Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy)
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Diversity of orchids (Orchidaceae) and host trees at Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia: A preliminary step towards germplasm conservation
Full text linkOrchid exploration brings numerous benefits, including the conservation of rare species, ecological insights, medicinal and horticultural applications, economic opportunities, cultural appreciation, and scientific advancement. These benefits underscore the importance of continued exploration and conservation efforts to safeguard orchid diversity. This study aimed to explore the diversity of orchids at Universitas Andalas, Padang, West Sumatra. The research involved a comprehensive survey of orchid species in various habitats, documenting their distribution and abundance. We used a systematic sampling method to collect plant specimens and record relevant ecological data. The research indicated a remarkable diversity of orchid species at Universitas Andalas. We found 21 species of orchids, including 19 epiphytes and two terrestrial species. Filicium desipiens was the most dominant host, with 13 species of orchids found on 15 trees. Dendrobium crumenatum was the most common orchid found on 13 host trees. The results highlighted the importance of preserving these unique orchid populations. This research contributes to the understanding of orchid diversity at Universitas Andalas. The findings can inform policymakers, conservationists, and local communities in developing effective strategies for the preservation and sustainable use of orchid resources. Future studies should focus on further exploration, taxonomic studies, and conservation initiatives to ensure long-term survival.
Keywords: conservation; diversity; epiphytes; exploration; terrestria
Diversity and potential of coffee plant types in Lawang Taji, Gunung Karang, Pandeglang Regency, Banten
Full text linkThe challenge of cultivating coffee plants is that the process is still traditional, and the types of coffee that are superior are still limited. Therefore, data collection is needed to determine the potential of coffee plants in developing cultivation. The purpose of this research was to study the diversity and potential of coffee types and the ecological conditions of Gunung Karang coffee valley. The research was conducted from March to June 2024 at Lembur Kopi Citaman Lawang Taji, Sanim Village, Juhut Village, Karang Tanjung District, Pandeglang Regency, Banten. The sampling technique was purposive sampling, and the data obtained from observations and interviews were analyzed using descriptive qualitative methods. The results showed that six types of coffee can be cultivated, namely Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, Excelsa, Purpurascen, and Robusta. Menhir coffee had unique flavors and aromas with distinctive flavors of brown sugar, nuts, chocolate, spices, vanilla, and acid. Morphological analysis of the six types of coffee showed the same characteristics in the branching system. The ecological characteristics of coffee plants included altitude criteria of 550-600 masl, pH between 5-8, air temperature 28-29 °C, air humidity between 70%-76%, and humus-dominant soil conditions. These land criteria were categorized as sufficient to meet coffee growth.
Keywords: coffee farm; coffee ecology; coffee menhir; morphology of coffe
Shoot multiplication growth of some apple cultivars with a combination of auxin and cytokinin hormones in vitro
Full text linkApples (Malus sylvestris) have been grown in Indonesia, especially in highland areas such as Batu, Nongkojajar, and Poncokusumo. In order to propagate apple plants through in vitro, organ culture is performed in a controlled environment, free of pests and diseases. The research aimed to evaluate the effect of the composition of the growth regulator BAP-IAA on the growth and shoot multiplication of several apple cultivars in vitro. The research was carried out at the Indonesian Orchid Partners Laboratory Jl. Hasanudin 1 No 24 Junrejo District, Batu City, Indonesia. The four apple cultivars used were Fuji, Red Delicious, Gala, and Manalagi apples. Four types of growth regulator composition were the treatments: 3 mg L-1 BAP and 0.2 mg L-1 IAA, 6 mg L-1 BAP and 0.2 mg L-1 IAA, 3 mg L-1 BAP and 0.3 mg L-1 IAA, and 6 mg L-1 BAP and 0.3 mg L-1 IAA. The results showed that growth and yield were more precise in the combination of Red Delicious with the growth enhancer composition of 3 mg L-1 BAP and 0.3 mg L-1 IAA, as shown by the variable number of shoots and fresh weight of explants. The results showed that the combination of the Red Delicious apple cultivar with BAP 3 mg L-1+IAA 0.3 mg L-1 can be recommended as the best treatment in mass shoot production/multiplication.
