Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy)
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Diallel Analysis of Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) Resistance to Phytophthora capsici Leonian
Get PDFTo accomplish the study of genetic parameters of chili resistance to P. capsici, thirty cross combinations from six parents’ crosses were made by full diallel method. The resistance was assessed based on the incidence of disease, following the inoculation of 28 days-old plant of chili. Inoculation was done by dropping 5 mL of inoculum (105 zoospore mL-1) at the base part of each plant. There was non-allelic interaction and overdominance effect. Chili resistance to P. capsici controlled by one positive gene. The parents contained more dominant gene, with dominance order were IPB-C4, IPB-C10, IPB-C15, IPB-C9, IPB-C8, and IPB-C2. The prediction of the possible limits of selection if homozygote genes assemble on one individual was 0.676-0.691. Broad-sense and narrow-sense heritability values for the traits were high. Keywords: chili, diallel analysis, genetic parameter, Phytophthora capsic
Application of 1-MCP to Intact Tomatoes Differing in Maturity Delays Quality Changes in the Stored Slices
Get PDFA study was carried out to determine the effect of 1-MCP applied to intact tomatoes differing in maturity stage onquality of stored tomato slices. 1-MCP (1 μL L-1, 20 °C, 12 h) was applied directly to intact tomatoes from ‘turning’, ‘pink’,and ‘light-red’ stages of maturity. After slicing, slices were stored for up to 10 days at 5 ºC. 1-MCP maintained slice qualityduring storage following treatment of intact ‘turning’ and ‘pink’ maturity fruit as indicated by higher titratable acidity, higherascorbic acid concentration, and lower lycopene content.1-MCP treatment did not signifi cantly affect soluble solids andelectrolyte leakage. Slices from ‘light-red’ maturity stage fruit did not respond to 1-MCP. The results show that applicationof 1-MCP to intact tomatoes was effective in maintaining tomato slice quality if 1-MCP is applied to fruit at early (‘turning’and ‘pink’) stages of maturity.Keywords: 1-methylcyclopropene, soluble solids, acidity, ascorbic acid, lycopene, electrolyte leakag
Evaluasi Daya Gabung dan Heterosis Lima Galur Jagung Manis (Zea mays var. saccharata) Hasil Persilangan Dialel
Get PDFThe objective of this research was to estimate general combining ability (GCA), specifi c combining ability (SCA),and heterosis of fi ve sweet corn inbreds in order to be selected to develop hybrid varieties. Five inbred lines as parent wereMr12/SC/BC4-6-1B-1, Mr14/SC/BC4-6-1B-1, Mr4/SC/BC4-2-1B-1, Mr11/SC/BC4-2-1B-1, and Mr12/SC/BC3-3-1B-1. Theexperiment was conducted from April to June 2010 using a Randomized Complete Block Design with two replications atIndonesian Cereal Research Institute (ICERI) experimental station, Maros, South Sulawesi. Analyses of GCA and SCA werebased on the Griffi ng’s fixed model of Diallel Design Method I. Heterosis values were predicted based on the average valuesof their parents whereas heterobeltiosis were predicted based on the average values of the highest parents. Cross B x D(Mr14/SC/BC4-6-1B-1 x Mr11/SC/BC4-2-1B-1) had the highest SCA for yield 990.67. Cross A x B (Mr12/SC/BC4-6-1B-1 xMr14/SC/BC4-6-1B-1) had the highest SCA for ear diameter 0.36. Cross A x D (Mr12/SC/BC4-6-1B-1 x Mr11/SC/BC4-2-1B-1) had the highest heterosis and heterobeltiosis for yield, while Cross A x D (Mr12/SC/BC4-6-1B-1 x Mr11/SC/BC4-2-1B-1)had the highest heterosis and heterobeltiosis for ear length. Cross A x B (Mr12/SC/BC4-6-1B-1 x Mr14/SC/BC4-6-1B-1) andE x A (Mr12/SC/BC3-3-1B-1 xMr12/SC/BC4-6-1B-1) had the highest heterosis and heterobeltiosis for ear diameter.Keywords: combining ability, diallel crossing, heterosis, sweet cor
Radiosensitivitas Pisang cv. Ampyang dan Potensi Penggunaan Iradiasi Gamma untuk Induksi Varian
