Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy)
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Deteksi Kestabilan Genetik Ramet Kelapa Sawit Hasil Kultur In Vitro Menggunakan SSR
Get PDFABSTRACTCommercial production of oil palm ramet requires the guarantee of high genetic stability. The objectives of this research were to determine 1) genetic diversity of ortet as source of explant, and 2) genetic stability of ramet derived from ortet propagated through tissue culture. Genetic stability analysis was done using ramet from five Tenera (D×P) oil palm ortets.As many as 20 ramets were randomly chosen from each ortet. A total of 100 ramets were used for genetic stability analysis. Genetic similarity analysis was analyzed using NTSyspc version 2.1 software with method Similarity for Qualitative Data and Unweighted Pair Group Method Aritmatic (UPGMA). The results indicated 20 SSR primer pairs were polymorphic and could form 44 alleles. As many as 80% of ramets from IS 3 ortet showed genetic similarity ranged from 97-100% to the ortet. All ramets derived from IS 10, IS 20 and IS 40 ortet had 90-100% of genetic similarity to its respective ortet. Futhermore, 95% of ramets from IS 39 ortet had 97-100% of genetic similarity to the ortet.Keywords: Elaeis guineensis Jacq., genetic similarity, tissue cultur
Karakter Morfologi dan Potensi Produksi Beberapa Aksesi Sagu (Metroxylon spp.) di Kabupaten Sorong Selatan, Papua Barat
Get PDFABSTRACTSago palm is a carbohydrate source which has the highest carbohydrate content compared to the other crops. It can produce about 200-400 kg per trunk of sago dry starch. More than 50% sago palm population in the world are grown in Indonesia and 90% sago palm in Indonesia is found in Papua. This research was aimed to characterize several sago palm accessions in South Sorong District, West Papua. There were 12 accessions observed, i.e. Fasai, Fasampe, Falia, Fanomik, Fasongka, Fafion, Fakattao, Fanke, Fablen, Failik, Fakreit and Fasinan. Among these accessions, there were many differences based on morphological characteristics such as shoots color, crown shape, trunk height, number of leaf, existence of spine, starch content, also pith and starch color. Fablen was the only non-spiny type. Most of sago accessions were high yielding accessions with the potential yield more than 200 kg per trunk of sago dry starch. Fanomik had the highest potential yield. Sago palm productivity in the natural forest of Saifi Subdistrict, South Sorong District, West Papua was estimated to reach approximately 34.59 ton ha-1 per year of sago dry starch. Keywords: accessions, starch, yield, foo
Pollen Viability and Pollen Tube Growth of IPB’s Papaya
Get PDFThe purpose of the research was to examine the pollen germination process and growth rate of pollen tubes of papaya. Pollen tube growth of nine genotypes of papaya (IPB 1, IPB 2, IPB 3, IPB 4, IPB 5, IPB 7, IPB 8, IPB 9, and IPB 10) was investigated in this experiment in order to study their pollen germination rate and pollen viability. The fresh pollen were excised from the fl owers of papaya grown at Tajur Field Station of Research Center for Tropical Fruit, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Bogor. The extracted pollen was cultured aseptically on the Brewbaker and Kwack medium (pH 7.3) at ambient temperature of 26-28 °C. Pollen germination and pollen tube growth was observed under optical microscope with 100 and 400 magnifi cation. Papaya pollen viability was not associated with size-based categories of papaya fruits. IPB 4 had the longest pollen tube at fi rst 30 minutes after germination (115.5 µm), whereas IPB 10 had the shortest (99.5 µm). The distance from stigma to ovary in hermaphrodite fl owers varies with genotypes, ranging from 7.38 to 13.44 mm. Average length of pollen tube within four hours of germination for small papaya fruit category (IPB 1, IPB 3, and IPB 4) was 1,030.67 ± 19.14 μm, while the distance between stigma and ovary was short (14.85 ± 2.19 mm) so that the expected of fertilization process occurred sooner. At the end of the experiment (four hours after germination), IPB 1 genotype had the longest pollen tube (1,052 µm) while IPB 9 genotype (913 µm) had the shortest pollen tube. Genotype with the highest percentage of germination at the end experiment was IPB 2 (65.65%), whereas the lowest was IPB 7 (42.56%)
Studi Pemberian Kalsium untuk Mengatasi Getah Kuning pada Buah Manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.)
