Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy)
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Nitrogen and Potassium Applications on the Growth of Amorphophallus muelleri Blume
Get PDFProductivity of Amorphophallus muelleri is considered low. Thus, pot experiment was conducted at the CikabayanExperimental Farm, Bogor Indonesia during rainy season November 2007 to July 2008, in order to determine the optimumfertilizer dose for A. muelleri under 50% shading net. Treatments consisted of four doses of nitrogen (0, 50, 100 and 150 kgha-1 N) and three doses of potassium (0, 50 and 100 kg ha-1 K2O). The results showed that application of N and K fertilizerssignificantly increased vegetative growth, i.e., number of leaves, number of leaflets and second leaf size, but did not affectharvesting time. Fresh weight and dry matter content of daughter corm were significantly affected by N and K applications.Combination of 50 kg ha-1 N and 100 kg ha-1 K2O resulted in higher corm weight than other treatments. It is evident that theapplication of nitrogen and potassium is important in A. muelleri.Keywords: disease infection, iles-iles, Indonesian konjac, nitrogen, potassiu
Efektivitas Bahan Pelapis Benih terhadap Penyerapan Fosfat dan Pertumbuhan Bibit Kelapa Sawit
Get PDFOne way of overcome phosphate deficiency in oil palm plantation is seed enrichment using phosphate solvent microbes. This technique is expected to accelerate phosphate availability for plant. The aim of the research was to identify the best coating materials for seed enrichment that compatible with Burkholderia sp. in order to increase phosphate absorption, seed storability, and growth of oil palm seedlings. This research consisted of two consecutive experiments. The first experiment was arranged in randomized block design, with nine treatments of different seed coating materials. The second experiment was arranged in nested design, with main factor of 11 different seed coating materials and nested factors were five storage periods. The data was collected on growth parameters of seedling height, root length, trunk height, dry weight; phosphate absorption, and DGGE analysis. The research showed there were three best seed coating materials of CMC 1.5%, CMC 2% + gypsum 1.5%, and CMC 1.5% + talc 1%. The coating material enhances seedling growth and phosphate absorption. Seed coating and enrichment maintained seedling vigor for three days in the storage. Keywords: Burkholderia sp., carboxyl methyl cellulose, phosphate solvent microbial, seed enrichment, seed storag
Peningkatan Mutu Fisiologis dan Daya Simpan Benih serta Ketahanan Patogen dan Agen Hayati pada Benih Padi Berpelapis
Get PDFABSTRACTXanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), is a seedborne pathogen causing bacterial leaf blight (BLB) disease, and reduces the quality of seed and rice production. One of the efforts to control the BLB disease and to improve the quality Xoo infected seeds is the seed coating technique enriched with biological agents. The experiment was aimed to study the effect of coating on seed quality and storage life, as well as the Xoo and biological agents resistence (P. diminuta A6 and B. subtilis 5/B) on the seeds. The experiment was carried out from August 2011 to March 2012, using a split plot design with four replications. The main plot was storage period, i.e. 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 months. The sub plot was seed coating treatment consisted of negative control (healthy seed); positive control (seeds contaminated with Xoo); seed infested with biological agens; alginate 3% + 1% peat + biological agents; arabic gum 3% + 1% gypsum + biological agents; CMC 1.5% + 1% talc + biological agents; and bactericide streptomycin sulfat 20%. The coated seeds were stored an air-conditioned room (18-20 °C, RH 48-50%). The results showed that the treatments were able to maintain seeds quality during storage, i.e. germination percentage, uniformity percentage, and vigor index, better than those of the positive control. The P. diminuta A6 was still presence (0.08 x 106 cfu mL-1) in seeds coated after 7 month storage, and the B. subtilis 5/B was still presence (0.07 x 106 cfu mL-1) up to 6 month storage with 3% arabic gum + 1% gypsum + biological agents. Keywords: Bacillus subtilis 5/B, Pseudomonas diminuta A6, seed quality, storage space, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryza
Peranan Lebah Trigona laeviceps (Hymenoptera: Apidae) dalam Produksi Biji Kailan (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra)
