Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy)
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Keragaan Varietas dan Galur Padi Tipe Baru Indonesia dalam Sistem Ratun
Get PDFEighteen Indonesian new plant type (NPT) of rice varieties and lines were evaluated in a ratoon system. The results showed that ratooning ability was related to the vegetative growth prior to harvest, which gave high ability ratoon growth. New plant type varieties and several lines of rice had better vegetative growth and produced higher ratoon than other genotypes. Ratoons started to develop 2-7 days after harvest, with an average number of leaf 2-4 per tiller. Number of productive tillers of ratoon ranged from 6.0 to 30.0 per hill, with number of grain per panicle ranged from 38.0 to 228.2, and grain weight per hill of ratoon 10.4 to 31.2 g, dependent on genotypes. Maturity of ratoon was also dependent on genotypes. On average, maturity was 68 days after harvest of the main crop. Grouping of ratooning ability based on hierarchical cluster analysis resulted in three groups, namely nine genotypes had high potential, fi ve genotypes had medium potential, and four genotypes had low potential. This study indicated that ratoon is potential to increase rice planting index in Indonesia. The genotypes with high ratoon ability need to be evaluated for agronomic performance in the fi eld. Keywords: new plant type, ratooning ability, ric
Tanggap Tiga Varietas Padi Sawah terhadap Kombinasi Pemupukan dengan Sistem Pembenaman Jerami
Get PDFABSTRACTDegradation of soil fertility due to inaccurate application of fertilizer become one of the factors causing the stagnant rice productivity improvement in Indonesia. Straw incorporation, organic fertilizers and biofertilizers applications potentially reduces a rates of inorganic fertilizers and improves soil fertility. The aim of this study was to evaluate growth and yield of 3 lowland rice varieties (high yielding variety, new plant type, and local variety) in response to reduce NPK rates with straw incorporation, organic fertilizer, and biofertilizer in 7th planting season. The research was conducted at rice field in Karawang, West Java, from April-August 2013. The research was arranged in split plot randomized block design with 3 replications. The main plot was fertilizer application consisted of 10 treatments (combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers), while the sub plot was rice varieties (Ciherang, IPB 3S, and Mentik Wangi). The application of inorganic fertilizer, 400 kg NPK 30-6-8 ha-1, was control treatment. Plot size was 6.5 m x 10 m, with a double row spacing (25 cm x 15 cm x 50 cm). The result showed that growth of the three varieties was not significantly different so as the yield at 50% reduced NPK rate with incorporation of straw, organic fertilizer and biofertilizer. Adding of solid and liquid organic fertilizer, and biofertilizers on treatment of straw incorporation + 50% NPK rate was unnecessary due to insignificant yield increase.Keywords: Ciherang, fertilizer, IPB 3S, local variety, Mentik Wangi, new plant typ
Induksi Poliploidi Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Blume dan Phalaenopsis amboinensis J. J. Smith dengan Kolkisin dalam Kultur In Vitro
Get PDFABSTRACTPhalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Blume and Phalaenopsis amboinensis J.J. Smith (diploid) are important in Phalaenopsis breeding. Polyploid species are needed for crossing with polyploid hybrid varities of Phalaenopsis. The objectives of this study were to obtain effective concentration of colchicine to induce polyploidy and to produce polyploid plantlets of P. amabilis and P. amboinensis. Experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design with one factor, the colchicine concentration. Protocorms of P. amabilis and P. amboinensis were immersed in half strength of Murashige-Skoog (1/2 MS) liquid media added with colchicine (0; 0.5; 5; 25; 50, and 75 mg L-1) for 10 days. The results showed that higher concentration of colchicine on both species did not have significant effect on the survival of the plantlets at 24 weeks after treatment. The average number of leaves and roots of colchicine treated planlets from both species were less than the control plantlets. Immersing protocorm in colchicine at concentration of 50 mg L-1 for 10 days was effective in inducing polyploid plantlets of P. amabilis and P. amboinensis with the frequency of 33.3% and 40%, respectively. Polyploid plantlet has larger stomata size and lower stomata density than the diploid ones.Keywords: chromosome number, colchicine, polyploid, protocorm, stomatal density, stomatal siz
Hasil dan Komponen Hasil Galur-Galur Kedelai di Dua Lokasi