Get PDFBanana is commonly propagated vegetatively by suckers since most of edible banana are triploid, male sterile andparthenocarpic, use of conventional breeding for banana improvement is diffi cult. Mutation induction and in vitro techniqueare alternative tools for banana improvement. The objectives of this research were (1) to determine radiosensitivity of bananacv. Ampyang against gamma irradiation, and (2) to evaluate performance of plantlets regenerated from gamma irradiatedexplants of banana cv. Ampyang. Explants of in vitro grown shoots were exposed to gamma irradiation at 0, 20, 25, 30, 35,40, 45, and 50 Gy to determine their radiosensitivity. Growth and development of regenerated plantlets were recorded after10 months of proliferation and regeneration periods. The CurveExpert ver. 1.4 analysis results indicated that lethal doses ofirradiation reducing 20% to 50% of shoot growth (LD20-50) were 51.07 - 64.54 Gy. All regenerated plantlets from irradiatedexplants produced less numbers of roots, and some of regenerated plantlets, showed signifi cantly less plantlet fresh weightand height than the control one. Plantlets regenerated from explants irradiated with 25, 40, 50 Gy have longer leaves than thecontrol. The regenerated plantlets from gamma irradiation treatments were successfully transferred into soil and they wouldbe used to evaluate existence of variants among regenerated banana plantlets.Keywords: induced mutation, gamma irradiation, lethal dose (LD20-50
Pengaruh Pemangkasan Batang dan Cabang Primer terhadap Laju Fotosintesis dan Produksi Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L.)
Get PDFThis research was aimed to study the effect of stem and primary branch prunning on photosynthetic rate and production of physic nut. The experiment was conducted in IPB experimental station in Cikabayan, Darmaga, Bogor, from February 2007 until May 2008. A randomized block design with one factor was used in the experiment. The treatments were combination between stem pruning with various height from the soil surface and pruning of primary branches with various number of branch remained. Stem pruning on 40 cm above the soil surface with no branch pruning resulted in the highest photosynthetic rate (8.10 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1), while stem pruning on 20 cm above the soil surface with 2 primary branches remained resulted in the lowest photosynthetic rate (4.71 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1). Stem pruning on 40 cm above the soil surface without branch pruning produced the highest yield components, i.e., capsul number (207.3 capsul plant-1), seed number (506 seeds plant-1) and seed dry weight (323.81 g plant-1). Keywords: photosynthetic rate, production, stem prunnin
Pemilihan Karakter Agronomi untuk Seleksi pada Galur-galur Padi Dihaploid Hasil Kultur Antera
Get PDFAnther culture technique is able to accelerate plant breeding activities. The objectives of this research was to determine the agronomic traits that could be used for selection of the dihaploid rice line population through the calculation of heritability, genotypic correlation, path analysis and selecting dihaploid rice lines. The plant material used was 65 dihaploid rice lines DH 1 of F1 anther culture plants and Ciherang and Inpari 13 as check varieties. Agronomic characters that could be used as selection character are generative plant height, number of filled grain per panicle, the total number of grains per panicle, weight of 1,000 grains, and grain per hill. Twenty three dihaploid lines were selected based good agronomic characters with criteria generative plant height between 80-120 cm, number of filled grains per panicle > 100, number of grains per panicle > 120, weight of 1,000 grains > 20 g, and grain per hill > 25 g.Keywords: anther culture, heritability, agronomic character
Penurunan Viabilitas Benih Padi (Oryza sativa L.) melalui Beberapa Metode Pengusangan Cepat
Get PDFAvailability of seed lots with different viabilities is very important as the material for invigoration studies. Acceleratedor rapid aging methods is expected to serve seeds with different viabilities for those studies. The objective of this study was toobtain efficient seeds rapid aging method of rice seeds. The study consisted of three experiments i.e. rapid aging with ethanolgas, soaking seed in liquid ethanol (96%) and exposing seeds to 41 oC temperature and ± 100% relative humidity. Eachexperiment was arranged in a randomized block design with single factor that was length of aging with three replications.There were eight rice varieties used in this study, i. e. three varieties of upland rice, two verieties of lowland rice, and threevarieties of swamp rice. The results showed that the physical aging method could not produce reliable data due to fungusinfection on the treated seed. It was found that generally 60% and 50% viabilities of rice seed could be obtain by ethanol gastreatment for 4.9 and 5.3 hours, as well as by liquid ethanol for 4.0 and 4.4 minutes, respectively. Rapid aging method withliquid ethanol was the fastest and simplest method for decreasing seed viability of rice.Keywords: Ethanol, rapid aging, invigoration, seed viabilit
Tingkat Produksi Ratun berdasarkan Tinggi Pemotongan Batang Padi Sawah Saat Panen
