Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy)
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Response of Soybean Genotypes to Waterlogging
Get PDFNational demand on soybean can be full filled by extending production area including marginal lands. Tidal swamp is one of marginal lands which potentially can be cultivated for soybean production with the use of tolerant varieties to waterlogging. So far, there are only two varieties that are tolerant to tidal swamp condition. This research was conducted to study the response of soybean genotypes to waterlogging and to provide gene resources in breeding for tidal tolerant variety. The research was conducted from October 2007 to February 2008 in the glasshouse of Indonesian Legume and Tuber Crops Research Institute (ILETRI), Malang. The experimental design was split-plot with two replications; where the main plot was waterlogging treatment and the sub plot was soybean genotype (17 genotypes of ILETRI collection). The results showed that soybean genotypes had different responses to different water treatments, shown on the number of branches and reproductive nodes, the number of filled and unfilled pods, and yield (dry seeds) per plant. Waterlogging inhibited plant growth of all traits. Under waterlogging, the highest number of reproductive nodes and filled pods, and yield per plant was from MLGG 0537 i.e. 12.25, 19.25, and 3.13 g plant-1, respectively
Potensi Gangguan Gulma pada Tiga Sistem Budidaya Padi Sawah
Get PDFABSTRACTWeeds has become a big problem in system of rice intensification (SRI), integrated crop management (ICM) and conventional cultivation systems. The objective of the research was to study the dominancy and potential of harmful effect of weed in these three cultivation systems. The research was conducted at Sukamandi research station of Indonesian Center for Rice Research, Subang, from November 2013 to April 2014 during rainy season. The experiment was arranged in a split plot design with four replications. The cultivation systems was main plot consisted of system of rice intensification (SRI), integrated crop management (ICM) and conventional system. The weeding techniques as subplot consisted of no weeding, manual weeding, mechanical weeding and chemical weeding. The result showed that based on dry mass of weeds the highest risk of weed was exhibited at SRI with total dry mass of weed 51.53 g m-2 (0.5 ton ha-1) and the lowest was at conventional system with 32.45 g m-2 (0.3 ton ha-1). Proper weed control increased rice production by 28.9% for SRI, by 29.4% for ICM and by 14.6% for conventional cultivation systems. Keywords: dominant, weeding technique, SRI, ICM, conventional syste
The Effects of Cutting Heights and Intervals of Defoliation on Productivity and Nutrient Content of Brachiaria humidicola(Rendle) Schweick
Get PDFThe productivity of forage is strongly influenced by cutting height and interval of defoliation. Experiment was conducted at the Research Institute for Industrial Plants and Other Palm (BALITKA) Manado since June 2008 until April 2009. The objective of the experiment was to find out the effects of intensity and intervals of defoliation on dry weight production and the quality of nutrients. The experiment was arranged in factorial RCBD. The intensity of defoliation was based on cutting height, i.e. 5, 10, 15 cm, whereas the intervals of defoliation were 30, 45, 60 day and 456.54 Degree Days (DD). The data of dry weight production, leaf stem ratio, nutrient quality were collected. The results showed that there were significant effects of treatments on all parameters. Productivity of B. humidicolai terms of high dry weight yield, high leaf stem ratio and crude protein, low crude fiber and acid detergent fiber (ADF) content were found in the interaction of intensity 10 cm with the interval of defoliation among the vegetative development stage of 30 and 45 days, as well as the interval of defoliation based on heat unit accumulation of 456.54 DD. The research implies that a cutting height at 10 cm and interval of defoliation as mentioned above is ideal for B. humidicola. Utilization of growing degree days (GDD) to determine the appropriate time for defoliation is considerable under this experiment.Keywords: B. humidicola, defoliation, forage, nutrient, productivit
Toleransi Beberapa Genotipe Gandum (Triticum aestivum L.) Terhadap Kekeringan pada Stadia Perkecambahan
Get PDFABSTRACTDrought is a major abiotic stress impeding wheat production world wide. Selection of potentially drought tolerant genotypes are necessary for wheat improvement. The objective of this study was to test the tolerance level of nine wheat genotypes to drought stress at germination stage. Assesment at germination stage using osmoticum solution is an effective method for selecting tolerant genotypes to drougt stress in a short period of time. The experiment was arranged on a randomized complete block design with two factors and three replications. The first factor was wheat genotype consisted of Nias, Selayar, Dewata, H-20, Munal, SBD, SBR, S-03, and YMH. The second factor was concentration of PEG 6000 consisted of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%. Observation variables were germination percentage, shoot length, root length, number of root, number of leaf, seedling fresh weight, and seedling dry weight. Increasing level of PEG concentration inhibited the growth of wheat seedling. Based on the highes R2 value on the regression analysis, relative root length can be used as selection character. Based on RD50 value of relative root length, 15% PEG was determined concentration to select drought tolerant on wheat genotypes. Nias genotype was identified as tolerant genotype, while SBD, S-03, YMH, and Munal were identified as drought sensitive genotypes.Keywords: abiotic stress, osmotic potential, Polyethylene Glycol, RD50, relative root lengt
Pengaruh Pemberian Kayu Apu (Pistia stratiotes L.) dan Dosis Pupuk N, P , K pada Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Padi Sawah (Oryza sativa L.)
