumulation of pyrites. The research had been conducted in Simpang Jaya village, Barito Kuala District in 2012 using a split plot design with three replications. As the main plot was leaching, and no leaching treatment, while as the subplot was soil tillage, i.e., 1) control, 2) weeds cleared without tillage, 3) soil tillage at a depth of 15 cm, and 4) soil tillage at a depth of 30 cm. The results showed that the leaching treatment combined with tillage at a depth of 15 cm or 30 cm increased the number of rice tillers, shoot dry weight, and number of panicles per hill, and number of seeds per hill, thus the leaching treatment was able to increase rice production.Keywords: acid sulphate, leaching, pyrite, tidal swamp lan
Karakterisasi Anggrek Alam secara Morfologi dalam Rangka Pelestarian Plasma Nutfah
Get PDFABSTRACTMorphological characters of natural orchids (species) is an important key for successful breeding program of orchids. This study was aimed to determine the morphological diversity and to study the genetic relationship among natural orchids from Java. The characterization was conducted on 12 orchids collected from Central, East and West Java from April to September 2012. Twenty five characters including stem, leaves, flower, pseudobulb, and root type were evaluated and scored based on Guidance of Orchid Characterization. Cluster analysis was done using the NTSYSpc version 2.02i under UPGMA function of SimQual. The study showed that there was a diversity on morphology of stem, pseudo bulb, leaf, flower and root type. Dendrogram based on genetic similarity at 52% clustered the population into two groups. The first group consisted of Paphiopedilum purpurascens, P. javanicum, P. glaucophylum, Coelogyne flexuosa, C. spesiosa, Dendrobium mutabile. Bulbophyllum blumei and B. biflorum. The second group was Coelogyne tomentosa, C. trinervis, D. crumenatum, and B. flavescens LindlKeywords: cluster analysis, dendrogram, diversity, morpholog
Analisis Genetik Sifat Ketahanan Melon (Cucumis melo L.) terhadap Virus Kuning
Get PDFABSTRACTResistance to yellow virus (YV) is an important breeding trait in melon. However information regarding genetic inheritance pattern of the character are limited. This study aimed to provide information on genetic control for resistance to YV in melon caused by Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV). Twenty genotypes from three major melon groups (dudaim, cantaloupe, and inodorous) were evaluated using controlled inoculation method. The results revealed that one line, MEV1 from the dudaim group, showed high resistance to YV; while other lines belong to cantaloupe and indororus indicated as highly susceptible lines. Screening of the F1 from crossing between resistant and susceptible parents resulted in resistant F1 after inoculation and planted in endemic location. Subsequently, evaluation on F2 population revealed a non-normal distribution for disease severity score, indicating that resistance to YV in melon was controlled by major genes. Chi-square (χ2) test resulted in 13:3 ratio and indicated that the resistance to YV was controlled by 2 genes pair with dominant and epistasis recessive actions.Keywords: dominant and epstasis recessive action, major gene, Bemicia tabaci, Begomoviru
Optimasi Dosis Pupuk Nitrogen dan Fosfor pada Bibit Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq. ) di Pembibitan Utama
Get PDFABSTRACTThe total area of oil palm plantation has grown rapidly in Indonesia since the last three decades. Oil palm extensification and replanting need high quality seedlings. Accurate rate of nitrogen and phosphor fertilizer are key factors to obtain high quality seedlings. The objective of this experiment was to determine the optimum rate of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers for oil palm seedling (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in main nursery and to obtain seedlings ready for field planting. This experiment was carried out at IPB Experimental Station, Cikabayan Dramaga, Bogor, from November 2011 to May 2012. The experiment was arranged in a factorial randomized block design with three replications. The first factor was N i.e. 0, 8.51, 17.02, and 34.04 g N plant-1 and the second was P i.e. 0, 2.28, 4.56, and 9.12 g P plant-1. The result of the experiment showed that vegetative growth increased with fertilizer application. The height of plant were affected by interaction between N and P significantly. The total leave number and stem diameter increased quadratically with fertilizer rate of N and were linearly increased with application of P. Application of N fertilizer influenced the chlorophyl content only at 5 months after planting, and did not significantly affect the stomatal density. The result of leaf analysis showed that nitrogen and phosphor content respectively were 3.43% and 0.28%, where both of them were above the critical level. The optimum rate of N for oil palm seedling during six months at the main nursery was 20.06 g plant-1, whereas P was 4.24 g plant-1.Keywords: fertilizer recommendation, physiological respons, vegetative growt
Induksi Tetraploid Tunas Pucuk Jeruk Siam Simadu (Citrus nobilis Lour) Menggunakan Kolkisin secara In Vitro
Get PDFSeedless fruit is one of the criteria (necessary) to improve the quality of Simadu tangerine. The most effective method to obtain seedless triploid cultivars is hybridisation between tetraploid and diploid parents. Simadu tangerine is a diploid plant. Tetraploid Simadu tangerine can be obtained with doubling chromosome using colchicines.The aim of this research was to obtain tetraploid Simadu tangerine shoot which would serve as parent to produced seedless Simadu tangerine. Shoot-tips of Simadu tangerine without leaves were treated with colchicines at four different concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3%) for 3 hours. The results showed that the high concentration of 0.3% reduced survival rate. The colchicine treatments reduced growth of shoot-tip of Simadu Tangerine.The leaves of colchicines treated shoots were thicker than control. Leaves from control (0% colchicine) and 0.1% colchicine treated shoots had 8.67 and 18.25 chloroplast per pair of guard cells. Compared to those of control, leaves with 0.1% colchicine had lower stomatal density, and larger stomatal size. It appeared that 0.1% colchicine treatment resulted in tetraploid Simadu Tangerine Shoot.Keywords:chloroplasts, doubling chromosomes, stomatal size, stomatal densit
Identification of Gene Related to Hard Bunch Phenotype in Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)
Get PDFABSTRACTMolecular genetic analysis of hard bunch phenomenon in oil palm was done in order to elucidate the role of genetic factor underlying hard bunch in oil palm plantation. The aim of this study was to identify the AFLP primer combination that co-segregates with hard bunch phenotype related gene in oil palm. Molecular analysis was done by bulk segregant analysis approach. DNA was isolated from leaves of the normal and hard bunch palm. DNA from ten individual palms from each category were pooled and used as a template. A total of 56 AFLP primer combinations were selected for selection of polymorphic primer, and as a result it was found that 22 AFLP primer combinations (39.28%) were polymorphic. A total of 48 individual of palm DNA containing 24 individual for each group were further genotyped by those 22 polymorphic markers. Of these, one AFLP primer combination (E-ACC/M-CTG) was obtained as a co-segregated marker that distinguished the hard bunch DNA from the normal one. Based on the analysis of the target sequence aligned to the oil palm DNA sequences available in database, we found that our sequence has similarity with Ty-1 copia retrotransposon. This sequence distribute in all 16 linkage group of oil palm genome.Keywords: abnormal fruits, AFLP, oil palm, Ty-1 copia retrotransposo