Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy)
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Karakterisasi Morfologi dan Sifat Kuantitatif Gandum (Triticum aestivum L.) di Dataran Menengah
Get PDFABSTRACTIndonesia is one of the largest wheat importers. Suitable environmental condition for wheat needs to be studied if wheat is going to be widely cultivated in Indonesia. The adaptability of wheat grown in various climates and altitudes is one of the important aspects. The objective of this experiment was to study the quantitative and morphological character of wheat grown in middle land (540 m asl) in Bogor, West Java. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. Wheat genotypes used were three national varieties (Nias, Selayar, and Dewata), four new improved varieties (Guri 3 Agritan, Guri 4 Agritan, Guri 5 Agritan, and Guri 6 Unand), and one introduced genotype (SBD). Data were collected for several quantitative variables and seventeen morphological characters based on UPOV descriptor. The result showed that wheat growth was restricted in Bogor. Genotype determined plant height, leaf number, ear length, root length, number of spikelet, harvest time, seed weight, number of tillers, and plant biomass. Based on ear length, grain weight, and plant biomass, Guri 3 Agritan had the highest production than the other genotypes.Keywords: diversity, genetic relationship, high temperature, introduced genotype, phylogeneti
Invigorasi dan Pengurangan Pupuk N untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan, Hasil, dan Mutu Benih Kacang Bambara
Get PDFABSTRACTBambara groundnut can be cultivated in marginal land, however, its productivity is still low. In order to increase productivity, high quality seed must be used. The objective of the experiment was to evaluate the effects of seed invigoration using matriconditioning plus Rhizobium sp. and fungicide and reduction of N fertilizer on plant growth, yield, and quality of bambara groundnut seed. The experiment was conducted at Experimental Station in Cikarawang, green house in Cikabayan, and Seed Health Laboratory, Bogor Agricultural University from June 2013 until March 2014. This experiment was arranged in a split plot design according to completely randomized block design. The first factor was N fertilizer. Four levels of N fertilizer used were 0, 15.35, 30.7, 46.04, and 61.39 kg N ha-1. The second factor was seed invigoration. Seed invigoration consisted of without invigoration treatment (untreated), matriconditioning plus Rhizobium sp. and fungicide, matriconditioning plus Rhizobium sp., and matriconditioning plus fungicide. Result of the experiment indicated that matriconditoning plus Rhizobium sp. and fungicide improved plant growth (number of leaves, number of stem, nodule dry weight, root dry weight, and leaf dry weight), yield (weight of seed), and seed vigor (index of vigor). Matriconditioning plus Fungicide treatments significantly decreased the infection level of diseases on seed. Fertilizer application at the rate of 30.7 kg N ha-1 (half of optimum dose) was recommended because it showed the best result in pod fresh weight and dry weight, and seed weight.Keywords: benomyl, fertilization, fungicide, matriconditioning, Rhizobium sp
Pemacuan Pertumbuhan Melon (Cucumis melo L.) dengan Cendawan Mikoriza Arbuskula dan Bakteri Azospirillum sp.
Get PDFABSTRACTMelon (Cucumis melo L.) is a high economic value horticultural crop that is cultivated in some regions of Indonesia under fertilization management. Application of inorganic fertilizer continuously can reduce soil microbial abundance. One of the soil microbial that promote plant growth is arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Azospirillum sp. The aim of this study was to analysed the effect of AMF and Azospirillum sp. in promoting growth and production of melon. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse and was arranged in a completely randomized design with five replicates. Five treatments tested were: control, fertilized with NPK, inoculated with AMF, inoculated with Azospirillum sp., inoculated with AMF + Azospirillum sp. The results showed that the effect of AMF on root growth and shoot growth were similar to NPK fertilizer. Azospirillum sp. increased root growth. On the other side, the effect of Azospirillum sp. on shoot growth was similar to NPK fertilizer. However, AMF and Azospirillum sp. inoculation solely increased plant height, fruit weight, fruit diameter, flavor and length of fruit storage. Meanwhile, combination of AMF and Azospirillum sp. increased plant height, root growth, shoot growth, fruit weight, fruit diameter, flavor and length of fruit storage. This study revealed that application of AMF and Azospirillum sp. in melon cultivation was more effective and efficient than NPK fertilizer.Keywords: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Azospirillum sp., Cucumis melo L
Combining Ability of Several Introduced and Local Chilli Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Genotypes and Heterosis of the Offsprings
Get PDFThe objective of the study was to identify the combining ability of several introduced and local chilli genotypes and heterosis effects of their offsprings, as a result of the hybridisation process. This information will be used for production of hybrid varieties. The study was conducted from November 2006 to May 2007 at Tajur experimental station, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. The fi ve parents with their ten F1 hybrids were evaluated in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The results showed that hybrid IPB C15 x IPB C19 had the highest fruit weight per plant, and hybrid IPB C8 x IPB C19 had the highest heterosis for this character. Hybrid IPB C8 x IPB C15 has highest number of fruits per plant and showed heterosis effects. Crosses among introduced and local genotypes resulted a high heterosis values. Additive variance of weight and number of fruits per plant were greater than the dominant variance. IPB C19 had the best general combining ability for fruit weight per plant character. Keywords: capsicum, combining ability, heterobeltiosis, heterosi
Pengaruh Formula Coating terhadap Viabilitas dan Vigor serta Daya Simpan Benih Padi (Oryza sativa L.)