Get PDFThe objectives of the study was to determine the effect of cutting height of main crop on the yield of rice ratoon, and toselect genotypes with high productivity on tidal swamp land. The method used was a factorial randomized block design withthree replications. The first factor was cutting height of 10 cm, 20 cm and 30 cm from soil surface. The second factor was fivegenotypes selected from previous study, namely Cimelati, Hipa-5, Rokan, IPB106-7-47-DJ-1 and IPB106-F-8-1. The resultsshowed that combination of genotypes and cutting height affected ratoon yield. Cutting height of 20 cm increased the numberof filled grain in almost all genotypes, increased growth rate of ratoon to 1.5 cm day-1 and increased growth uniformity ofratoon of Cimelati, Hipa-5 and Rokan geontypes, with production 3.0 ton ha-1, 2.8 ton ha-1 and 2.2 ton ha-1, equal with 57.2%,60.1%, 52.7%, of the main crop respectively. Cutting height of 10 cm above soil surface showed the best results for IPB106-7-47-DJ-1 and IPB106-F-8-1 genotypes, with the highest yield of ratoon 2.1 ton ha-1 and 1.5 ton ha-1, equal with 45.8% and35.4% of the main crop respectively.Keywords: cutting height, ratoon, yiel
Perbanyakan Tunas Mikro pada Beberapa Umur Simpan Umbi dan Pembentukan Umbi Mikro Bawang Merah pada Dua Suhu Ruang Kultur
Get PDFShallot bulb generally stored for several month before planted in the fi eld. Since explant age is one of important factors in tissue culture development, storage period of shallot bulb might alter the explant growth in vitro. Shoots of shallot formed in the in vitro culture should form bulbs before can be use as seedling, and temperature may affect micro bulb induction. Two experiments had been conducted to evaluate 1) the effect of storage period in the fi eld on the growth of shallot explant in vitro and 2) the effect of culture room temperature in microbulbs induction of shallot. In the fi rst experiment, shallot bulb had been stored for 1, 2, 3 and 4 months before used as explants. Storage period signifi cantly infl uenced the explant growth in vitro. Bulb with 2 months storage gave the best performance on number of micro shoot, number of leaves and roots, and less of vitrifi cation. Micro shoots on three weeks after planting (WAP) was feasible to use as propagule for shallot micro bulb induction. In the second experiment, shoots from propagation medium was transplanted to bulb induction medium and grown in growth chamber with different temperatures (day/night) 20/17 oC and 30/27 oC, respectively. Micro bulb induction was infl uenced by temperature. Lower temperature showed good results for number of leaves, length of leaves, number of roots, and length of roots. However, temperature of 30/27 oC gave the best result on number of micro bulb, diameter of bulb and bulb width:bulb disk diameter ratio. Keywords: Allium, explants age, micro bulb, temperature, 2i
Pewarisan Sifat Karakter Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif pada Hipokotil dan Kotiledon Cabai (Capsicum annuum L.)
No full textCharacters on hypocotyl dan cotyledon are very potential used for effective and efficient morphology marker for some crop plants. However, the information about the inheritance of qualitative and quantitative characters on hypocotyl and cotyledon of chili pepper was not available. The aim of this research was to determine the inheritance of qualitative and quantitative characters on hypocotyl and cotyledon of chili pepper. This research used purple chili pepper (P1 (IPB C20)), green chili pepper (P2 (IPB C2)), F1, F1R, BCP1, BCP2, and F2 populations. Analysis for qualitative characters used mendelian genetics analysis, whereas model genetic prediction for quantitative characters used join scaling test analysis. The result showed that hypocotyl and cotyledon color of chili pepper controlled by single gene. The gene controlling purple color was dominant than the gene controlling green color on hypocotyl, whereas the gene controlling green color was dominant than the gene controlling purple color on cotyledon. The additive-dominant genetic model with influence of additive-additive and additive-dominant interaction was suitable for hypocotyl length. The additive-dominant genetic model with influence of additive-dominant and dominant-dominant interaction was suitable for hypocotyls diameter. The additive-dominant genetic model with influence of additive-additive and dominant-dominant interaction was suitable for cotyledon width and cotyledon length. Keywords: genetic model, morfology marker, natural cross-pollinatio