Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy)
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Pertumbuhan, Produksi dan Efi siensi Pemanfaatan Lahan dalam Sistem Tumpangsari Jagung dan Kacang Hijau dengan Interval Penyiraman Berbeda
Get PDFWater availability is a limiting factor to develop farming systems in the arid region, therefore more attention is given in the effort to increase water use true intercropping system. The research aim was to increase the productivity and land use effi ciency. Research was conducted at fi eld station of Agriculture Faculty, Haluoleo University. The experimental was arranged in completely randomized block design with two factors and three replications. The fi rst factor was watering interval, i.e. once every 2, 4 and 6 days. Second factor is planting time of mungbean, i.e. 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after planting (DAP) maize. The result showed that total yield of maize is 5.67 ton ha-1 in intercropping system occurred at delayed planting of mungbean, i.e. at 14 DAP maize, and watering interval every 4 days. Our result showed that intercropping system could improve yield up to 39.68% compared to monoculture planting system of maize and mungbean. Leaf area index, long ear and number of grain per ear of maize have correlation with yield. Number of pod per hill of mungbean has correlation to weight of 1,000 grain and dry pod yield. Percentage of pod emptiness has negative correlation to weight of 1,000 grain and dry pods yield. Keywords: intercropping, LER, maize, mungbean, water availabilit
Keragaan Karakter Morfologi dan Agronomi Galur-Galur Sorgum pada Dua Lingkungan Berbeda
Get PDFABSTRACTThe phenotype is a result of expression from genetic, environment, and their interaction. Genetic X environment interaction information is important for plant breeders to determine stable genotypes in various environments or stable genotypes in specific environments. The objective of this study was to evaluate morphological and agronomical traits and genetic X environment interaction of IPB sorghum breeding lines. The characterization was conducted at IPB experimental Field, based International Union for The Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV), used 16 IPB sorghum breeding lines and six national varieties. Evaluation of genetic Х environment interaction was conducted in Gowa South Sulawesi and Bogor West Java. This experiment used 16 sorghum lines and two national varieties. The results showed that breeding lines exhibited variation in morphological traits, have medium plant height, small diameter, short panicle length, and medium 1,000 grain weight. There was qualitative genetic X environment interaction on panicle length, days to flowering, 1,000 grain weight, grain filling rate, grain yield, and productivity. UP/N-124-7, UP/N-89-3, UP/N-151-3, UP/N-32-8, UP/N-17-10, UP/N-4-3, UP/N-118-3, and UP/N-118-7 were well adapted in dry soil with dry climate. UP/N-48-2, UP/N-32-8, UP/N-17-10, UP/N-156-8, UP/N-118-3, and UP/N-139-1 were well adapted in dry soil with wet climate.Keywords: characterization, IPB sorgum breeding lines, qualitative genetic X environment interactio
Performance, Heritability and Genetic Advance for Oil Yield and some Economical Characters in Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacquin) of Cameroon
Get PDFKnowledge of the magnitude of genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance in the selection of desirable characters could assist the plant breeders in ascertaining criteria to be used in the breeding programmes. Twenty three introgressed oil palm progenies were evaluated at the Specialized Centre for Oil Palm Research of Cameroon, from 2004 to 2014 to estimate performance, genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance of oil yield and some economic traits in terms to select new oil palm parent materials with the traits of interest. The results revealed high variability among oil palm population for all the characters. Moderate estimates of the phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variations associated with high heritability and moderate genetic advance as percent of mean were obtained for characters of fresh fruit bunch, bunch number, oil yield, kernel to bunch, kernel to fruit, kernel yield and height increment. The results suggest the effectiveness of selection method for these traits and their improvement through their phenotypic performance. LM11087T x LM2749D and LM12960T x LM7409D were obtained as superior oil palm crossing parents with the potential production of 6.26 ton ha-1yr-1 of crude palm oil; they can be exploited in seed production and further breeding program.Keywords: genetic advance, heritability, introgressed progenies, oil yield, Phenotypi