Get PDFABSTRACTGenotype x environment interaction always presents in soybean multilocation trials in Indonesia. The objective of the research was to determine the performance of yield and yield components of soybean promising lines in two locations. A total of 11 promising lines, and three check varieties (Tanggamus, Wilis, and Anjasmoro) were evaluated in NTB and DIY in dry season 2013. The design was randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that yield and yield components were influenced by locations, genotypes and genotypes x locations interaction, except for days to maturity which was not influenced by the location. Number of filled pods had a significant positive correlation with grain yield of soybean. TGM/Anj-773 line had high average yield at two locations and higher than the check variety (Tanggamus).Keywords: correlation, genotype x environment, Glycine ma
Pengaruh Panjang Hari, Asam Indol Asetat, dan Fosfor terhadap Tanaman Kedelai dan Kualitas Benih dalam Penyimpanan
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to investigate the effect of photoperiod, indole acetic acid (IAA), and phosphorus on soybean plant growth and seed quality during storage. The trial was carried out at Sebapo Experimental Station, Jambi, Center for Post Harvest Research and Development, The Ministry of Agriculture and Center for Forest Research and Development, The Ministry of Forestry, Bogor from November 2009 until June 2010. Split-split plot design was used consisted of three factors, i.e. photoperiods (12 and 14 hours 54 minutes) as the main plot, concentrations of IAA (0, 75, and 150 ppm) as subplot, and dosages of phosphorus (0, 60, and 120 kg P2O5 ha-1) as subplot. The result showed that photoperiod, IAA, and phosphorus application had significantly improved production and seed quality. The path analysis showed that the weight of 1,000 seeds affected other variables. The seed protein content has the largest path coefficient compared to other variables. The treatment of mother plant with 14 hours 54 minutes photoperiod combined with IAA of 150 ppm and P2O5 of 120 kg ha-1 resulted in the highest seed quality during 90 days of storage in room temperature
Repellent Plants and Seed Treatments for Organic Vegetable Soybean Production
Get PDFThe research was conducted to study the effect of repellent plants and seed treatments on growth and production of organically grown vegetable soybean. The experiment was carried out at Cikarawang Research Station, Bogor, from September 2005 to May 2006. The organic experiment was arranged in a split plot design using four species of companion plants as repellent plants, i.e. Tagetes erecta, Cymbopogon nardus, Ocimum gratissimum, Tephrosia vogelii, and without repellent plants as the main plot, and seed treatments i.e. galangal oil, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and without seed treatments as sub plot using 3 replications and conventional system (using pesticides) as control. Plants grown under conventional system had a greater fresh pod weight (6.7 kg. 10 m-2) than those in organic system (4.80-5.79 kg. 10 m-2), a lower insect infestation (19.17, 22.92 and 32.50%) and disease prevalence (9.17, 11.42 and 14.42%), at 6, 7 and 8 Week After Planting (WAP) respectively, than the organic system. In the organic experiment, the use of O. gratissimum as repellent plants resulted in a significantly lowest empty pod per plant (0.79 g). T. erecta and O. gratissimum without seed treatment, P. fluorescens without repellent plants, and T. vogelii with galangal oil seed treatment has the significant lowest insect infestation at 6 WAP of 20.67, 23.00, 26.67 and 27.33%, respectively. An organic system using repellent plants had a significantly lower insect infestation at 8 WAP (35.67-40.33%, O. gratissimum being the lowest) than without repellent plants (50.56%). Seed treatments on organic system had the lower disease prevalence at 8 WAP (33.87% on P. fluorescens and 35.47% on galangal oil) than without seed treatments (37.73%). Number of root nodules (11.6-16.7 to 7.8) and root nodules dry weight (0.068- 0.101 to 0.040 g) of the organic system were greater than the conventional system. Soybean without repellent plants had a greater number of harvestable plants (137.3), but it was fewer than the conventional system (158.3
Analisis Marka RAPD yang Terpaut dengan Toleransi terhadap Naungan pada Kedelai
Get PDFThe objective of the research was to identify RAPD markers linked to QTL related to agronomic traits of soybean under low-light intensity condition. The genetic material used in the QTL analysis based on RAPD Markers were Ceneng, Godek, and F6 RILs derived from hybridization between Ceneng (tolerant parent) and Godek (sensitve parent). The results of molecular analysis showed that 9 primers were polymorphic and linked to the tolerant parent. Primers produce 14 RAPD markers which were polymorphic and linked to the tolerant parent. The markers were distributed into a linkage group that containing seven markers. RAPD Markers (OPE15-800, OPM20-800) were linked to two QTL controlling number of productive node and seed weight, respectively. The marker linked to the tolerant parent could be used as a marker assisted selection for high-yielding soybean lines under low-light intensit
Kendali Genetik Toleransi Kekeringan pada Padi Sawah (Oryza sativa L.)
