Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy)
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Keragaan Hasil Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) pada Berbagai Umur Pemangkasan Yield of Jatropha curcas L. at Different Pruning Time
Get PDFSeed and oil production of physic nut (Jatropha curcas) is the function of planting material, growing condition, and alsocanopy architecture maintenance. The objective of the research was to determine the effect of pruning time on yield of physicnut. An experiment was conducted from November 2007 to November 2010 in North Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara using WestLombok genotype. The experimental design was randomized block design with three replications. There were four treatmentsi.e. a) without pruning, b) pruning at planting time, c) pruning of 1-year old trees at dormance period (after harvesting), andd) pruning of 2-years old trees at dormancy period (after harvesting). Results showed that development and maintenance ofphysic nut canopy is one of important agronomic practices to obtain high seed production. The best time for pruning during3-years production cycle was at the end of harvest of 1-year old trees which could yield more than 4 tonnes seed ha-1
Pengaruh Pengairan Separuh Daerah Akar terhadap Efisiensi Penggunaan Air dan Produksi Kedelai (Glycine max L.) pada Musim Kemarau
Get PDFA new method of irrigation was designed for increasing water use efficiency (WUE) and yield of field grown soybeanduring dry season. This experiment consisted of four treatments , namely (1) the whole root zone system was irrigated with4 L m-2; (2) the partial root zone system was irrigated with 4 L m-2; (3) the partial root zone system was irrigated with 3 Lm-2; and (4) the partial root zone system was irrigated with 2 L m-2. Partial root zone irrigation treatments were done bydaily watering one side between two plants row while the other side was allowed to dry and irrigation was shifted to the dryside while the wet side was allowed to dry every 7 days irrigation interval, respectively. The experiment was designed as arandomized complete block design with four replications and a 2.6 m x 2.4 m plot size. The results showed that the partialroot zone irrigation treatment maintained growth, biomass, nodule, relative leaf water content, relative leaf chlorophyllcontent, leaf nitrogen content and yield at the level of fully irrigated treatment and increased leaf ABA content and water useefficiency, but the effect depended on volume of water applied. Partial root zone irrigation with 2 L m-2 and 3 L m-2 irrigationdecreased yield by 2.97% and 16.91%, respectively, however, those treatments increased water use efficiency by 29.97% and23.63%, respectively, compared to those with fully irrigated plots.Keywords: ABA, irrigation, soybean, root zone, water use efficienc
The Effects of Pot Sizes and Number of Plants per Pot on the Growth of Amorphophallus muelleri Blume
Get PDFTo determine the effects of pot sizes and the number of plants per pot on the growth of Amorphophallus muelleri, seed corms weighing 100-125 g were planted in polyethylene pots. In the first experiment, a corm was planted in pots containing various amounts of growth media: i.e., 0.25, 0.40, 0.50, 1.00, 1.33, 2.00 and 4.00 kg. In the second experiment, different numbers of plant, i.e., 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, were grown in pots containing 4.00 kg of growth media. When plants were grown in pots containing a small amount of media (1.33 kg pot–1 or less), they produced small daughter corms and entered dormancy earlier than usual. The number of plants per pot had little effect on corm weight if the amount of growth media per plant was 0.80 kg or greater. As a result, corm yield increased with an increase in the number of plants per pot. The period from corm planting to harvest was slightly longer when only one plant was grown in a pot than when 2–5 plants were grown in the same-sized pot. This study suggested that the low productivity of A. muelleri in shallow soil was associated not only with a small amount of soil per plant but also with limited rooting volume. Keywords: available water, competition, dormancy, plant density, soil dept
Pengaruh Media Induksi terhadap Multiplikasi Tunas dan Pertumbuhan Planlet Pisang Rajabulu (AAB) dan Pisang Tanduk (AAB) pada Berbagai Media Multiplikasi
Get PDFThe aim of this research was to study the effects of explant from various induction media on multiplication and growth of cv Rajabulu (AAB) and Tanduk (AAB) plantain. This research was arranged in factorial complete randomized design with two factors. The fi rst factor was two kinds of explant which came from induction media I1 (MS + BA 2 mg L-1 + IAA 3 mg L-1), and from induction media I2 (MS + BA 2 mg L-1 + IAA 3 mg L-1 + TDZ 0.09 mg L-1); the second factor was 4 kinds of multiplication media, i.e. MS0 (control/without PGR), MS + BA 0.20 mg L-1 + IAA 0.01 mg L-1 (M1), MS + BA 1 mg L -1 + IAA 0.25 mg L-1 (M2), MS + BA 2 mg L-1 + IAA 0.5 mg L-1 (M3). The experiment results were the use of TDZ in the induction medium reduced the use of high cytokinin in the multiplication level. The use of Rajabulu explant that came from media I2 produced more shoots (4.3 shoots per explan) compared to explant from media I1 (3.2 shoots per explan). The use of multiplication media M3 and M2 produced the highest shoot number. The best shoot morphogenesis produced when the shoots after subculture in media with PGR (M3 or M2) to media MS0 (big shoot 3.1 and medium shoot 3.5). Tanduk plantain’s shoot was responsive to cytokinin. The best treatment is I1-M3 with the highest number of shoots and the highest percentage of big and medium shoot is (33%) compared to other treatments (<17 %). In the second subculture, the highest shoot number were obtained from multiplication media M3 and M2. The morphogenesis of Tanduk plantain produced the highest big shoot if subcultured to media M3-M0 and M2-M0, followed to M0-M0. Keywords: TDZ, cytokinin, auxin, morphogenesis, big shoot, medium shoo
Inokulasi Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula (FMA) dan Pemupukan P untuk Meningkatkan Hasil dan Mutu Benih Cabai (Capsicum annuum L.)