Keywords: composition; cytokinin-auxin; apple cultivars; shoot multiplicatio
Callus formation response from immature male flower explant of plantain banana (Musa acuminata x Musa balbisiana cv. Kepok) treated by 2,4-D and BAP
Full text linkCallus induction is an important step in indirect somatic embryogenesis. The aim of this study was to obtain an optimal medium for the callus formation of plantain bananas (cv. Kepok). The research was conducted from May to August 2022 at the Tissue Culture Laboratory of PT. ITCI Kartika Utama, Penajam Paser Utara District, East Kalimantan. The explant used an immature male flower of plantain banana (cv. Kepok). The experiment used a completely randomized design with two factors concentration of 2,4-D (1,2 and 4 ppm) and BAP (5, 10, and 15 ppm). The appearance of callus was monitored daily until it developed explants. On the final observation day, the percentage of explants with callus, as well as the color and texture of the callus, were assessed. The research findings suggest that the optimal medium for inducing callus in male banana flower explants was MS medium supplemented with 2 ppm 2,4-D and 5 ppm BAP. This medium resulted in calluses that exhibited a yellowish-white color and a compact texture.
Keywords: callus morphology; genetic improvement; plant growth regulator; tissue culture; triploid banan
Responses of shallot to ameliorant and actinobacteria applications in water-saturated system on tidal land
Full text linkTidal areas are believed as future land for many commodities in Indonesia. Here, shallot growing was evaluated on tidal land supplemented with soil conditioners. The research aimed to evaluate the adaptive response of shallot varieties for growing on tidal land with a water-saturated system indicating Fe and Al stress by applying soil ameliorant and actinobacterial. The study used a completely randomized factorial design with three replications. The first factor was shallot variety (Bima Brebes, Batu Ijo, and SS Sakato) and the second factor was soil conditioners (no ameliorant, actinobacteria, ameliorant+actinobacteria, and actinobacteria+ameliorant+dolomite). Bima Brebes and Batu Ijo cultivars had the highest growth percentage, age at shoot emergence, plant height, and number of leaves, while the SS Sakato variety had the slowest growth. Shallot production variable had a significant interaction with soil conditioners. Bima Brebes variety demonstrated high suitability for a water-saturated system in tidal land, and actinobacteria+ameliorant+dolomite was a more promising conditioner than other treatments.
Keywords: pyrite, saturated soil culture, tidal swamps, growth, yield, marginal land
Growth and yield of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) treated with different organic manure on alluvial soil
Full text linkThe productivity of radish plants can be increased using improved varieties and fertilizing the soil to increase its fertility. Using organic fertilizers can improve soil structure and increase productivity on the land. This study aimed to determine the effect of applying organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of radish on alluvial soil. The study was conducted in July-December 2021, using a randomized block design with five treatments and five replications. The treatments were types of organic fertilizers consisting of control, goat manure, chicken manure, ashes (remaining ash from burning leaves), and cow manure. Each type of organic fertilizer was applied with a dose of 6 tons ha-1. The observation shows that the application of chicken manure significantly improves both the vegetative and the generative variables of radish crops. The results of the farm analysis showed that the use of chicken manure yielded more significant benefits, with R/C values of 2.40 and a B/C ratio of 1.40.
Keywords: farm analysis; productivity enhancement; soil fertilit
Growth and yield of several rice varieties on alluvial soil using N, P, and K fertilizers
Full text linkAdaptive varieties and N, P, and K fertilization can increase rice productivity. The study aimed to determine the effect of N, P, and K fertilizer dosages on the growth and yield of several rice varieties on alluvial soil. The research was conducted in Kubu Raya Regency, West Kalimantan, from March to October 2023. The method used a factorial randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor was rice varieties (Argo Pawan, Bima Saputra, Inpari 43, Padang, and Tropiko). The second factor was N, P, and K fertilization (150 kg N ha-1+ 100 kg P2O5 ha-1 + 100 kg K20 ha-1; 300 kg N ha-1 + 200 kg P2O5 ha-1 + 200 kg K20 ha-1; 450 kg N ha‑1 + 300 kg P2O5 ha-1 + 300 kg K20 ha-1). The Tropiko variety had the highest plant height compared to other varieties. The Inpari 43 variety produced the highest maximum number of tillers. Furthermore, the Inpari 43 and Tropiko varieties were the best treatments for producing the number of productive tillers and grain weight per plot. The N, P, and K fertilizer dosage of 300 kg N ha-1 + 200 kg P2O5 ha-1 + 200 kg K20 ha-1 was the best treatment in producing growth and yields of rice plants based on the variables of maximum number of tillers, number of productive tillers, and grain weight per plot.