Get PDFABSTRACTDrought has become a main barrier of rainfed rice in dry climate and short wet season areas. Growing drought-tolerance varieties is a practical approach to minimize yield lost of rice by the drought stress condition. The aims of this research were to examine the inheritance of drought tolerance character, to identify selection traits, and to estimate genetic gain for drought tolerant on lowland rice. Four rice varieties, i.e., Jatiluhur, Mentik Wangi, IR64, Way Apo Buru, were fully diallel crossed. The parent varieties and the F1’s were grown at Sawah Baru, Dramaga experimental field in two irrigation treatments, optimum and sub optimum where irrigation was applied until three weeks after transplanting. A randomized complete block design with three replications for each irrigation treatment was applied to the experiment. The results showed that there is a significant maternal effect on tiller number. The values of additive variance were higher than the dominance for all other characters except tiller number and grain weight per plant. The highest value for narrow sense heritability was achieved by panicle length.Keywords: diallel, drought, genetic, ric
Aplikasi Bakteri Probiotik untuk Meningkatkan Mutu Fisiologi dan Kesehatan Bibit Cabai (Capsicum annuum L.)
Get PDFABSTRACTThe use of probiotic bacteria as biocontrol agents is one of the methods of controlling anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum acutatum. The objective of this research was to suppress the infection of C. acutatum and increase chilli pepper seedling vigour. The research involved factorial experiments arranged in a completely randomized design with two factors. The first factor was seed coating involving six treatments, i.e., control, seed coating without bacteria, seed coating with Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Actinomycetes sp, and fungicide. The second factor was the seed storage period where six storage periods were experimented, i.e., 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 months. The results showed that the coating treatment of Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Actinomycetes sp. improved germination, growth rate and number of leaves and reduced the incidence of attacks and infection of hypocotyls at 5 month storage period.Keywords: Actinomycetes sp., Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., seed coating, storage perio
Evaluasi Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Arachis pintoi sebagai Biomulsa pada Budidaya Tanaman di Lahan Kering Tropis
Get PDFABSTRACTCover crops is widely used as biomulch because of its advantages for land conservation, weed control and increasing soil nutrients, especially in upland agriculture. The objective of the research was to study the growth and development of Arachis pintoi as biomulch in upland agriculture. The experiment was carried out at IPB Experimental Field from February until May 2014. Observation was done everyweek up to 12 weeks with 10 plants were used for each observation. One stolon of A. pintoi with 4 internodes was planted in each 0.25 m2 plot. The results showed that root initiation of A. pintoi was occured at 3 weeks after planting (wap) and produced 42.4 roots with average root length of 17.10 cm on 12 wap.A. pintoi had nett assimilation rate of 0.0023 g cm-2 per day and relative growth rate of 0.052 g per day. With this growth rate, A. pintoi covered 58% of 0.25 m2 plot and produced biomass 10.08 g per plant within 12 wap. A. pintoi produced flowers on 4 wap and pods on 7 wap. A. pintoi produced root nodules through mutualism symbiosis with local Rhizobium. The equation for rate of coverage is Coverage (%) = 5.273 Time (wap)-16.512; 100% land coverage can be reached on 22 wap. Based on the results of this study, A. pintoi is potential to be used as biomulch; however, a denser spacing must be applied for faster land coverage.Keywords: land coverage, mulch, Rhizobium, stolo