Get PDFAn experiment to study the effect of water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes L.) application and N, P, K fertilizer on growth and yield of rice was carried out on inceptisol soil at Mojosari Research Farm, Mojokerto, East Java, Indonesia, ± 100 m asl, from December 2007 to April 2008. The experiment was arranged in a Split Plot Design with three replications. Water lettuce application as main plot consisted of four treatments, they are: without water lettuce, water lettuce planted in the rice plot, water lettuce incorporated in the soil, and water lettuce applied as compost. Three dosages of N-P2O5 -K2O fertilizer as sub plot consisted of 135-27-30, 101.25-20.25-22.5, and 67.5-13.5-15 kg ha-1. The results showed that the application of 135-27- 30 or 101.25-20.25-22.5 kg N-P2O5 -K2O ha-1 and the application of water lettuce did not signifi cantly affect rice yields. The combination of 135-27-30 or 135-27-30 kg N-P2O5 -K2O of ha-1 and 3 ton water lettuce compost ha-1 increased the growth of rice at 30 days after sowing. Application of water lettuce did not interact with N, P and K fertilizer application in affecting rice yield components.Keywords: fertilizer, low external input, rice, water lettuc
Yield Stability and Adaptability of Aromatic New Plant Type (NPT) Rice Lines
Get PDFAromatic new plant type (NPT) rice lines were selected to obtain high yielding and aromatic lines. The objectives of the research were to study the yield stability and adaptability of 35 NPTrice lines across different environment, with Ciherang and Sintanur as check varieties. The lines planted at two locations, Bogor and Pusakanagara in two seasons (2009 dry and wet seasons, DS-WS). The experiment used randomized complete block design (RCBD), with three replications. The 21-day-old seedlings were planted with spacing of 20 cm x 20 cm, with a plot size of 2 m x 5 m. Yield stability and adaptability were estimated by using coeffi cient regression (bi) and general mean of yield by Finlay-Wilkinson method. Combined analysis of variance showed that lines (G), environment (E), and the G x E interaction were signifi cantly different. Lines showed different stability and adaptability . Several lines yielded higher than Ciherang variety . Nine lines were classifi edasstable and widely adapted at the marginal environment, i.e IPB 116-F-3-1, IPB 117-F-4-1, IPB-117-F-14-2, IPB-117-F-15-2, IPB-117-F-17-5, IPB 140-F-1-1, 140-F-IPB, 2-1, IPB 140-F-3, and IPB 149-F-2. Lines IPB 113-F-2, IPB 140-F-4, IPB 140-F-6, IPB 140-F-7, and B11738-MR-Si-1-2-1-2 were not stable and adapted only in optimum environmental condition (bi > 1) while IPB 116-F-46-1, IPB-117-F 17-4, IPB-117-F 18-3 and B11955-MR-84-1-4 has the value of bi < 1 or adaptable to marginal environments.Keywords: aromatic rice, NPT rice, yield stabilit
Pengaruh Perlakuan Ethyl Methane Sulfonate pada Tanaman Cabai (Capsicum annuum L.) dan Ketahanannya terhadap Chilli Veinal Mottle Virus (ChiVMV)
Get PDFEthyl Methane Sulfonate (EMS) may induce mutation leading to somaclonal variation if it is used at the appropriate combination of EMS concentration and exposure time. Variation in somaclonal might be valuable as a source of resistance to plant pathogens including plant viruses. This study was aimed 1) to determine the optimum EMS concentration and incubation time that may induce somaclonal variation in chilli pepper; and 2) to evaluate the resistance of the somaclone to ChiVMV infection. Shoot-tip explants of fi ve chilli pepper genotypes (Jatilaba, ICPN 12#4, PBC495, Helem, and Gelora) were treated with EMS at combination of different concentrations (0.25%, 0.5% 1.0% and control), and incubation time (15, 30, 60 min). Subsequently, each explant was grown in multiplication media (MS media + 5 mg L -1 BAP + 0.5 mg L-1 TDZ), rooting media (MS media + 1 mg L-1 NAA), and acclimatization media (mixture of soil : sand : compost 2:1:1 w/w). Our results showed that the higher EMS concentration and the longer incubation period the smaller the number of survive explants. The highest survival rate 20.4 % was achieved with 0.5% EMS in combination with 60 min incubation period. This treatment combination also showed induction of phenotypic variation. Two somaclonal plants derived from Gelora genotype, designated as somaclones K1 and K2, survived until fruit development and maturation. A total of 245 progenies of K1 and 243 progenies of K2, respectively were evaluated for their resistance to ChiVMV infection through mechanical inoculation using ChiVMV-Cikabayan isolate. Following the detection of ChiVMV using DAS-ELISA, it was confi rmed that 4.09% of the somaclonal progenies were resistance to ChiVMV. Keywords: Capsicum annuum L., ChiVMV, ethyl methane sulfonate, induce mutation, resistanc