Get PDFKale (Brassica oleraceae) has small and compound floral-type and usually visited by bees, including Trigona laeviceps (Apidae: Melliponini) as pollinator which can increase fruit and seed production of many species of agricultural crops. Aims of the research were to study foraging activity and the role of T. laeviceps in seed production of kale. Three treatments were used i.e., caged crop with one colonies of T. laeviceps, open crop with one colonies of T. laeviceps and caged crop without bee. Foraging activities of T. laeviceps were observed during the flowering by using a focal sampling method and visual method. Measuring the amount of pollen was done by using glycerol and alcohol (70%) with a ratio 4:1 and pollen viability was observed in Brewbaker and Kwack solutions. Result showed that flower handling time of T. laeviceps was highest during 09.00-10.00 (36.3 seconds/flower) with foraging rate was 8.26 flowers per 5 minutes. Flower handling time was lowest during 15.00-16.00 (10.6 seconds/flower) with foraging rate was 28.6 flowers per 5 minutes. Pollen load of T. laeviceps in the caged crop (8125 grain) was higher than in open crop (3000 grain). Viability of the pollen in the caged crop (80.8%) was higher than that of open crop (31.4%). Pollination by T. laeviceps increased 141% number of pods per plant, 48% number of seeds per pod, 204% of seed weight per plant, and 177% of seed germination. Keywords: foraging activity, pollination, fruit set, pollen viabilit
Keragaman Genetik Bawang Merah (Allium cepa L.) Berdasarkan Marka Morfologi dan ISSR
Get PDFDevelopment of new shallot varieties requires genetic variation of the germplasm. However, information on genetic diversity of local shallot in Indonesia is still lacking. This study was aimed to analyze the genetic diversity of shallot based on morphological characters and ISSR markers for management of genetic resource and breeding program in Indonesia. This study was conducted during October 2014 to September 2015. The 34-shallot genotypes were collected from several regions in Indonesia in the form of the bulb. Twenty four morphological markers and 13 ISSR primers were used in this research. The informative characters to analyze genetic diversity of shallot were foliage cracking, bulb number and bulb morphological characters. ISSR markers generated 103 DNA polymorphic band with the total of 89.57% and the informative primers were ISSRred 4, ISSRred 9 and ISSRred 20. Both morphological and ISSR markers showed 27% genetic diversity and grouped all genotypes into two main groups; however the grouping did not relate to the geographic origin. The largest bulb diameter of 7.54 cm was obtained from Bangkok variety and the highest number of bulb per clump of 27 bulb/clump was produced by the genotype from Pekanbaru. These genotypes can be used as potential parents for shallot breeding program in Indonesia. Keywords: genetic diversity, ISSR markers, morphological characters, shallo
Produktivitas Tiga Genotipe Kedelai dengan Air Berbeda dan Kedalaman Muka Air pada Berbagai Kondisi Tanah di Pasang Surut
Get PDFABSTRACTSoybean extensification on mineral and peaty mineral soils of tidal land are limited by Al and Fe toxicity. Modification of growing environment and the use of tolerant variety are the possible alternatives to overcome the limitation. The research was aimed to study soybean productivity in various soil types with different depth of water level and different water compositions. The experiment was held under mineral, peaty mineral soils with interaction types B and C of tidal swamp in Banyuasin, South Sumatera from May to August 2014. At each location, there was a three factor experiment was arranged in a split-split plot design. The first factor was two water depth (10 and 20 cm), the second factor was three varieties (Tanggamus, Cikuray, Ceneng) and third factor was three different water compositions (river water, peat water, high-tide water). The results showed productivity on mineral soil types C, peaty mineral soil types B, and mineral soil types B were 4:50, 3.65, 0:32 ton ha-1 respectively. In peaty mineral soil types B, Ceneng with a depth of 20 cm water level resulted in highest productivity. In the mineral soil overflow type B, Cikuray with peat water composition had highest productivity.Keywords: mineral, peaty mineral, sensitive, toleran
Seleksi dan Karakter Sekunder Jagung Inbrida Toleran Cekaman Kekeringan
Get PDFThe availability of drought-tolerant maize inbred materials are useful to develop a hybrid or synthetic drought tolerant maize varieties. This research was aimed to select drought tolerant and determine secondary traits for selection of inbred maize. Selection of 31 maize inbred lines was conducted in nested experimental design in which the replicate was nested into the drought stress selection condition and normal irrigation. Drought stress treatment was applied during flowering to milk phase. In the normal irrigation condition the water was supplied every 10 days. The results showed that the medium tolerant to tolerant to drought stress inbred lines were 1044-30, DTPYC9-F46-3-9-1-1-B, CML161 / NEI9008, DTPYC9-F46-1-2-1-2- B, and Mr14. The yield declined of tolerant/medium tolerant inbred lines of about 17.0-38.3% was lower than sensitive inbred lines of about 42.8-70.7% under stress condition. The tolerant/medium tolerant inbred lines can be used for developing drought tolerant or synthetic varieties. The secondary traits effective for selection of drought tolerant inbred lines were shelling percentage, leaf chlorophyll, leaf rolling scores, number of tassel, the female flowering dates, and anthesis silking interval (ASI). The traits were more effected by genetic factors than the environmental factors and correlated to yield under drought stress conditions.Keywords: anthesis silking interval, environmental condition, inbred lines, tassel number, yiel