Get PDFGamboge is the main problem in mangosteen agribusiness because it is one of the major factors lowering fruit quality. Calcium is one of the important elements that strengthening cell wall; it is which was binding with the pectin as a middle lamella component. The objectives of the research were to study the effect of calcium application on the presence of gamboge spots, physical, and chemical properties of mangosteen fruit. Trial was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in two consecutive years. The calcium source was dolomite, applied in four different dosages, i.e. 0, 18, 24, and 34 ton ha-1 for the fi rst year and 0, 12.5, 15, and 17.5 ton ha-1 for the second year. The results showed that calcium application raised soil pH and calcium content of the soil, exocarp and mangosteen leaves. Dolomite applications using 18 and 24 ton ha-1 in the fi rst year and 17.5 ton ha-1 in the second year were effective to reduce gamboge spots on the outer part of fruit, however they were not effective to reduce gamboge in aril. Dolomite applications did not increase transversal diameter, fruit weight, total soluble solids, total titratable acids, and ratio of total soluble solids with total titratable acids of the fruits
Penentuan Dosis Optimum Pemupukan N, P, dan K pada Tanaman Kacang Bogor [Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdcourt]
Get PDFABSTRACTBambara groundnut is considered tolerant to drought and unfertile soil; therefore, has higher potential to be cultivated. The average yield of dry pod weight from agricultural fields in Indonesia is still low (< 4 ton ha-1); hence, the cultivation technique must be improved. Fertilizer is the main input to increase yield of Bambara groundnut, but the optimum rates of N, P, and K have not been determined. Therefore, the objectives of the research were to determine the optimum rate of N, P, and K fertilizer for Bambara groundnut production. Three parallel experiments were conducted at Cikarawang Experimental State, Dramaga, Bogor from March to July 2013. Each experiment tested different rates of N or P or K fertilizer with compeletely randomized block design and three replications. The fertilizer rates were 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200% of recommendation rate (100% N = 100 kg Urea ha-1, 100% P = 150 kg SP-36 ha-1, 100% K = 75 kg KCl ha-1). The results showed that leaf P content increased linearly with N fertilizer application. Leaf N content linearly decreased with P fertilizer application. Leaf P content and shoot dry weight quadratically increased with K fertilizer application. The optimum rates of N and P fertilizer was unable to be determined due to insignificant response of several variables. Optimum rate of K fertilizer ranged 86.4-118.95 kg KCl ha-1.Keywords: leaf nutrients, multi nutrient response, recommendation rat
Perubahan Morfologi dan Pertumbuhan Handeuleum (Graptophyllum pictum L. Griff) akibat Iradiasi Sinar Gamma
Get PDFABSTRACTHandeuleum (Graptophyllum pictum L.Griff) is a medicinal plant widely used as a traditional medicine due to its benefecial content. Therefore, it should be developed as one of the leading Indonesian medicinal plants. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of gamma ray irradiation on morphological alteration and growth of Handeuleum accession from Bogor. The doses of gamma rays were 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, and 105 Gy. The results of the research showed that gamma-ray irradiation induced morphological changes and influences the growth of Handeuleum. Irradiation dose at rate of 105 Gy produced new leaf morphology in Handeuleum, namely cordate. Doses of 60, 75, 90, and 105 Gy produce stunted plants with stiff and yellowish-green leaves. The dose of 45 Gy produced relative green color index which was higher than the control plants.Keywords: handeuleum, gamma irradiation
Application of Filter Cake on Growth of Upland Sugarcanes
Get PDFRecently planting site of sugarcane was shifted from lowland to upland area. Sugar cane cultivation in upland has many constraints, especially limited water supply and low nutrition availability. The objectives of this research were to study the influence of application of composted filter cake on growth and water use efficiency of upland sugar cane. The research was conducted in Jengkol, Kediri. Treatments consist of three factors: frequency of irrigation (once every 1 week, once every 2 weeks, and once every 3 weeks); sugarcane varieties (PS-862 and PS-864); and compost doses (0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 ton ha-1). Split plot design with three replications was used in each irrigation treatment, using composted filter cake as main plots and sugarcane varieties as sub plots. The results showed that the highest sugar content was reached at application of 5 ton ha-1 compost and the greatest crystal sugar was reached at 3.09 ton ha-1 compost. Compost application at 5 ton ha-1 on each planted row can reduce frequency of irrigation from once a week to once every 2 weeks
