Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy)
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Identifikasi Senyawa Fenol Beberapa Aksesi Teki (Cyperus rotundus L.) serta Pengaruhnya terhadap Perkecambahan Biji Borreria alata (Aubl.) DC.
Get PDFPurple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) is one of the important weeds in the world because of its ability to suppress the production of crops and difficult to control. C. rotundus residues can suppress the growth of others weeds. The experiments were conducted to identify the phenolic compound of C. rotundus from six different accessions and to determine the allelopathic effects of C. rotundus extracts on germination of Borreria alata (Aubl.) DC. The identification of phenolic compound was done using extract from all part of mature C. rotundus taken from different accessions and was analyzed using GC-MS. Analysis of C. rotundus extracts on germination of B. alata was designed using completely randomized design with three replications. The treatments were extract of C. rotundus from different accessions (from Cikarawang-Darmaga, Babakan-Darmaga, Ciawi, Megamendung, Cisarua, and Cianjur) with different concentration, 0.75 kg L-1 and 1.5 kg L-1. The result showed that C. rotundus from six accession had phenolic compond with different amounts. Cianjur accesion contained the most phenol content such as 2-furanmethanol; 1,4-benzenediol; 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol; phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy; syringic acid; and 3-hydroxybenzoic acid. Germination test showed that C. rotundus extracts from different accessions and concentration had the same inhibitory effect on germination of B. alata.Keywords: Allelopathy, bioherbicide, purple nutsedge, weed managemen
Perbanyakan In Vitro Dendrobium Indonesia Raya ‘Ina’ melalui Embriogenesis Somatik Berbasis Sistem Bioreaktor
Get PDFABSTRACTAn effective and efficient in vitro propagation system has important roles in preparing and producing high quality-seedlings of Dendrobium for commercial scale. The objective of this research was to establish an effective and efficient embryogenic callus (EC) proliferation method using bioreactor system and regeneration EC into plantlet for producing high quality seedlings of Dendrobium Indonesia Raya ‘Ina’. Differences in callus densities (5, 10, 15, and 20 g callus in 250 mL medium), aeration levels (2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 O2 volume per medium volume per minute; vvm), and regeneration media half-strength MS and 2 g L-1 NPK (32:10:10) combinated by 0.00, 0.05 mg L-1 BA, 150 mL L-1 coconut water and their combinations were tested in this experiment. The experiments were arranged using randomized completely block design (RCBD) with three replications for EC proliferation and randomized completely desaign (RBD) for EC regeneration. The results showed that combination of aeration at 2.5 vvm and 10 g of EC was the most suitable aeration level and callus density for proliferation of EC in the 500 ml airlift bioreactor with 6.85 multiplication rate, 92.5% EC formation, and malformed callus morphology as low as 6.1%. The highest somatic embryos (SEs) formation was 87.7% with 44.5 SEs per clump and 92.1% SEs germination with 41.0 germinated-SEs per clump, 85.1% normal germinated-SEs, and whereas the best performance of plantlet was obtained from 1/2 MS + 0.05 mg L-1 BA semi solid medium. Plantlets were successfully acclimatized using Cycas rumphii medium with high survival rate (91.6%). Keywords: aerations, callus densities, germination, media, somatic embryo
Karakter Seleksi pada Generasi Awal untuk Adaptasi Padi terhadap Cekaman Suhu Tinggi
Get PDFABSTRACT Developing new rice varieties adaptive to heat stress is important to maintain high rice production in anticipating global warming effects. This research was aimed to find selection characters and to select the best segregant in early generation based on agronomic characters for adaptation of rice to heat stress. The experiment was carried out in September 2014 to Januari 2015. About 210 F2 segregants generated trough hybridization between IPB 4S (sensitive parent) and Situ Patenggang (tolerant parent), 20 individuals of IPB 4S, and 20 individuals of Situ Patenggang, were used as genetic control. All genetic materials were exposed to high temperature stress by growing in a green house of Bogor Agricultural University. The average temperature in the research period was 24 °C and 42.09 °C, respectively for minimum and maximum temperature. The results showed that charachters of productive and total tiller number, total grain number, and seed weight had high heritability, high coeffiecient of genetics variability-with an additive gene action. That charachters could be proposed as selection criteria in early generation for rice breeding of adaptation to high temperature stress. The characters could be applied in either single trait or multiple traits selection. Based on multiple traits selection we found 50 the best F2 segregation.Keywords: differential selection, early generation, heat tolerant, heritability, gene action, variability genetics coeffiecien
Parameter Genetik dan Deteksi Segregan Transgresif pada Populasi Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.) Generasi F3