Aplikasi Cendawan Pelarut Fosfat Indigenous Tanah Sawah Meningkatkan Ketersediaan dan Serapan P Padi Sawah
Get PDFIncreasing P availaibility can be done using Phosphate solubilizing microorganism, but available information about indigenous phosphate solubilizing microorganism utilization from paddy soil that intensively fertilized with P is limited. The objectives of this experiment were to isolate, to select and to test the potential of phosphate solubilizing fungi (PSF) in increasing P availability, P uptake and rice production. Five isolates of PSF, referred to A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5 isolates, were belong to the Aspergillus genera. Field experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with one factor and 3 replications. The treatments consisted of 11 combinations of PSF and NPK fertilizer, i.e., without PSF + 100% rate of NPK fertilizer; PSF A1 + 50% rate of NPK fertilizer; PSF A1 + 100% rate of NPK fertilizer; PSF A2 + 50% rate of NPK fertilizer; PSF A2 + 100% rate of NPK fertilizer; PSF A3 + 50% rate of NPK fertilizer; PSF A3 + 100% rate of NPK fertilizer; PSF A4 + 50% rate of NPK fertilizer; PSF A4 + 100% rate of NPK fertilizer; PSF A5 + 50% rate of NPK fertilizer; PSF A5 + 100% rate of NPK fertilizer. Experiment results showed that application of PSF isolates increased P availaibility, P uptake, rice growth and rice production significantly. Application of PSF A1 + 50% rate of NPK fertilizer was the best treatment as indicated by the increased in weight of 1,000 rice grains, P availaibility and P uptak
Peranan Fosfor dalam Meningkatkan Toleransi Tanaman Sorgum terhadap Cekaman Aluminium
Get PDFThe management of P nutrition can be a good solution for aluminum toxicity and P nutrient deficiency in acid soil. This study aimed to determine the role of phosphorus in improving the tolerance of sorghum to Al stress in nutrient culture. This research was conducted at green house of IPB Bogor, tissue culture laboratory in the Department of AGH IPB and Balai Besar Pasca Panen Cimanggu Bogor, from January to November 2014. A completely randomized factorial design was used in three experiments. The results revealed that addition of P improved the tolerance of two sorghum genotypes to Al stress as indicated by the reduction in root length inhibition by Al, where P was more effective in tolerant genotype Numbu. Addition of P reduced the accumulation of Al in the root tissues as shown by the lighter intensity of hematoxylin staining, especially in Numbu. Aluminum stress increased the secretion of oxalate acid in both sorghum genotypes, where P lowered oxalate acid secretion in both genotypes. These facts showed that the role of P in improving the tolerance of sorghum to Al stress might be associated with the inhibition of Al absorption into the root tissues, although the mechanism is not yet known.Keywords: Al stress, organic acid secretion, role of P, root staining method, sorghu
Identifikasi Penanda SSR yang Berasosiasi dengan Bobot Tandan Buah Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)
Get PDFOil palm is a perennial oil crop that contribute the most important source of vegetable oil in the world. Oil palm breeding cycle take a long period, therefore molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS) is required to shorten the selection time. This MAS require the associated marker to desired trait, particularly for yield and the component that as a complex trait and depend on genetic background. The aim of this study was to obtain SSR marker that associated with average of bunch weight (ABW). Plant material was used in this study is Tenera population derived from Deli Dura x AVROS Pisifera. Seven SSR markers from public database were associated to ABW trait. Molecular data analysed for SSR markers profile which consisted of allelic diversity, heterozygosity level, and polymorphism information content (PIC). Association between SSR markers to ABW traits was performed with single marker analysis using one way analysis of variance. The results showed that SSR markers were able to amplify DNA with two to three number of alleles with the average of 2.3 alleles per locus. ABW trait for this population was significantly associated with mEgCIR3428 marker. This marker may be used in the selection of Deli Dura and AVROS Pisifera palm on the next selection cycle.Keywords: Average of bunch weight, AVROS Pisifera, Deli Dura, single marker analysi