Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy)
Not a member yet
996 research outputs found
Sort by
Penyimpanan Serbuk Sari Jagung dan Potensinya untuk Produksi Benih Hibrida
Get PDFProduction of maize hybrid seed is hindered by relatively poor production by the male line pollen; short live of the pollen which was ascribed to desiccation and dehydration sensitive and flowering asynchrony between male and female lines. The aims of this study were to enhance production and viability of male line pollen and also to determine the suitable storage condition for maintaining pollen viability in order to be used for production of hybrid seed. The research consisted of two experiments. The first experiment was arranged in split plot randomized block design with NPK dosages as main plot (0, 300, 600, 900 kg ha-1) and application of boron as sub-plot (0, 1.5, 3, 4.5, 6 kg ha-1), replicated three times. The second experiment used randomized block design with two factors, i.e. storage temperature (-196 oC and -20 oC) and storage period (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks). The result showed that NPK 900 kg ha-1 increased the number of spike per tassel from 9.3 to 10.7. Application of NPK 600 kg ha-1 or boron 1.5 kg ha-1 improved pollen viability. Combination of NPK 900 kg ha-1 and boron 6 kg ha-1 resulted in the highest pollen viability of 95.3%. Pollen after being stored for four weeks either in -196 ºC or -20 ºC was possible to be used for seed production with 20% seed set.Keywords: boron, freezer, liquid nitrogen, NPK dosage, pollen viability
Induksi dan Proliferasi Embriogenesis Somatik In Vitro pada Lima Genotipe Kedelai
Get PDFABSTRACTSomatic embryo induction medium was reported to be genotype dependent for soybean. This study was aimed to obtain the optimum medium for embryo somatic induction and proliferation, and to regenerate somatic embryo of five soybean genotypes. Five soybean genotypes (Tanggamus, Anjasmoro, Yellow Biloxi, CG-22-10, and SP-10-4) were used in this study. The research was divided into four steps: (1) embryogenic callus induction of five soybean genotypes, (2) embryogenic callus proliferation of five soybean genotypes, (3) optimation of embryo somatic induction on five soybean genotypes and (4) embryo somatic regeneration of five soybean genotypes. The induction experiment showed that based on number of embryogenic callus, the best somatic embryo-induction medium was 3% sucrose+ NAA 5 mg L-1+2,4-D 5 mg L-1+ Vitamin B5. Embryogenic callus number for each genotype tested was increased on proliferation media of 3% sukrosa + 2,4-D 5 mg L-1 + NAA 5 mg L-1+ Vit B5, and Yellow Biloxi gave the highest number of proliferated somatic embryos compared to other genotypes. Increasing number of globular somatic embryo of all genotypes was obtained from the optimation of somatic embryo induction media being used, and Tanggamus genotype gave the highest number of globular somatic embryo which followed by Yellow Biloxi genotype. Tanggamus and Yellow Biloxi genotypes were also successfully formed the four steps of somatic embryos (globular, heart, torpedo, and cotyledonary stages), but in regeneration medium of MS0 and media MS + sukrosa 10 g L-1 + GA3 2 mg L-1 + BAP 4 mg L-1 + Vit B5 only Tanggamus genotype was regenerated into plantlet. Keywords: 2,4-D, NAA, somatic embryos, induction, proliferatio
Pewarisan Karakter Kualitatif Cabai Hias Hasil Persilangan Cabai Besar dan Cabai Rawit
Get PDFABSTRACTThe fruit of ornamental chili functioned as ornamental as well as for consumption, and therefore it requires diversity of traits for selection process. Information on inheritance pattern of the traits are needed for effective selection. The ideotype of ornamental chili are shortened internode that form a bouquet of flowers, erect fruit orientation and contain anthocyanins for attractive appearance. The research was aimed to study qualitative characters inheritance associated with shortened internode, fruit orientation and anthocyanins content. This study used 6 population including female parent (P1) which has anthocyanin in flower parts, the male parent (P2) bird pepper which has the character of a shortened internode, F1, F1R, BCP1, BCP2, and F2. Data were analyzed with Chi-square test to determine the Mendelian ratio in the F2 population. The results showed that there were characters that was controlled by one gene or two genes. Shortened internode and erect fruit orientation were controlled by a single recessive gene with a ratio of 1:3. On the other hand the color of anthocyanin in the anther stem was controlled by one dominant gene with a ratio of 3:1. The characters controlled by two genes that were dominant and recessive epistasis was the color of anthocyanins in the anther with the ratio 13:3.Keywords: Mendelian ratio, antosianin, shortened internod
Peramalan Produksi Kelapa Sawit menggunakan Peubah Agroekologi di Kalimantan Selatan