Get PDFABSTRACTSelection of transgressive segregants is considered as one effective way of obtaining peanut genotypes with high yield on early segregation. The objective of the study was to estimate genetic parameters and to identify transgressive segregants of peanut family in F3 generation. The experiment was conducted at Leuwikopo, Dramaga, Bogor on August-Desember 2014. The genetic materials evaluated were 218 family F3 generation from 5 biparental population (Jerapah/GWS79A1, GWS79A1/Zebra, GWS79A1/Jerapah, Zebra/GWS79A1 and Zebra/GWS18) and 4 commercial varieties as checks (Gajah, Jerapah, Sima, and Zebra). The experiment was conducted in an augmented randomized complete block design with 4 replications for the checks. The results showed that quantitative characters had continuous distribution and they were controlled by many genes with additive, dominance, complementary epistasis, or additive epistasis gene action. Total number of pod and number of pod had high heritability and moderate genetic coefficient of variation. Selection with 10% intensity showed that 22 families had large total number of pods while six families had larger total number of pods than both parents. Family U2-39 estimated was identified as a putative transgressive segregant with high total number of pod and had smaller variance within family than Sima variety. Keywords: additive,gene action, heritability, GC
Pengembangan Kriteria Seleksi untuk Perakitan Terung (Solanum melongena L.) Berdaya Hasil Tinggi
Get PDFEggplants (Solanum melongena L.) are consumed worldwide in a variety of colors, shapes and sizes, thus vegetable plant breeders place great interest in developing high yielding genotypes in response to the population growth and the need to increase vegetable production. This research was aimed to determine the proper character as selection character for breeding high yielding eggplants by using estimated heritability value, coefficient of genetic diversity, characters correlation and path analysis. The experiment was conducted during 2014 to August 2015 at Cikabayan Experimental Field, Tajur Experimental Field and Pasir Sarongge Experimental Field, IPB, West Java. A total of 12 characters was observed in the 25 genotypes. Eleven characters has a high estimated heritability value and high coefficient of genetic diversity value. Those characters were time of flowering, time of harvest, fruit length, fruit weight, fruit diameter, plant height, stem length, fruit apical scar length, calyx length, the number of fruits per plant and fruit weight per plant. Results of correlation and path analysis showed that fruit length, fruit weight, fruit diameter, stem diameter, calyx length and number of fruits per plant have a direct positive effect on fruit weight per plant. Fruit weight, fruit diameter and number of fruits per plant are suitable characters in determining the selection criteria for developing high productivity eggplant.Keywords: path analysis, correlation, heritability, genetic diversity coefficien
Keragaman Beberapa Aksesi Temu Hitam (Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb.) Berdasarkan Karakter Morfologi
Get PDFCurcuma aeruginosa Roxb. or black turmeric belongs to the family Zingiberaceae is one of the important medicinal plant that is widely distributed in Southeast Asia, including in Indonesia. This plant has been used by the people especially as raw material for medicine and cosmetics industries. However, the development of black turmeric is still constrained by the availability of germplasm collection and improved varieties. The objective of this study was to determine the vegetative morphological characters and phylogenetic relationship among 10 accessions of black turmeric and 3 accessions of genus Curcuma in Indonesia. Data was collected for 15 morphological quantitative characters of black turmeric at the Experimental Garden at Sukamantri IPB based on UPOV and PPVFRA descriptors. The result of principal component analysis has determined three principal components with the proportion of diversity 73.94%. Cluster analysis three clusters accession of black turmeric, namely cluster 1 consisted of accession Cianjur, Malang, Rimbo, and Kendal; cluster 2 consisted of accession Bogor, turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), java turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.), Liwa, Natar, white turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria Roscoe.); cluster 3 consisted of accession Cirebon, Kuningan 1, and Kuningan 2. Keywords: cluster, component analysis, germplasm, medicinal plant, phylogeneti
Karakter Morfologi dan Kimia Kultivar Pamelo (Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.) Berbiji dan Tanpa Biji
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to evaluate morphological and chemical characteristics of seeded and seedless pummelofruit. The study was carried out during April 2009 to July 2010. The pummelo fruits were harvested from the productioncenter of Sumedang, Pati, Kudus, Magetan, Bireun (Aceh) and Pangkep (South Sulawesi). Some of seeded cultivars havespherical and ellipsoid form, while the seedless one shown pyriform shape. The edible portion of the fruits (juice vesicles)mainly affected by peel thickness and fruit shape. The edible portion of seedless cultivars (57.22%) were not sigificantlydifferent with seeded (57.07%) and potentially seedless cultivars (59.35%). Generally fruit taste of seedless cultivars weresweet to sweet-bitter, meanwhile seeded and potentially seedless pummelo cultivars have sour-sweet. Pummelo juice tastewas affected by TSS (total soluble solids), TA (titratable acidity), TSS/TA ratio and naringin content. Seedless pummelocultivars have higher pH, TSS, TSS/TA ratio, vitamin C and naringin, but lower in TA content than seeded and potentiallyseedless fruit juice. ‘Jawa 1’ and ‘Bali Merah 2’ pummelos can be further developed as seedless superior cultivars.Keywords: fruit shape, edible portion, TSS/TA, naringin, vitamin
