Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy)
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Effects of Dry Spirulina platensis and Antitranspirant on Growth and Yield of Chili Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
Get PDFABSTRACTChili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plant is very sensitive to nutrient deficiences. The alternative effective approach is trough application of bio stimulator. The objective of this research was to study the effect of Spirulina platensis dry biomass and antiranspirant on chili pepper growth and yield. This research was conducted at Dramaga District, Bogor Regency, West Java Indonesia from February to July 2014. The experiment was arranged in a factorial split plot design with three replications. The main plot was S. platensis application which consisted of two levels, i.e., without S. platensis (control) and with S. platensis application (S1). The subplot was antitranspirant which consisted of three levels of interval application, there were without antitranspirant (A0), weekly (A1) and fortnightly (A2). The results showed that application of S. platensis and antitranspirant had no significant effect on physiological responses, vegetative growth and yield components. Application of S. platensis and antitranspirant weekly on chili pepper increased marketable product by 2.1%..Keywords: S. platensis, bio stimulator, nutrien
Radiosensitivitas dan Heritabilitas Ketahanan terhadap Penyakit Antraknosa pada Tiga Populasi Cabai yang Diinduksi Iradiasi Sinar Gamma
Get PDFABSTRACTCommercial varieties of chili is still susceptible to anthracnose disease. Anthracnose is one of diseases which caused yield loss about 10-80% in rainy season and 2-35% in dry season. One of the disease control method is to develop new varieties resistant to anthracnose through gamma-ray irradiation. This research was aimed to determine radiosensitivity level and heritability of chili which generated by mutation inductions of three genotypes: IPB C2, IPB C10, and IPB C15. Seed of the three genotypes were irradiated by gamma rays at dosages of 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900 and 1,000 Gy. The LD50 in IPB C2, IPB C10, and IPB C15 were 317.9, 591.4, and 538.8 Gy, respectively. The character of IPB C2 mutants ranged between very susceptible to resistant against anthracnose disease, IPB C10 tended to very susceptible to highly resistant, and genotype IPB C15 tended to susceptible to highly resistant. Genotype IPB C2 had high level in heritability for disease resistance character, while medium level in heritability value was obtained on genotype IPB C10 and IPB C15.Keywords: genotype, LD50, mutant, mutation, see
The Screening of Aluminum Tolerant Upland Rice Varieties
Get PDFThe screening of aluminum (Al) tolerant upland rice variety was studied with the objectives were: (1) to determine the most suitable method for selection of aluminum-tolerant upland rice variety and 2) to investigate the agronomic characteristics and the physiological adaptation mechanisms of aluminum-tolerant upland rice variety. The experiment was undertaken in two steps: 1) Screening of upland rice varieties which tolerant to Al stress using completely randomized design, and 2) screening of aluminum-tolerant varieties through factorial experiment with complete randomized design. The experiment showed that 1) screening of upland rice variety that tolerant and sensitive to aluminum stress can be administered by comparing root dry weights in aluminum stressed condition and in unstressed condition, 2) in term of agronomical aspect, aluminum stress-tolerant upland rice shows good growth, and the higher level of aluminum tolerance seems to have emanated from efficient NO3-, NH4+, and Ca2+ metabolism. Upland rice varieties recommended for cultivation in upland mineral acid area include Pandak Putih, Mulut Harimau, Kuning, Rantau Mudiak Kelabu, Towuti, and Sedane Tinggi.Keywords: aluminum, Ca2+, NH4+, NO3-, uptak
Pertumbuhan Kecambah Aren (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb.) Merr) dari Pohon Induk Berbeda Ketinggian dengan Pemberian Pupuk Organik
