Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy)
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Karakteristik Morfologi Benih sebagai Parameter untuk Penentuan Pohon Induk Sumber Benih Pala (Myristica fragrans Houtt.)
Get PDFNutmeg is an Indonesian native plant, produces essential oill as an export commodity. However, it has low seed uniformity that mengurangi keseragaman tanaman di lapang. The main objective of this research was to obtain morphological characteritics as parameter for nutmeg mother plants selection. This field research was carried out from August-December 2014 at Toisapu, Wakal and Lula nutmeg seed source plantations in Ambon, and Seed Storage and Testing Laboratory, IPB. Characterization was undertaken on ten mother plants from each Wakal and Lula seed source plantations and eight mother plants from Toisapu seed source plantation. Quantitative and qualitative characters of vegetative, fruit, mace and seed from every mother plants were analyzed with Gower’s similarity test. Mother plants that produced high uniformity seed was the 7th (0.80), the 8th (0.93) and the 10th (0.80) mother plants in Wakal; the 2nd (0.80) mother plant in Toisapu; the 2nd (0.82), the 5th (0.80), the 6th (0.82), the 8th (0.84), the 9th (0.80) and the 10th (0.93) mother plants in Lula. Those selected mother plants produced morphological uniform seed morphologically. Lula seed plantation had the highest uniformity level among mother plants (0.77-0.87) compared to Toisapu (0.70-0.87) and Wakal (0.69-0.84) mother plants. The morphological characteristic can be use to select the source seed mother plants which able to produce high morphological uniformity seeds.Keywords: Gower’s similarity, seed production, uniformit
Peningkatan Populasi, Pertumbuhan dan Serapan Nitrogen Tanaman Kedelai dengan Pemberian Azotobacter Penghasil Eksopolisakarida
Get PDFNitrogen-fixing Azotobacter is widely used as biofertilizer in sustainable agriculture. The bacteria produce exopolysaccharide which might have a significant role in enhancing soybean nitrogen uptake and growth. The objective of this research was to obtain growth media of Exopolysaccharide–producing Azotobacter; and increase shoot and root growth as well as nitrogen uptake of soybean var. Anjasmoro at early vegetative phase following inoculation of Azotobacter chroococcum liquid. Research consist of two phase, 1) determination of organic-based media for A. chroococcum liquid inoculant production, and 2) pot experiment for application of liquid inoculant on soybean. The first experiment was performed in a series of batch fermenter consisted of several organic media for 72 hours. The second experiment was set in completely randomized design consisted of three density of liquid inoculant. The results verified that the best media which induced exopolysachharide production of A. chroococcum was 1% molase enriched with 0.1% NH4Cl. Liquid inoculant clearly enhanced population of Azotobacter in soybean rhizosphere, plant height, roots dry weight and N uptake of 21 day old soybean. This research implied that A. chroococcum might be used as biofertilizer at early growth of soybean. Keywords: Azotobacter chroococcum, biofertilizer, liquid inocula
NPK Fertilizers for Elephant Foot Yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson) Intercropped with Coffee Trees
Get PDFABSTRACTFertilizer application in elephant foot yams (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson) intercropping system is rare in Indonesia, therefore, NPK fertilizers experiment was conducted under the shade of 10-year-old coffee plantation at Leuwikopo Experimental Farm, Bogor, Indonesia, in order to increase the productivity of elephant foot yam intercropped with coffee trees. Prior to planting, 20 ton ha-1 of goat manure was applied. Four NPK combinations, i.e., N, P2O5, K2O at the rate of 0, 0 and 0; 100, 60 and 80; 125, 60 and 100; and 150, 60 and 120 kg ha-1, were applied. Results showed that there were no significant differences in leaf number per plant, petiole size and rachis length among treatments. Application of NPK decreased photosynthetic rates, while increasing rate of N and K2O had no effect on photosynthetic rates. NPK application at the 100 N, 60 P2O5 and 80 K2O kg ha-1 (N100P60K80 treatment) or larger prolonged growth duration regardless of NPK levels, and there was a close relationship between corm yield and growth duration. As a result, corm fresh mass was higher in the 100:60:80 kg ha-1 treatment than in control. In the N125P60K100 and N150P60K120 kg ha-1 treatments, leaves were damaged by heavy rains and winds, counteracting beneficial effect of NPK on growth duration and corm yield. These results suggested the importance of delay of entering dormancy for an increase in productivity of A. paeoniifolius.Keywords: NPK fertilizers, photosynthesis, productivity, prolong growth, tuber cro
Pertumbuhan Tunas Ubi Kayu (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) Genotipe Jame-jame secara In Vitro