Optimasi Dosis Pupuk Nitrogen dan Fosfor pada Tanaman Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Belum Menghasilkan Umur Satu Tahun
Get PDFABSTRACTThe accuracy of fertilizer dosage for one-year-old oil palm plants is very important. The objective of the research was to determine the optimum rates of Nitrogen and Phosphorus fertilizers for young oil palm. The experiment was conducted at IPB-Cargill Teaching Farm of Oil Palm at Jonggol, from March 2013-March 2014. This study consisted of two separate experiments namely (1) Optimizing Nitrogen and (2) Optimizing Phosphorus. Both experiments used randomized block design with one factor and three replications. The treatments were five rates of nitrogen or phosphorus (0, 135, 270, 405, 540 g N per plant; 0, 135, 270, 405, 540 g P2O5 per plant). The results showed that nitrogen fertilizer rates increased height linearly at 10 month after treatment (MAT) and quadratically at 12 MAT. Stem girth, frond production and leaf area of 9th frond increased quadratically with N rates (9, 10, 12 MAT). Nitrogen fertilizer quadratically increased leaf chlorophyll content (12 MAT), but did not significantly affected leaf-N content. Phosphorus fertilizer increased palm height linearly (9, 10 MAT) and quadratically (12 MAT). Phosphorus linearly increased stem girth (12 MAT) and quadratically (9, 10 MAT). Frond production was quadratically increased with phosphorus rates (9, 10, 12 MAT). Phosphorus linearly increased leaf area of 9th frond (9 MAT) and quadratically (12 MAT). The optimum rates of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers for one year old plant was 382 g N and 331 g P2O5 per plant, respectively.Keywords: inorganic, nutrient, optimum rates, single fertilize
Karakter Morfologi dan Fisiologi yang Berkaitan dengan Efisiensi Pemakaian Air pada Beberapa Varietas Padi Gogo
Get PDFABSTRACTUpland rice cultivation required specific cultivation, particularly the use of crop varieties that have good water-use efficiency or varieties that are able to adapt to the conditions of limited water availability. The aim of this study was to describe characters of morphology and physiology related to water use efficiency of upland rice varieties. The research was conducted from October 2013 to April 2014 in the greenhouse IPB Experimental Station Cikabayan, Bogor. The research was arranged in randomized block design with two factors. The first factor was 5 upland rice varieties (Inpago 5, Batutegi, Jatiluhur, Inpago 8 and Sarinah). The second factor was 4 irrigation intervals which were 3, 6, 9, and 12 days. Characteristics assosiated with water saving of upland rices were higher plant height, longer panicle, larger roots volume, narrower leaves, higher evapotranspiration, faster flowering phase, greener leaves, higher number of leaves and tillers, heavier dry matter, higher number of grains, heavier 100 grain weight and dry weight of grains. The fraction of available absorbed water at panicle initiation, flowering and harvesting were 83.36%, 137.14% and 116.65%, respectively, to obtain dry grains of 3.39 ton ha-1.Keywords: evapotranspiration, water fraction, WU
Priming Benih Padi (Oryza sativa L.) dengan Zn untuk Meningkatkan Vigor Bibit pada Cekaman Terendam
Get PDFSeed priming has been widely used to improve seedling vigor of several crops such as corn, wheat, and rice. Seed priming with zinc to increase seedling tolerance on submergence stress had never been evaluated. The objective of this research was to identify agronomical and physiological characteristics of several rice genotypes during seedling stage at submergence stress following zinc priming treatment. This research used factorial randomized block design with three replications. The first factor was rice genotypes and second factor was zinc solution of ZnSO4.7H2O. Seeds were soaked with Zn solution at different concentrations namely 0, 2.5, dan 5.0 mM respectively for 24 hours. After that the seeds were germinated on soil media in side the plastic box. Fourteen days-old seedling were submerged in water for 5 days and then return to normal condition for recovery. Parameters being observed included seedling dry weight, shoot carbohydrate, and leaves chlorophyl which were measured after 10 days of recovery. Seedling height was measured once a week from 2nd to 4th week. Results showed that intolerant genotypes to submergence stress grew faster but seedling dry weight, shoot carbohydrate and leaves chlorophyll content were lower compared to those tolerant genotypes. Local and national varieties which were not tolerant to submergence stress could be improved by priming treatment with 5.0mM zinc.Keywords: abiotic-stress, seeds- primin