Get PDFThe aim of this research was to study the growth of sugar palm seedling from different altitudes of mother plant, growing in different organic media. The experiment was conducted at Seed Technology Laboratory and Academic Garden of Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University, from February to July 2008. The experimental design was factorial randomized block design with two factors. The first factor was seed from different altitudes of mother plant sources, i.e, : from Parigi (<500 m asl), from Palolo (500-1,000 m asl), and from Napu (>1,000 m asl). The second factor was types of organic fertilizers added on soil taken from sugar palm land. The organic fertilizer treatments were without fertilizer, manure, compost of rice husk, and sugar palm residue. Each experimental unit was comprised of 25 seeds with three replications. The results showed that seeds from Parigi grown in media with compost of rice husk gave a better growth than other treatments. Germination percentage at this treatment was 88.01% and dry weight of seedlings was 0.41 g in average, eligible to be transferred to main nursery
Pengaruh Perlakuan Benih secara Hayati pada Benih Padi Terinfeksi Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae terhadap Mutu Benih dan Pertumbuhan Bibit
Get PDFBacterial leaf blight, the disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), a seedborne pathogen, has been known to reduce rice yield by 50%. In this study, two consecutive experiments were conducted in order to investigate the effect of various biological seed treatments applied on rice seeds artifi cially infected by Xoo on seed quality and seedling growth. Laboratory experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design while greenhouse experiment was arranged in a completely randomized block design. In both experiments, 12 seed treatments were applied: un-infected seeds (negative control) without seed treatment, Xoo infected seeds (positive control) without seed treatment, infected seeds soaked in bactericide Agrept 0.2%, infected seeds soaked in biological agent suspension isolate A6, infected seeds soaked in A54 isolate, infected seeds soaked in 5/B isolate, infected seeds soaked in 11/C isolate, infected seeds matriconditioned + A6 isolate, infected seeds matriconditioned + A54 isolate, infected seeds matriconditioned + 5/B isolate, and infected seeds matriconditioned + 11/C isolate. Soaking seeds either in Agrept 0.2% or in biological agent suspension was conducted for 30 h. Matriconditioning was conducted using ratio of seeds to carrier (burned rice hull 32 mesh) to biological agent suspension or bactericide solution of 1.0 (g) :0.8 (g): 1.2 (mL) for 30 h in air-conditioned room ca. 25 oC. Results of experiments showed that all biological seed treatments could suppress Xoo in rice seeds. Matriconditioning plus biological agent (isolate A6), biopriming with isolate A6 or isolate A54 were the best seed treatments to improve seed viability and vigor. In greenhouse experiment, matriconditioning plus isolate A54 was the best seed treatment to increase seedling growth.Keywords: biopriming, matriconditioning, rhizobacteria, seed health, viabilit
Respon Anatomi dan Fisiologi Akar Kedelai terhadap Cekaman Kekeringan
Get PDFABSTRACTDrought stress in crop occurs due to imbalance between demand and supply of water. Crop responses to drought stress depend on their genotypes. Drought stress causes anatomical changes and root damage. The objective of this research was to study the effect of drought stress on anatomy and physiology of soybean root. The research was conducted at Laboratory of Microtechnique, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Bogor Agricultural University in November 2013. A Completely Randomized Design with two factors was used in the research i.e. soybean genotypes (Wilis, PG 57-1, SC 39-1) and PEG (0, 20%) with three replications. The result showed that genotype and PEG affected the size of the cortex, stele, and xylem. PG 57-1 genotype showed the decrease of cortical thickness, diameter of stele and the diameter of xylem, on the other hand, in SC 39-1, there was an increase. Drought stress (PEG 20%) could also cause damage to the root membrane as indicated by the occurrence of lipid peroxides. Wilis and PG 57-1 were tolerant while SC 39-1 was sensitive to drought stress.Keywords:cortex, lipid peroxides, PEG, Schiff’s reagent, xyle
Respon Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Jintan Hitam (Nigella sativa L.) dengan Pemupukan Nitrogen dan Fosfor