Genetic variations of Amorphophallus variabilis Blume (Araceae) in Java using AFLP
Get PDFAmorphophallus variabilis Blume, a member of Araceae, is a native tuber crop in Java, Madura and Kangean Islands,Indonesia. The plant showed high variations in morphology. However, genetic variations at molecular level have not beenwell studied. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) was carried out using 8 primers combination of EcoRI andMseI on 78 accessions collected from 28 sites in Java, Indonesia. Results showed that AFLP markers able to generatepolymorphism among accessions. A total of 220 polymorphisms were found. The differences among accessions at the geneticlevel were high, and 5 clusters were constructed. Grouping was independent of geographical origin, similar to clustering ofmorphological characteristic of flowers as in the previous report. Accessions from one site composed of one to four differentcluster groups, showed that variation in single site was observed. Regarding conservation program of the A. variabilis innatural population, it is reasonable to protect one bigger site rather than many small sites, but it should be recommended tomaintain conservation areas in several districts. Further study on population structure should be carried out to explain suchvariability
Protein and Anthocyanin Production of Waterleaf Shoots (Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd) at Different Levels of Nitrogen+Potassium and Harvest Intervals
Get PDFThe experiment was conducted at IPB Experimental Station, Leuwikopo, Dramaga, Bogor, from November 2009 untilFebruary 2010 to study the effect of different nitrogen+potassium rates and harvest intervals on protein and anthocyaninproduction of waterleaf shoot (Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd). A randomized complete block design was used with threereplications of two factors, which were four N+K dosages (50 kg urea + 50 kg ha-1 KCl, 50 kg urea + 100 kg ha-1 KCl, 100 kgurea + 50 kg ha-1 KCl, 100 kg urea + 100 kg ha-1 KCl) and three harvest intervals (30, 15, and 10 days). The results showedthat interaction of 100 kg urea + 100 kg ha-1 KCl and 15-day harvest interval produced the highest content (8.29 mg g-1 freshweight) and production (4.72 g plant-1) of protein. The interaction of N+K dosages and harvest intervals were not signifi cantin affecting the anthocyanin content. The highest production of anthocyanin was produced by single treatment of 100 kg urea+ 100 kg ha-1 KCl (152.23 μmol plant-1) and 10 days harvest interval (165.47 μmol plant-1), respectively. Leaf protein levelsnegatively correlated with anthocyanin content.Keywords: anthocyanin, fertilizer, harvest interval, protein, Talinum triangular
Pola Peningkatan Hasil Tanaman Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) Ekotipe Lombok Barat selama Empat Tahun Siklus Produksi
Get PDFThe aim of this experiment was to evaluate the pattern of yield improvement of Jatropha curcas L. of West Lombokecotype at dry land of North Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara during four years production cycle. The experiment was conductedin randomized complete block design (RCBD) using three types of propagules (i.e., stem cutting, seed, and seed followed bypruning after transplanting) and three replications from November 2006 to November 2010. The results showed that yieldwas increased as plant age increased. Plants cultivated during rainy season had higher yield compared to those cultivatedduring dry season. However, the oil content of nuts was slightly higher when harvested in dry season than in rainy season.Yield was also affected by plant material used. In the fi rst year, plants propagated by stem cutting had the highest yield. Inthe second, third, and fourth year, plants propagated from seed followed by pruning produced the highest nut dry weight.During four years production cycle, yearly yield improvement was about 2-3 times than the previous year and did not followthe geometrical progression based on dichotomy branching pattern of Jatropha.Keywords: dry land, productivity, pruning, seed oil content, type of propagul
Daya Gabung dan Heterosis Galur Jagung (Zea mays L.) pada Karakter Hasil dan Komponen Hasil