Pengurangan Pemakaian Pupuk Anorganik dengan Penambahan Bokashi Serasah Tanaman pada Budidaya Tanaman Tomat
Get PDFThe aim of the research was to investigate the application of plant compost on the growth and yield of tomatoes. The experiment was conducted in Bandar Lampung from October 2009 until February 2010. The experimental design was completely randomized block design with 3 replications. The treatments were: control; recommended inorganic fertilizers 135 kg N ha-1, 75 kg P2O5 ha-1, and 110 kg K2O ha-1; white leadtree (Leucaena glauca) compost + recommended inorganic fertilizer; legume compost + 50% recommended inorganic fertilizer; teak (Tectona grandis) compost + recommended inorganic fertilizer; teak compost + 50% recommended inorganic fertilizer; paddy straw (Oryza sativa) compost + recommended inorganic fertilizer; paddy straw compost + 50% recommended inorganic fertilizer; rattlepod (Crotalaria anagyroides) compost + recommended inorganic fertilizer; rattlepod compost + 50% recommended inorganic fertilizer. Our results showed that rattlepod and paddy straw composts gave similar results in tomato growth and yield, and they were better than other plant composts tested. The application of 50% inorganic fertilizers combined with plant compost had the higher yield as compared to recommended inorganic fertilizer treatment. This implied that the use of plant compost could reduce the use of inorganic fertilizers while maintaining higher yield than using inorganic fertilizers only. The soil chemical properties was improved after application of plant compost. Keywords: inorganic fertilizer, plant compost, tomatoe
Pembungaan Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) beberapa Ekotipe Nusa Tenggara Barat
Get PDFThe fl owering biology of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) has been observed in dry land (sandy entisol soil type) of AmorAmor, North Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. Exploration was conducted in several areas where high population of physic nut grown as fence plant was found. Quantitative, descriptive, and observation data were collected for each accession during two-year growth period. Randomized block design was used in this research with three replications from November 2006 until November 2008. Treatments consisted of fi ve ecotypes, i.e. West Lombok, Central Lombok, East Lombok, Sumbawa, and Bima. The results showed that fl owering of physic nut West Nusa Tenggara ecotypes was produced continuously during a year, while the peak number of fl ower was only twice e.g. at the early (November-February) and at the end (April–May) of rainy season. Duration of the fl owering process took around 3 days for female fl ower, around 2 days for male fl ower, and 7-10 days for total fl ower per infl orescence. Higher genetic potential for female fl ower formation was found on West Lombok, Sumbawa, and Bima ecotype. This result should be useful information for breeding programme of physic nut. However, since physic nut is a perennial plant, further study is needed especially on the technology to control fl owering. Keywords: dry season, fl owering, fruiting, rainy season
Respon Klon Karet terhadap Frekuensi Penyiraman di Media Tailing Pasir Pasca Penambangan Timah
Get PDFSand tailings derived from tin post-minings activities have high porosity, low water holding capacity, and low organic matter content. These conditions causes soil water defi cit, especially in dry season. To increase the successful of sand tailings revegetation with rubber tree, it is important to select some rubber tree clones based on their adaptability on the sand tailings conditions, especially drought stress. This research aimed to study the response of several rubber tree clones to the frequency of watering on sand tailings. The experiment was conducted in a plastic house at the experimental station of Agrotechnology Study Program of Bangka Belitung University, Sungailiat for 4 months. The experimental design was a factorial randomized block design with two factors and three replications. The fi rst factor was the frequency of watering (every day, every 3 days, and every 5 days), the second factor was a combination of recommended rootstock clones and recommended latex clones (clone GT 1 + PB 260, GT 1 + IRR 118, and PB 260 + BPM 24). The results showed that watering every 5 days caused drought stress resulted in impaired growth of rubber in sand tailings media derived from tin post-mining. The combination of rootstocks and scions PB 260 + BPM 24 and PB 260 + IRR118 were categorized as moderately tolerant clones while GT 1 + PB 260 was categorized as sensitive clones to drought stress in the sand tailings media.Keywords: drought tolerance, watering frequency, rubber tree clones, sand tailing