Get PDFThe objectives of this research were to find the most compatible coating formula for rice seeds (Experiment 1), and to evaluate the effect of coating formula on viability, vigor and storability of the seeds (Experiment 2). This research was conducted in Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology at IPB, Bogor and Laboratory of Seed Technology at PT East West Seed Indonesia, Purwakarta from December 2010 to February 2011. In Experiment 1, the ten coating materials (formula) were arranged in single factor of Completely Randomized Design with four replications, i.e. uncoated seed, 3% alginate + 1% talc, 3% alginate + 1% gypsum, 3% alginate + 1% peat, 3% arabic gum + 1% talc, 3% arabic gum + 1% gypsum, 3% arabic gum + 1% peat, 1.5% CMC + 1% talc, 1.5% CMC + 1% gypsum, and 1.5% CMC + 1% peat. Experiment 2 used Split Plot Design with four replications. The main plot was storage periods i.e. 0, 1 and 2 months. The seeds were stored in two storage conditions: ambient and air conditioned room. The subplot was coating formula (same as in Experiment 1). The results of Experiment 1 showed that the most compatible coating material for rice seeds were 1.5% CMC + 1% talc, and 1.5% CMC + 1% gypsum, these formula were able to maintain vigor of the coated seeds. In Experiment 2, coating formula of 1.5% CMC + 1% peat generated higher seed vigor than uncoated seeds after two months storage, 3% gum arabic + 1% gypsum was able to keep vigor for one month storage in ambient condition. The coating formula of 3% alginate + 1% peat was able to keep viability and vigor of the coated seeds for two months in air conditioned room. Keywords: seed coating material, seed quality, seed storage condition, seed storabilit
Karakterisasi Buah dan Penentuan Saat Masak Fisiologi Benih Beberapa Genotipe Cabai (Capsicum annuum L.)
Get PDFABSTRACTIdentification of fruit and seed characters when they reach physiological maturity is very important to get high qualiy chili seed. The purpose of the research was to study the fruit characters and to determine seed physiologycal maturity of six chili genotipes (Capsicum annuum L.) i.e. Anies 1, Anies 2, Seloka 1, Seloka 2, Seloka 3 and SSP. Characterization was assayed at 32, 35, 38, 41, 44 DAA. Chili seed was taken from two groups of branches, lower branches (2nd-5th branches) and upper branches (6-7th branches). The result revealed that seed physiological maturity was achieved at 38-44 DAA, that was indicated by changes of the fruit color from brown to red (Anies 1) and dark green to red on five others genotipe; maximum seed dry weight, seed viability and vigor. When the seed reached physiological maturity, SSP’s had the longest fruit but fruit diameter and weight, seed number and seed weight per fruit was the lowest. However, SSP seed rendement was the highest. Flowers of lower branches developed faster, their fruits size, seed dry weight, and seed number was significantly higher than the upper branches. Nevertheles the seed viability and vigor was not different between lower and upper branches.Keywords: fruit color, seed dry weight, seed viability, seed vigo
Volume Irigasi untuk Budidaya Hidroponik Melon dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi
Get PDFABSTRACTDetermination of the appropriate volume of irrigation is needed in hydroponic systems. The easy and rapid method for determination of volume irrigation should be developed. The research was conducted to determine irrigation volume based on evaporation and to study their effect on melon growth and yield in hydroponic system. The irrigation water volume was determined based on evaporation (E) of the 30 cm diameter pan placed over the crop canopy, and melon (Cucumis melo L.) plant was subjected to four irrigation water levels (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 E) in combination with three periods of irrigation based on plant growth phase ( planting to harvesting; planting to flowering, and flowering to harvesting). At three weeks after planting, irrigation volume of 1.5 E increased plant height as much as 54% compared with irrigation volume of 0.5 E; irrigation volume of 2.0 E increased leaf number as much as 47% compared with irrigation volume of 0.5 E. Melon yield was 2.173 kg per plant by irrigation volume of 2.0 E applied during planting to flowering, increased of 98% compared with irrigation volume of 0.5 E, but it was not significant different with irrigation volume of 1.5 E applied during flowering to harvesting. It is concluded that irrigation volume for hydroponically-grown melon was as much as 1.0 time of evaporation during vegetative phase and 1.5 times of evaporation during generative phase.Keywords: evaporation, sand media, flower number, fruit diameter, fruit weight
Pengaruh Naungan dan Zat Pengatur Tumbuh terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Kentang Kultivar Atlantik di Dataran Medium