Get PDFEstimation on oil palm production is important for company planning. However, there are only few studies have been conducted in Kalimantan. The objective of the study was to identify agronomic and agroecological factors determined production of oil palm in Kalimantan. The study was conducted at PT Ladangrumpun Suburabadi, Minamas Plantation Angsana Estate, Tanah Bumbu District, South Kalimantan, Indonesia from February 15 to June 15, 2010. Data were collected from the company, government institutions and interviews with the company staffs. Results showed that seven parameters signifi cantly determined estimation of oil palm production. Out of 18 possible linier models, 6 models showed good fi t as predictor. The best modeling as predictor was determined by current plant age (in months), fertilizer application at 18 months before harvest (MBH), relative air humidity at 6 MBH (%), light intensity at 18 MBH (%), rainfall at 6 MBH (mm), level of water defi cit at 24 MBH (mm) and number rainy day at 18 MBH (days). It was expressed in equation Y = 3.15 + 0.010 age -0.016 fertilizer -0.016 light intensity -0.005 water defi cit -0.015 number of rainy day. This fi nding implies that recording data of agronomic and ecological factors are important for production estimation. Eventhough the model is best fi t to the study site, however, it needs further verifi cation when applied in larger area of the other sites in Kalimantan. Keywords: agronomic factors, Elaeis guineensis, linier regression, modeling, production estimatio
Fertilizer Recommendation: Correlation and Calibration Study of Soil P Test for Yard Long Bean (Vigna unguilata L.) on Ultisols in Nanggung-Bogor
Get PDFYard long bean (Vigna unguilata L.) 777 was grown in Ultisols, which typically have low pH and high P-fixation, to determine the best correlation of soil extraction methods for soil P with yields, and to develop soil P response categories. The research was conducted at SANREM base camp in Hambaro Village, Nanggung, Bogor, Indonesia from April to August 2008. Treatments were arranged in a Split Plot Design with three replications. The main plots were treatments with soil P status of 0X, ¼X, ½X, ¾X and X, where is X = 1,590.5 kg SP-36 ha-1 (36% P2 O5 ) applied once a month before planting. The subplots were P application rate of 0, 75, 150, 225 and 300 kg P2 O5 ha-1. Yard long beans were planted in double rows per bed, 60 cm between rows and 25 cm within rows, 2 seeds per hole, with plot size of 1.5 m x 5 m. Coefficient correlation (r) of extraction reagents Olsen, Bray-1, HCl 25%, and Mechlich-1 were 0.772, 0.765, 0.755, and 0.732, respectively. Based on Olsen soil testing methods, soil response categories of very low, low, medium, and high were (ppm P2 O5 ) ≤ 18.40, 18.40 < P < 117.27, 117.27 < P < 267.04, and ≥ 267.04 extracted-P, respectively. Based on Bray-1 soil testing methods, soil response categories for low, medium, and high were ≤ 87.81, 87.81 < P < 233.78, and ≥ 233.78 extracted-P (ppm P2 O5 ), respectively. Fertilizer recommendation based on the Olsen soil test for low response category was 185.75 kg P2 O5 ha-1, and for the medium soil category was 175.97 kg P2 O5 ha-1. The Bray-1 soil test for the low response category was 184.31 kg P2 O5 ha-1 , and for the medium soil category was 161.39 kg P2 O5 ha-1 . Keywords: calibration, fertilizer recommendation, phosphorus, yard long bea
Seleksi dan Kemajuan Seleksi Karakter Komponen Hasil pada Persilangan Cabai Keriting dan Cabai Besar
Get PDFSelection is very important activity in plant breeding program. The purpose of this study was to obtain genetic information, heritability and expected genetic advance, and to compare the genetic advance expectations with the selection advance. The research was conducted from September 2013 to November 2015 at Research Station of Leuwikopo, Dramaga, Bogor. Distribution of F2 population data in this study was broader than that of F3 populations. Broad sense heritability estimated by F3 populations showed in agreement to that estimated by F2 population. Character of fruit weight, fruit length, pedicel length and yield had positive value of selection advance appropriate to the genetic advance expectations in F2 populations. The value of heritability estimate and genetic advance were high indicating that the phenotypic variances were controlled by action of additive genes.Keywords: genetic advance, heritability, selection advanc
Keragaman Genetik Kacang Bogor (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc.) Berdasarkan Marka SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat)
Get PDFABSTRACTBambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc.) is an important underutilized legume crop in Indonesia. The aim of this research is to study genetic diversity of bambara groundnut from Sukabumi and Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia. This study used 107 bambara groundnut accessions, which consisted of 57 accessions from Sukabumi and 50 accessions from Sumedang. We use five simple sequence repeat (SSR) to analyze the accessions. Totally nine alleles were detected, with a mean of 1.8 alleles per locus. Allelic and gene diversities were higher in Sumedang (1.8 alleles per locus and 0.119) than in Sukabumi population (1.4 alleles per locus and 0.020), respectively. We constructed a phylogenic tree by Neighbor-Joining analysis based on genetic distances (DA) and showed the tree divided bambara groundnut accessions into two broad groups according to the origin of samples (Sukabumi and Sumedang). Results from the phylogenic tree are in line with those from the population structure analysis. Keywords: allele diversity, bambara groundnut, genetic distance, under utilized legum
Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Gen Pto Asal 20 Aksesi Anggrek Phalaenopsis
Get PDFBacterial soft rot disease because of Dickeya sp. infection is the main problem in Phalaenopsis production in Indonesia, but the percentage of infected plants has never been recorded in detail. Isolation and characterization of Pto gene from Phalaenopsis could be useful to support breeding for resistance Phalaenopsis. Encoding serine-threonine kinase, Pto gene confers resistance to bacterial infection of Pseudomonas syringae in tomato. The objectives of this study were to isolate, sequence and characterize fragment of Pto gene from 20 genotypes of Phalaenopsis (16 species and 4 hybrids) and to evaluate their molecular diversity. Genomic fragments of Phalaenopsis were amplified using Pto specific degenerate primers; and the PCR amplicons were sequenced. Searching the identity of determined sequences was done using BLAST against all accessions in NCBI GenBank DNA database and in Conserve Domain Database. PCR amplification using Pto specific primers produced a single DNA fragment of ~500 bp. The determined nucleotide sequences from the amplicon were ~449 bp. The nucleotide sequences of the amplicons from 20 Phalaenopsis genotypes showed high sequence identity to Pto from Musa acuminata. Translation of the amplicon results in ~149 amino acid residues. Comparison of the translated polypeptides identify indicated there were low variations of Pto gene among accessions since they contain the PTO catalytic domain and the Serine/Threonine kinases, sub family of Interleukin-1 Receptor Associated Kinase (STK_IRAK) which are the conserved domains for PTO.Keywords: catalytic domain, disease resistance, fragment Pto gene, phylogenetic, RG
Morfofisiologi Ratun Padi Sistem Tanam Benih Langsung di Lahan Pasang Surut
Get PDFABSTRACTThe morphophysiology of ratoon is different from the main plant of rice and was influenced by location and cultivation.This research was intended to evaluate morphophysiology characters of rice ratoon planted by direct seeding system in tidal swamp at various stubble cutting height. The experiment was conducted in November 2013-April 2014 at tidal swamp overflow type B in Telang Sari Village, District of Tanjung Lago, Banyuasin, South Sumatra Province. The experiment used randomized block design with 5 replications. Treatment was stubble cutting height 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 cm above the soil surface. Rice was planted at 4 m x 5 m plot, the distance between plot 1 m. Data were analyzed by test of variance and 5% HSD test. Morphophysiological characters of rice ratoon were influenced by stubble cutting height. Cutting height of 20-40 cm above soil surface increased the ratoon number of tillers per hill, leaf area per hill, dry weight per hill, percentage of empty grains per panicle, grain weight per hill and percentage ratoon/main crop production per hill. The higher stubble cutting, the lower the number of leaves per tiller, leaf area per tiller, carbohydrate content, and number of grains per panicle of ratoon, however it accelerated age of flowering and harvesting. Keywords: direct seeding system, ratoon system, rice growth and production, stubble cutting heigh
Pengaruh Aplikasi Limbah Cair Pabrik Kelapa Sawit terhadap Hasil Kedelai dan Perubahan Sifat Kimia Tanah Ultisol
Get PDFThe aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of palm oil mill effl uent (POME) and its residue on yield of soybean (Glycine max L.) and soil chemical properties. Field experiment was done on Ultisol soil in Brasau Village, Tungkal Ulu, Tanjung Jabung Barat District from March to November 2009. In the experiment, soybean was planted twice. At fi rst planting, the treatments were without POME as control with application of 50 kg urea ha-1, 150 kg SP-36 ha-1, 100 kg KCl ha-1, 5 ton manure ha-1 and 2 ton dolomite ha-1, and POME application consisting of 50,000 L ha-1, 100,000 L ha-1, 150,000 L ha-1 , 50,000 L ha-1 + 150 kg SP-36 ha-1, 100,000 L ha-1 + 150 kg SP-36 ha-1, 150,000 L ha-1 + 150 kg SP-36 ha-1. Treatments were replicated four times and arranged in a randomized block design. At second planting, plots were treated with half of fi rst planting doses of POME. The results showed that the content of N, P, and K of plant tissue and dry weight of soybean seed were increased with increasing dose of POME. The highest yield of soybean at fi rst planting was 2.15 ton ha-1, and achieved with the application of 150,000 L POME ha-1 + 150 kg SP-36 ha-1 , while at second planting the highest dry weight of soybean seed was 2.01 ton ha-1 by residue of 150,000 L POME ha-1 and 150 kg SP-36 ha-1+ application of 75,000 L POME ha-1. Moreover, improvement of soil chemical properties were showed by increasing organic C, cation exchange capacity, total N, total P, available P, and exchangeable K and decreasing exchangeable Al. Keywords: POME, residue, Ultisol, Glycine max (L