Keywords: adaptive varieties; rice productivity; soil fertilit
Evaluation of phosphorus fertilizer rate based on Upland Soil Test Kit analysis for tomato fertigation
Full text linkUpland Soil Test Kit (PUTK) is a rapid soil analysis kit that estimates the nutrient availability in soil. From previous studies, tomato plant production showed a good correlation with available phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) analysis using the PUTK. This study aimed to find the optimal P fertilizer rate based on PUTK analysis for tomato fertigation. This experiment was carried out using a randomized complete block design, four replications with a single factor, namely P fertilizer rate comprising 0% X, 50% X, 100% X, 150% X, and 200% X, with X the recommended P fertilizer of PUTK on moderate P availability (175 kg ha1). The ANOVA showed that P fertilizer did not significantly affect the vegetative growth, production, and fruit quality of tomatoes. It means that PUTK analysis had low accuracy as a basis for determining the optimum P fertilizer rate for tomato fertigation. The low accuracy could be due to PUTK underestimating the status of soil P availability. Mechlich-1 analysis showed that the experimental field had high P availability (44.6 ppm), while PUTK analysis still indicates moderate P availability. This shows that PUTK needs to be developed further, especially quantifying the result to help make informed and accurate decisions.
Keywords: precision farming; precision fertilization; Upland Soil Test Kit; FERADS; sustainable agricultur
Land use efficiency of sweet corn intercropping with different cowpea planting dates
Full text linkCultivation of cowpea and sweet corn can optimize land use through an intercropping system, however, the planting date on intercropping is rarely evaluated. The research aimed to evaluate land use efficiency in sweet corn intercropping of different planting dates of cowpea. This research was conducted from January to May 2024 in Bocek Village, Malang, East Java. The study used a randomized complete block design with a single factor consisting of 7 levels, i.e., monoculture sweet corn, and sweet corn intercropping with different cowpea planting dates (0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days after sweet corn planting (DAP). Plant growth, yield, land equivalent ratio (LER), and area time equivalent ratio (ATER) were evaluated. The results showed that the intercropping sweet corn and cowpea planted at 21 DAP produced a higher yield than other planting dates. The highest LER of 1.96 and ATER of 1.93 was achieved in the sweet corn with cowpea planted at 21 DAP, indicating the highest land use efficiency occurred at the planting date of cowpea 21 days after planting sweet corn.
Keywords: ATER; cropping system; LER; planting time; Vigna unguiculata; Zea may
Effectiveness of mycorrhizae in tomato cultivation with nutrient stress levels in peat soil of West Kalimantan
Full text linkThe growth and yield of tomatoes in peat soil with limited nutrient availability are expected to increase with the application of mycorrhizae, where mycorrhizae plays a role in the efficiency of fertilization in plants. The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF) from peat ecosystems and alluvial soil ecosystems on the growth and yield of tomatoes at different levels of nutrient stress in peat soil. The study was conducted using a completely randomized factorial design. The first factor was the type of soil source of AMF propagules (without AMF, AMF from peat ecosystems, and AMF from alluvial soil ecosystems). The second factor was the dose of NPK fertilizer (100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% of recommended). The results showed that arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi propagules originating from peat ecosystems and alluvial soil ecosystems increased the growth and yield of tomatoes on peat soil. The AMF propagules from peat vegetation with 50% NPK fertilization of the recommended dose effectively increased the production of tomato plants based on the variables of single-fruit weight and total fruit weight per plant.
Keywords: biofertilizer; mycorrhizae propagule; tomato productio