Evaluasi Konsumsi Air Beberapa Genotipe Padi untuk Potensi Efisiensi Penggunaan Air
Get PDFWater use efficient varieties in rice may have good opportunity in term of economic value and scarcity of water. This study was conducted to determine water consumption among rice genotypes that conventionally cultivated as low land (IR64, IPB97-F-15, Ciherang, Mentik Wangi, and Rokan hybrid), up land (Jatiluhur, Silugonggo), and amphibian type (Way Apo Buru, that could be planted both as lowland and up land). Rice seedlings at 14 days old were transplanted in a plastic container containing 83 kg of air dried soil, 1 plant per whole and 6 plants per container. The experiment was conducted in a vinyl house, using randomized complete block design with three replications. During rice growth, water table was maintained at 2 cm above soil surface, and water was added and recorded weekly. The results showed that varieties reveal production components and yield were different significantly. Water consumptions among varieties were significantly different, ranged from 15.93 L plant-1 for IR64 to 24.13 L plant-1 for Jatiluhur, or equal with 3,639 to 4,827 m3 ha-1. Jatiluhur was the most efficient variety in using water. This finding may guide us to explore benefit of water use efficient variety as sustainable option in water management of rice cultivation
Pertumbuhan dan Produktivitas Tebu pada Beberapa Paket Tata Tanam di Lahan Kering
Get PDFABSTRACTThe increasing demand on sugar and increasing land competition among agriculture comodities, urges improving sugar production through intensification programs. Planting arrangement was one of the intensification programs to increase sugar production. Hence the objective of the experiment was to evaluate planting arrangement in order to produce higher sugar yield. Research was carried out in Muktiharjo Research Station, Pati in January to October 2013 for plant cane (PC) and November 2013 to October 2014 for first ratoon cane (RC-1). Five packages of planting arrangement was evaluated in this study, they were (1) a single row CTC (distance inter row = from center to center) 110 cm + single seed, (2) single row CTC 130 cm + single seed, (3) double row CTC 50/135 cm + single seed, (4) double row CTC 50/170 cm + double seeds and (5) double row CTC 50/210 cm + double seeds, arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. A double row CTC 50/170 cm + double seeds planting arrangement produced the highest cane productivity, sugar yield and profit, i.e., 191.02 ton ha-1, 15.33 ton ha-1 and IDR 30,654,000,- ha-1, respectively for the PC whereas for the RC-1 was 177.36 ton ha-1, 12.43 ton ha-1, and IDR 30,897,000,- ha-1, respectively.Keywords: Double row, production, Saccharum officinarum, sugar yiel
Characterization of Doubled Haploid Derived from Anther Culture for New Type Upland Rice
Get PDFAnther culture is one of tissue culture methods which can be applied to plant breeding programs in order to accelerate the process of obtaining pure lines. The successful development of rice varieties is highly dependent on genetic diversity and desirable traits. To obtain the genetic variability of doubled haploid lines through anther culture techniques, anther F1 or F2 were used as explants sources. The objectives of the study were to select and characterize doubled haploid lines of upland rice having the characters of new plant type, and to study the genetic variability and agronomic characters of tested doubled haploid lines. A total of 58 doubled haploid lines, and four parental lines i.e. Fatmawati, SGJT-28, SGJT-36, and Way Rarem were used in this study. The experiment used completely randomized design with three replications. Results showed that the characters of the doubled haploid lines vary considerably. Selection of the character i.e. number of productive tillers, number of fi lled grain per panicle, and percentage of empty grain was more effective to be selected because they were well correlated to weight of grain per hill, possessed high heritability values, and have wide genetic variability. Based on productive tillers number, number of fi lled grains per panicle, fertility, weight of 1,000 grains, and weight of grains per hill, the lines of P3-26, P3-27, P3-28, P4-45, P5-50, P6-103, P6-105, P3-120, P3-134, P3-135, P3-150, P3-158, P3-248, P3-249, P6-271, P6-272, P6-274, P6-276, and P6-295 were potential for further selection for new type of upland rice