Get PDFABSTRACTBlack cumin (Nigella sativa L.) is a native medicinal plant to subtropical West Asia and the Mediterranean regions. So far, information regarding black cumin fertilization is still limited. The objectives of this study was to obtain the optimum rate of N and P fertilizer in order to promote the growth and production of black cumin under tropical climates. This research was conducted at Manoko Experimental Station, Lembang, West Java from October 2012 to January 2013. The research was arranged in randomized complete block design with two factors and three replications. The first factor was four rates of N fertilizer (0, 40, 80, 120 kg N ha-1), and the second factor was four rates of P fertilizer (0, 40, 80, 120 kg P2O5 ha-1). The results showed that application of N and P fertilizers increased plant height, leaf number, branch number, leaf area, leaf area index, relative growth rate, net assimilation rate, plant dry weight, number of capsule per plant, number of seed per capsule, seed weight per plant, and weight of 1,000 seeds. Moreover, growth and production of black cumin still increased at the highest rates of N and P fertilizers, therefore, it is necessary to study for N and K at higher rates in order to obtain optimum production rate.Keywords: medicinal plant, rate of fertilizer, tropica
Rekomendasi Pemupukan Kalium untuk Tanaman Nenas Berdasarkan Status Hara Tanah
Get PDFPotassium (K) is required in a large amount for plant growth and production of most fruit crops, including pineapple. However, excess application may decrease its growth and production. Therefore, fertilizer application must be site specifi c, based on soil nutrient status and plant requirements. The aims of the research were (1) to determine the soil K nutritional status of pineapple and (2) to determine the optimum dosage of K fertilization for pineapple grown in Sawah Baru, Darmaga, Bogor. The research was conducted using split plot randomized block design with fi ve soil K status as main plots i.e. 0, 70, 140, 210, and 280 kg K2O ha-1 representing status levels of very low, low, moderate, high, and very high, respectively. The sub plot was dosage of K fertilizer i.e. 0, 200, 400, 600, and 800 kg K2O ha-1. The result of the research showed that plant growth and production of pineapple were improved by soil K nutrient status and dosage of K application. The level of soil K nutrient availability was classifi ed into low (<14 ppm K2O), medium (14-50 ppm K2O), and high (>50 ppm K2O). Potassium fertilizer is recommended for the soil with low soil K status of 634 kg K2O ha-1
Peranan Pupuk Organik dan NPK Majemuk terhadap Pertumbuhan Kelapa Sawit TBM 1 di Lahan Marginal
Get PDFABSTRACTOil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is the most efficient vegetable oil producer. It produces five to seven times more vegetable oil per hectare than the other vegetable oil producing crops. The objective of this research was to study the role of organic and NPK compound fertilizers application to one-year-old oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) on marginal land. The research was conducted at IPB-Cargilll Teaching Farm of Oil Palm, Jonggol, Bogor, West Java from March 2013 to March 2014. The experiment was carried out as factorial experiment in a randomized block design with three replications. The first factor was organic fertilizer consisted of 0, 15, and 30 kg per palm. The second factor was NPK compound fertilizers 15:15:15 consisted of 0, 1.3 and 2.6 kg per palm. The results showed that no interaction effect between organic and NPK compound fertilizers on all of variables observed. Marginal soils in Jonggol required high rate of fertilizers to produce good performance of one-year-old oil palm. Application of 30 kg organic fertilizer per palm or 2.6 kg NPK compound fertilizers 15:15:15 per palm resulted in the highest vegetative growth of one-year-old oil palm on marginal land in Jonggol.Keywords: cow dung, critical nutrient level, slow release fertilizer, Ultisols, vegetative growt
Perubahan Karakter Agronomi Aksesi Plasma Nutfah Kedelai di Lingkungan Ternaungi
Get PDFExcessive shading during plant growth is one of the factors that might decrease the productivity of crops. The aim of this study was to determine agronomic characters of soybean germplasms grown under shaded environment. The research was carried out at Kendalpayak experimental station (grey Alluvial soil, 450 m above the sea level with C3 climate type) during dry season in Malang, from February to April 2006. The experimental design used was Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The genetic material observed were 120 accessions of Balitkabi’s soybean germplasm; the treatments were without shading and 50% shading using shading net. The results showed that 50% shading decreased plant age to harvest, increased plant height, and reduced the number of pods and seed weight compared to those in no shading environment. Based on Stress Tolerancy Index (STI) analysis on the seed weight per plant, fi ve accessions i.e. MLGG 0845, MLGG 3335, MLGG 0010, MLGG 0771, and Wilis demonstrated high tolerance on 50% shad