Get PDFABSTRACTThe continuous supply of true-to-type seedling through in vitro technique is very important for cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) as the demand for seedlings is increasing. The research consisted of two experiments and they were conducted from February 2013 to February 2014. The first experiment was in vitro shoot multiplication to evaluate the effect of culture medium and single node position on growth and shoot multiplication of cassava Jame-jame genotype. This experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with two factors and four replications. The first factor was culture medium (MS0 and MSB3) and the second factor was single node positions used as explant (basal, middle, and top section of the stem). The result showed that middle section of the stem cultured on MS0 medium had the highest shoot height, number of leaves, and number of nodes. The second experiment was the acclimatization to evaluate the effect of culture period on the success of the acclimatization. This experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with culture period prior to acclimatization as treatment. The results showed that seedlings from period of 12 and 24 weeks after culture showed higher survival rates (80%) than seedling from period of 36 and 48 weeks after culture (50 and 40%). Culture period prior to acclimatization had no significant effect on plant height and number of leaves.Keywords: BAP, culture period, single node position, shoot multiplicatio
Parametric Stability Analysis for Yield of Chili Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to identify the stability of seven hybrid chili pepper genotypes that have been developed at Genetics and Plant Breeding Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture IPB. The study used eight yield stability analyses and Additive Main Effect Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) methods. The design was randomized complete block design with three replications as blocks using the genotypes of IPB CH1, IPB CH2, IPB CH3, IPB CH5, IPB CH25, IPB CH28, IPB CH50, and fi ve commercial varieties, i.e. Adipati, Biola, Gada, Hot Beauty and Imperial. These genotypes were planted at six different locations at Ciherang, Leuwikopo, Tajur, Subang, Rembang and Boyolali. IPB CH28, IPB CH25, IPB CH1 and IPB CH2 were more stable cultivars than IPB CH3, IPB CH5, IPB CH50, Adipati and Biola, which had 10, 9, 8, and 6 out of all 10 stability statistics used, respectively. IPB CH28 and IPB CH25 being the most stable cultivars. IPB CH3 was the best genotype compared to the checks based on pair wise GxE interaction test. Based on post predictive success, the AMMI2 model was able to explain 85.51% of the interaction-infl uenced variation. The stable genotypes in six locations were IPB CH1, IPB CH2, IPB CH25, IPB CH28, and IPB CH50. IPB CH3 genotype was locally adapted for Subang
Evaluation of Several Pup1-Lines of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) on Nutrient Solution and at the Field
Get PDFPhosphorus (P) deficiency is one of major problems in rice cultivation. Development of a tolerant variety to P deficient soil is expected to reduce the needs of P fertilizer. The aim of this research was to evaluate the agronomic performance of Pup1-introgression rice lines. This research consisted of two separate experiments, an evaluation on rice grown in nutrient solution in the greenhouse of ICABIOGRAD, Bogor; and field evaluation at upland rice screening site Taman Bogo, Lampung. The rice lines used were BC2 F3 derived from crossing of Situ Bagendit with Kasalath and NIL-C443, and from crossing of Batur with Kasalath and NIL-C443. Molecular analysis was conducted to verifiy the Pup1 introgression in the lines used and successfully confirmed the occurance of homozygote Pup1 segment in those lines. Evaluation of rice lines grown in nutrient solution was performed in a split plot factorial design, using the dose of Al (0 and 45 ppm Al3+) as main plots and dose of P (0.5 and 10 ppm P) as subplots. Field evaluation was performed in split plot design, with P fertilization (0 and 500 kg SP-18 ha-1) as main plots and BC2 F3 lines as the subplots. Evaluation using Yoshida nutrient solution showed that the BC2 F3 lines had greater total dry weight under low-P condition (37.5-112.5%), especially under Al-toxicity, compared to the respective parental varieties (Situ Bagendit and Batur). Field evaluation showed that the Pup1-introgression lines had greater shoot dry weight than the respective parental lines (10.5-74.82%). However there was no significnant effect of Pup1 introgression in terms of weight of filled grain
Efektivitas Frekuensi dan Volume Penyemprotan Daun dengan Agens Hayati Filosfer dalam Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Tanaman dan Hasil Padi
Get PDFABSTRACTIncreased of plant productivity in field determined by the use of quality seed from improved variety. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of frequency and volume of phyllosphere biological agents by foliar spray on rice plant infected by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) in improving plant growth, production of rice seed, and controlling bacterial leaf blight (BLB). This research was conducted at Seed Health Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Bogor Agricultural University, and Muara Experimental Field, Rice Research Institute, March through September 2014. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with two factors, and replicates as blocks. The first factor was five levels of frequency of spraying with biological agents: P0 = control, P1 = Xoo seed inoculated then invigorated with biomatriconditioning, P2 = Xoo inoculated seed, then biomatriconditioned, and the plants were sprayed with phyllosphere biological agents F112 once, P3 = as P2, and the plants were sprayed with F112 twice, and P4 = as P2, and the plants were sprayed with F112 three times. The second factor was three levels of spray volume: i.e., 300, 400, and 500 L ha-1. Result of this experiment revealed that biomatriconditioning with rhizobacteria P. diminuta A6 and B. subtilis 5/B improved field emergence and seedling dry weight. Seeds applied with biomatriconditioning then followed by foliar spray with phyllosphere bacteria F112 at 40, 60, and 80 days after transplanting effectively reduced severity of BLB, increased plant dry weight and seed yield. All treatments increased yield as compared to untreated control. Volume of foliar application showed no significant difference, therefore, the lowest volume of 300 L ha-1 was recommended. Keywords: Bacillus subtilis 5/B, biomatriconditioning, Pseudomonas diminuta A6, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryza
Respon 10 Varietas Krisan (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzelev) terhadap Dua Aplikasi Pemupukan di Lahan Terbuka
Get PDFABSTRACTCultivation of the chrysanthemum is usually carried out under the plastic-house to produce high quality flowers, but in some areas such as in Karo (North Sumatera), farmers have grown the plant in the open field using selected varieties for the same purpose. The study was aimed to assess responses of ten varieties of chrysanthemum toward two applications methods of fertilizer which was carried out in open-field at Segunung Experimental Garden, Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute (IOCRI) from July till December 2011. The experiment was arranged in a split-plot design with three replications. The main plot was ten chrysanthemum varieties of Besar Kuning, Merah Hati and Sakuntala; Besar Bandung, Berlian Putih, Matahari Kuning, Mata Kucing, Mata Dewa, Swarna Kencana and Puspita Nusantara. The subplot were two fertilizer applications methods, Karo and Balithi. Karo: manure 100 kg m-2 and 50 kg m-2 (in month 2), urea 30 g m-2 (in month 3) and Balithi: manure 20 ton ha-1, urea 200 kg ha-1, 350 kg KCl ha-1 dan 300 kg SP-36 ha-1, supplementary 1.5 g urea m-2, 6 g KNO3 dan 6 g SP-36 m-2. Both methods of applications can be applied to open field cultivation. Method of fertilizer application significantly affected stem diameter, intensity of disease infection and the time of flower initiation. The Balithi’s fertilizer application significantly reduced the intensity of rust disease on chrysanthemum, while Karo’s fertilizer application significantly increased stem diameter.Keywords: Chrysanthemum, open-field, two fertilization application, stem diameter, rust diseas
Application of Starter Solution Increased Yields of Chili Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
Get PDFChili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) was grown with polyethylene mulched on Inceptisol soil with low pH (5.5), low organic-C (1.54%), very low total N (0.12%), low K content (0.29 me (100 g)-1), but very high soil P2O5 concentration (19.2 ppm) to evaluate the best crop management practices with starter solution. Seven starter solution combinations (1 = No Starter Solution + No CM + No SI, 2 = CM + SSVC, 3 = CM + SSG, 4 = SI + SSVC, 5 = SI + SSG, 6 = SI + CM+ SSVC, and 7 = SI + CM + SSG) were arranged in a randomized completely block design with four replications. Whereas CM = cow manure, SSVC = organic starter solution, SSG = inorganic starter solution, and SI=standard inorganic fertilizer. The results showed that inorganic, as well as organic, starter solution increased chili pepper growth and yield in less fertile soil. The highest marketable yield was obtained with application of standard inorganic (SI) + cow manure (CM) + inorganic starter solution (SSG). Inorganic starter solution application resulted in a better plant growth than organic starter solution, being evident at 1 week until 7 weeks after transplanting. However, inorganic starter solution did not signifi cantly increase total marketable yields. Application of cow manure, standard inorganic fertilizer, or addition of organic starter solution reduced total unmarketable yield, improved fruit qualities and increased marketable yiel
Kandungan, Resorpsi N dan P serta Specifi c Leaf Area Daun Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) pada Cekaman Kekeringan
Get PDFPlant nutrient absorptions depend on their environment and plants’ stage of development. Beside from soil, nutrient absorption also proceed through resorption in leaves. The resorption efficiency varies based on types of habitat. Drought stress also influences the efficiency of nutrient resorption, growth rate, and plant development. The purpose of this research was to study the change of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) content and leaf resorption value of N and P, and specific leaf area of 6-years old cacao grown under drought stress. Research was carried out in a cacao plantation with 7-years old Gliricidia sepium Jacq. as shading trees. The results showed that drought stress with Troughfall Displacement Experiment (TDE) system did not affect the content and resorption level of N and P of cacao leaves. However, N resorption of cacao leaves tended to increase while P resorption decreased. Cacao plants experienced drought stress have the ability to resorp leaf N for 46.64-50.63%, leaf P for 47.98-58.40%, whereas, the control plants had the leaf N resorption of 45.05-52.97%, and leaf P resorption of 36.64-44.10%. Drought stress for 13 months on 6-years old cacao did not affect specifi c leaf area