Get PDFThe research was carried out to investigate the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and phosphorus fertilizer on yield and seed quality of two genotypes of hot chilli pepper. The experiment was arranged in split-split plot with randomized block design, each with 3 replicates. The main plot was two pepper genotipes of Laris and Tegar, the sub plot was two AMF i.e without AMF and inoculation Mycofer AMF, the sub-sub plot was four dosages of phosphorus fertilizer, they are 0, 100, 125, and 150 kg P2O5 ha-1. Results showed that (1) genotype and AMF signifi cantly affected plant height; (2) genotypes interacted with AMF in affecting fruit and seed production; (3) interaction among genotip, AMF and phosporus fertilizer affected N, P, K content of seed, and N, P, K absorption of seed. For Laris, N absorpstion increased by 57,70%, P absorpstion increased by 155%, K absorpstion increased by 44.27%, whereas of Tegar genotype the N absorpstion increased by 61.50%, P absorpstion increased by 69.30%, K absorpstion increased by 60.61%. The germination rate and seedling growth rate of the two genotype are only affected by the application of P fertilizer. The index vigor of Laris and Tegar was only affected by both AMF and P fertilizer application. Keywords: AMF, fertilizer, Mycofer, seed qualit
Analisis Kemiripan 20 Aksesi Temu Ireng (Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb.) Berdasarkan Warna Rimpang, Hasil Ekstrak, dan Kandungan Fitokimia
Get PDFABSTRACTCurcuma aeruginosa Roxb., popularly known as “temu ireng”, is considered as a potential source of medicinal plant for pharmacological activities. However, varieties of C. aeruginosa are still limited in Indonesia so it needs more accessions for improvement and development of new varieties. Rhizome colors, phytochemical contents and extract yield from 20 promising lines of C. aeruginosa were investigated by qualitative method for rhizome colors and phytochemical contents, and maceration method using 70% ethanol for yield extract. Similarity analysis was used for cluster analysis based on rhizome colors, phytochemical contents and yield extract. Blue was the color characterization of rhizome C. aeruginosa. The extract yield for 20 promising lines of C. aeruginosa varied from 7.92 to 19.71%, with KN and BH promising lines having the lowest and highest value, respectively. All promising lines of C. aeruginosa contain saponin and triterpenoid. Based on similarity analysis, all promising lines could be divided into 3 clusters. Cluster I consisted of 14 promising lines i.e. WG, SH, KA, GD, BH, KP, NW, PW, MB, PR, PT, KN, MD, and PK. Cluster II consisted of 4 promising lines i.e. LC, CB, KL, and GK. Cluster III consisted of 2 promising lines i.e. KD and SG. Keywords: promising lines, saponin, triterpenoi
Identifikasi Toleransi Kekeringan Tetua Padi Hibrida pada Fase Perkecambahan Menggunakan Polietilen Glikol (PEG) 6000
Get PDFABSTRACTDeveloping of drought tolerant hybrid rice varieties requires parental lines which have tolerance to drought. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) has been widely used as an osmotic solution for detecting drought tolerance at germination stage of rice. The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate variables of drought tolerance at germination stage and to select drought tolerance of parental lines using osmotic solution PEG 6000 at concentration of 25%. The experiment was conducted at the greenhouse ICABIOGRAD Cimanggu Bogor, during April-May 2014. The design of the experiment was arranged in factorial randomized block design with three replications. The first factor (genotype) had 21 levels and the second factor (osmotic potential) had two levels (0 and 25% concentration levels of PEG 6000). Based on the principal component analysis, six primary indicators were proposed for drought tolerance of rice at germination stage, i.e., germination percentage, seed vigor, seminal root length, seedling length and dry weight of seminal root. Based on the clustering analysis, at 73.76% of similarity rate, the 21 tested genotypes were divided into 2 groups. The genotypes which showed similar responses with Salumpikit were IR 58025B, GMJ 14B, IR 80154B, GMJ 15B, R 3, PK 90, and PK 12 respectively. Keywords: drought tolerance, germination, hybrid rice PEG, parental line
Pengurangan Dosis Pupuk pada Produksi Sawi Hijau Organik dengan Pergiliran Tanaman Jagung dan Kedelai