Get PDFCorn productivity can be improved using hybrid varieties. Evaluation of inbreds and hybrids were required to obtain information of general combining ability and specific combining ability. The objective of this research was to find out inbred combining ability and hybrids heterosis from crosses of 10 inbreds (5 inbreds from PT. Agri Makmur Pertiwi and 5 introduced inbreds) based on yield and yield components character. Diallel mating design using method 2 model 1 of Griffing model and the testing were conducted from January to August 2012. The tests using a randomized block design with three replications. PWM-1 (PT. Agri Makmur Pertiwi group) and PWI-5 (introduced group) have GCA better than other inbreds on grain yield, ear length, ear diameter, number of seed rows, shelling percentage and 1,000 seeds weight. Hybrids PWM-5 x PWM-1, PWI-5 x PWM-1 and PWI-5 x PWM-5 have a positive SCA values and also inbred parent have a positive GCA value. Intercrosses of introduced group had the high heterosis for all characters. PWI-4 x PWI-2 had highest SCA and heterobeltiosis for ear diameter and 1,000 seeds weight, and for number of seed rows was PWI-5 x PWI-2.Keywords: diallel cross, heterobeltiosi
Kultur Antera untuk Mendapatkan Galur Padi Toleran Salinitas
Get PDFABSTRACTHaploid breeding through anther culture allows shortening of the breeding cycle and production of homozygous lines from a segregating population in the immediate generation. This technique has been used for crop improvement especially in rice. The objective of this research was to determine regeneration ability of twelve F1s, derived from reciprocal crossing between high yielding rice variety and rice tolerance to salinity, through anther culture. Completely randomized design with 20 replications was used in this research. Medium for callus induction was based on N6 medium + 2.0 mg NAA L-1 + 0.5 mg kinetin L-1 + 1 mM putrescine, while regeneration medium was based on MS + 0.5 mg NAA L-1 + 2.0 mg kinetin L-1 + 1 mM putrescine. Rooting were done in MS medium + 0.5 mg IBA L-1 + 1 mM putrescine. The result indicated that F1 derived from IR77674/Inpari 29 (3.1% green plants/total anther) was the most responsive genotypes in rice anther culture (high anther culture ability). After greenhouse grow out 125 putative double haploid plants were obtained (41.5% from total acclimated green plantlets). Keywords: double haploid, green planlets, indica rice, salt toleranc
Keragaan Agronomi dan Potensi Hasil Genotipe Jagung (Zea mays L.) Generasi S1 dan S2 di Dua Lokasi
Get PDFHybrid maize breeding relies on the availability of good performing inbred lines with superior combining ability. The objectives of this study were to: (1) estimate genetic paramters and heritability for agronomic and yield traits, (2) estimate correlations among traits, and (3) estimate selection-balanced inbreeding depression level from S1 to S2 generations. The S1 trial was planted from June to September 2014 at two locations, followed by the S2 trial from January to May 2015 at the same locations. Each trials was arranged in an augmented design with three blocks consisting of 72 unreplicated test genotypes, 3 unreplicated inbred lines, and 5 replicated commercial hybrid varieties as checks. The results showed that the heritability estimates were medium to high for most observed traits. Best yielding genotypes in S1 and S2 generations were derived from P27xNK6326, Pertiwi3xP31, NK6326xP31, P31xNK6326, and P31xNK33 populations. Grain yield was positively correlated with plant height, ear height, ear length, and ear diameter in S1 and S2 generations. The S2 generation exhibited inbreeding depression for grain yield. The estimates of heritability, correlations, and inbreeding depression obtained from this study could be useful for selection in corn breeding programs.Keywords: correlation, heritability, inbreeding depressio
Peran Serangga sebagai Vektor Penyakit Karat Puru pada Sengon (Albizia falcataria L. Fosberg)
Get PDFSengon (Albizia falcataria L. Fosberg) forest plantations of community in Wonosobo District, Central Java wereattacked by gall rust disease. The objective of this research was to investigate the role of insects as a vector of gall rustdisease. The attack intensity was measured in the different ages of tree stand (1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 year old) with randomizedcomplete block design (RCBD) consisting of 3 blocks, 3 replications, and 3 sampling plots. The role of insect as a vectorwas tested using two different approaches: observation on the spores in the adult insect integument and artificial investationof insect containing spores on the healthy seedlings. The result of this research showed that the one year old of sengon hadhighest disease intensity (95.5%) and lowest disease incidence (56.96%). The identification showed that the insect belongsto Lepidoptera (Family Heliozelidae) completing the metamorphosis in the gall. Spores were found in the integument ofLepidoptera (Family Heliozelidae) at the average of 2.8 x 104 spore μL-1 insect-1. Artificial innoculation on healthy seedlingdid not show the infection symptoms by Uromycladium tepperianum until 5 weeks after innoculation