Get PDFABSTRACTUse of shade on the cultivation of potato in medium altitude is expected to reduce both light intensity and temperature, and therefore is more suitable for potatoes to grow in medium altitude. While the use of growth regulators subtances improving the process of assimilate distribution from the leaves to the tuber. Therefore use of shade followed by plant growth regulators applications are expected to increase of growth and yield. The objectives of the experiment were to determine growth and yield of potato cultivar Atlantik grown at medium altitude with different types of shading and plant growth regulators. The experiment was conducted at an experimental station of the Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, Sumedang, at an altitude 685 m asl. The experiment was arranged in a split plot design consisting of two factors and three replications. The main plots were types of shading (without shading, paranet 45%, UV polyethylene, and corn plant) and the sub plots were combination of plant growth regulators (benzylaminopurine + paclobutrazol), (benzylaminopurine +chloro choline chloride), benzylaminopurine, paclobutrazol, chloro choline chloride). The results showed that the effect of interaction between shading and plant growth regulator on growth and yield of the potato were not significant. Paranet shade and corn plant shade increased plant height, leaf area index, tuber weight per plant, yield per hectar and tuber grade A of potato cultivar Atlantik. Corn plant shading gave potato yield 21.6 ton ha-1 with 64% grade A tuber. Paclobutrazol decreased potato plant height, but increased number of tuber per plant and yielded highest tuber weight of 702.1 per plant (23.3 ton ha-1 ), with 70.9% grade A tuber. Keywords: Benzylaminopurine, microclimate, paclobutrazol, temperatur
Fenologi, Morfologi, dan Hasil Empat Aksesi Kacang Bambara (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.)
Get PDFABSTRACTCharacterization and evaluation of genetic potential of bambara groundnut accessions is very important in order to obtain accessions with high yield potential and early maturity. The objective of this research was to study the phenology, morphology, and yield of four bambara groundnut accessions. This experiment was conducted using a randomized completely block design with one factor i.e. origin of accessions (Bogor and Sukabumi black testa, Sumedang black and brown testa). The results showed that days to seedling emergence of Sumedang brown testa were 9.7 days after sowing (DAS), three other accessions ranged from 8.0 to 8.3 DAS. Days to 75% flowering of Sumedang brown testa was 45.3 days, the other three accessions ranged from 46.0 to 46.7 DAS. Days to pod formation of Bogor and Sumedang accessions with black testa were 49 DAS, Sumedang brown testa at 50 DAS, and Sukabumi accession at 54 DAS. Physiological seed maturity of Bogor and Sukabumi accessions at 112 DAS, Sumedang brown testa at 116 DAS and black testa at 128 DAS. Morphological variation of four bambara groundnut accessions included color of plumule, petiole, seed coat (testa), and leaf shape. Accessions of Sukabumi and Bogor black testa were potential to be developed further because of its showing higher number and weight of pods, and earlier maturity compared to those of Sumedang accessions with black and brown testa.Keywords: early maturity, leaf shape, pod, seedling emergence, testa colo
Analisis Keragaman Morfologi dan Biokimia pada Anggrek Phalaenopsis (Orchidaceae)
Get PDFABSTRACTPhalaenopsis orchid is one of famous genera in Orchidaceae family which have high economic value. Phalaenopsis breeding needs to be developed intensively to fulfill market demand for new varieties. The objective of this study was to obtain the information of morphological and biochemical diversity of a collection of Phalaenopsis orchid which will be useful for Phalaenopsis breeding. Plant materials used were 10 genotypes of Phalaenopsis with various petal colours of white, yellow, pink, deep pink, purple, or combination of yellow and brown. Morphological diversity of 10 genotypes were analyzed based on qualitative and quantitative characters following UPOV guidance for Phalaenopsis, while biochemical diversity was based on pigment content such as chlorophyl, anthocyanin, and carotene in plant roots, leaves and flower petals. The result of this research showed morphological diversity of 10 genotypes used was relatively high, with similarity of 55%. In that level of similarity, genotypes were grouped into two cluster. Biochemical analysis showed that most of genotypes were different for anthocyanin and carotenoid content for each plant organ. Genotype which showed high content of anthocyanin in leaves was Phal. hybrid ‘PH37’ while high content of carotene in leaves was Phal. hybrid ‘PIROUI. High content of anthocyanin in petals were found in Phal. hybrid ‘PH37’ and Phal. esmeralda, and high content of carotene were in Phal. cornucervi and Phal. cornucervi Red. Root with high anthocyanin content was found in Phal. hybrid ‘PIROU1’. There were significant correlation (0.975) for anthocyanin content between leaves and petals, petals and roots (0.953) on Phal.hybrid ‘PH37’, and between leaves and roots (0.874) on Phal. hybrid ‘PIROU1).Keywords: anthocyanin, carotene, chlorophyll, Phalaenopsis, similarit