Get PDF The application of organic fertilizer and crop rotation are combination of cultivation system integrally to preserve land fertility. This study aimed to determine the effect of crop residues produced in the first season to reduce organic fertilizer rate for mustard greens cultivation in the second season. The experiment was conducted at IPB organic farm, Cikarawang, Darmaga in April until June 2015. The first season was the first experiment conducted separately for soybean and corn to study different manure types for both crops which the rate of each manure was 20 ton ha-1 for soybean and 25 ton ha-1 for corn. Soybean and corn residues were used in the following season on mustard green cultivation. The experimental design was split plot design with crop residues as main plot, and combination of manure types (chicken, cow, goat) and rates (0, 10 ton ha-1) as sub plot. Data were analyzed using variance. Means were statistically compared with Tukey test at α < 0.05 level. The results showed that the soybean and corn residues can be used as nutrient sources for mustard greens cultivation. The application of manure was not necessary for mustard greens cultivation if soybean or corn residues were added in the second season and there was residues from manure in the first season.Keywords: chicken manure, cow manure, crop residue, goat manur
Adaptabilitas Varietas Inpara di Lahan Rawa Pasang Surut Tipe Luapan Air B pada Musim Kemarau
Get PDFTidal swamp lands are marginal lands with considerable potentials for rice farming. The key solution to overcome swampy lands constraints are nutrient and water managements as well as the use of adaptive rice varieties. Inpara (inbred swampy land rices) varieties have been released by the Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (IAARD) which are adaptive to swampy land conditions. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the adaptability of Inpara varieties in tidal swamp lands with type B overflow. The field experiment was carried out in Karang Bunga village, Barito Kuala District, South Kalimantan Province, in the dry season from April to August 2016. The research was arranged in randomized complete block design, with 3 replicates. The varieties tested, i.e., Inpara 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and check varieties Margasari, Ciherang, and Mekongga. The results showed that the adaptability varied among varieties tested. Inpara 3, 4, 6, 8, and 9 had high yield and good adaptation on tidal swamp land yielded 3.475-4.299 ton ha-1. These varieties produced between 38.5 to 71.3% higher than Margasari and 51.4 to 87.2% higher than Mekongga. Inpara 3, 4, 6, 8, and 9 could be used as a main varieties in the tidal swamp lands.Keywords: rice, swampy land, variet
In Vitro Selection of Four Soybean Genotypes using PEG for Drought Tolerance
Get PDFThe use of somatic embryo for in vitro selection program is very useful since the selected traits will be inherited in the progeny. This study was aimed to obtain somaclonal variants for drought tolerances of soybean genotypes from in vitro selection using polyethylene glycol (PEG). The experiments were set up in two factors with completely randomize design and each treatment was replicated ten times. Four soybean genotypes (Tanggamus, Anjasmoro, Yellow Biloxi, CG-22-10, and SP-10-4) were used in this study as first factor experiment. In vitro selection was in embryogenic callus level using media containing PEG (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%) as second factor experiment was done to all genotypes. The results showed that after 3 months in the selection medium, SP-10-4 and Tanggamus genotypes showed higher percentage of fresh callus (surviving callus) and number of embryogenic callus, compared to Anjasmoro and Yellow biloxi. In contrast, CG-22-10 had the lowest number of fresh callus and number of embryogenic callus compared to other genotypes. PEG in high concentration decreased the percentage of fresh callus and number of embryogenic callus in all genotypes. Tanggamus was the only genotype that survived until cotyledonary-stage embryos after transferring in MS0 regeneration medium. Seven Tanggamus somatic embryos from PEG selection succesfully germinated and regenerated into plantlet as drought-tolerant somaclone candidates. Keywords: abiotic stress, embryogenic callus, Glycine max, somaclon