Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy)
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Evaluasi Hasil dan Kandungan Pati Mutan Ubi Kayu Hasil Iradiasi Sinar Gamma Generasi M1V4
Get PDFCassava is one of the important starch producer crops. Although Indonesia ranks as the third largest cassava producer country, Indonesia still imports cassava starch to meet the domestic demand in food and non-food industries. Gamma ray irradiation has been implemented to generate cassava mutants in order to support development of superior cassava variety, especially high yield and high starch content, especially high yield and high starch content. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the yield potential and the starch content of gamma irradiated 40 putative cassava mutants at M1V4 generation. This research was arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications and conducted at Cikabayan Experimental Field, IPB, Bogor, from May 2016 to March 2017. The starch content was measured using gravimetric methods. The results showed that five mutants, G2142, G3151, G2141, G1143, and G3111, had higher tuber weight per plant (6-7 kg per plant) compared to the background ‘Gajah’ genotype (4.7 kg per plant). ‘G2112’ mutant genotype showed higher starch content (23.86%) compared to the background ‘Gajah’ genotype (17.65%). The specific gravity (SG) was positively correlated with starch content (r = 0.905), indicated that the higher the SG, the higher the starch content of cassava.Keywords: gravimetric, mutant, specific gravity (SG), yiel
Heritabilitas, Karakterisasi, dan Analisis Clustergram Galur-galur Padi Dihaploid Hasil Kultur Antera
Get PDFDoubled haploid rice formation through anther culture becomes one of the alternatives in the plant breeding. The lines need to be characterized, clustered, and selected. This study aimed at determining heritability, characters, and cluster of doubled haploid lines obtained from anther culture. This experiment was conducted at IPB Rice Field Experiment Station, Darmaga, Bogor from October 2016 until January 2017. The experiment was managed according to randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications and genotype as the single factor treatment. Genotypes used were 60 genotypes consisting of 56 doubled haploid lines and 4 control varieties. The controls were Ciherang, Inpara 5, Inpari 29, and Inpari 34 Salin Agritan. The results showed that all characters have significant effect and high heritability (above 60%), so they could be used as a selection character. The tested genotypes could be grouped into three main groups. The first group consisted of 11 genotypes, the second group consisted of 44 genotypes, and the third group consisted of 5 genotypes. The main group determinant characters were productive tillers, percentage of filled grain number, plant height, panicle length, and weight of 1,000 grains. The number of filled grain and productive tillers can be used as selection characters together with yield potential
Uji Ketahanan in Vitro Klon-klon Kentang Hasil Persilangan Kentang Kultivar Atlantic dan Granola terhadap Penyakit Layu Bakteri (Ralstonia solanacearum) dan Busuk Lunak (Erwinia carotovora)
Get PDFSeveral bacterial pathogens can cause diseases of potato. Ralstonia solanacearum and Erwinia carotovora are those of the world’s most important diseases of potato, especially in tropical climates. This experiment was aimed to obtain putative potato cultivars having good tolerance to bacterial wilt caused by R. solanacearum and soft rot caused by E. carotovora. Two adopted potato cultivars in Indonesia, cv. Atlantic (2n=4X=48) and cv. Granola (2n=4X=48), were used as parents. The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Complete Design. Test for tolerance was perfomed in vitro using BF15 as susceptible control and Solanum stenotonum as tolerance control. The result showed that there was high diversity of tolerance level to both R. solanacearum and E. carotovora. Some clones showed good tolerance level as compared to cv. Atlantic and cv. Granola, but none showed that as compared to S. stenotonum
Hasil, Kualitas Fisik Polong dan Biji Beberapa Genotipe Kacang Tanah menurut Ragam Lengas Tanah pada Fase Generatif
Get PDFDrought stress during generative stage affected pod yield, yield components, seed and pod qualities of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The reseach was carried out to assess the effect of drought stress at various soil water availabilities during generative stage on pod yield, pod and seed physical qualities. The experiment was conducted at Muneng Experimental Farm, Probolinggo District during July-October 2012. Five genotypes were arranged in a RCB design, with 3 replicates. The replications were nested into four treatments of soil water availability (0-100, 0-85, 0-70,0-55 days after sowing/DAS). The pods were harvested at 102 days after sowing. The result showed that the shorter the water availability, the lower the leaf relative water content, pod and seed water contents, number of mature pods, seed size, and intact seeds weight. Pod yield reduced when water was available upto 55 DAS only. Turangga variety had the highest pod yield (1.626 ton ha-1) with low pod and seed physical qualities. GH-51 yielded in 1.076 ton ha-1 with superior pod and seed physical qualities. Despite of its lowest pod yield (0.964 ton ha-1), J-11 produced the same pod and seed physical qualities as GH 51 did. ICGV 86590 was superior on its pod yield (1.338 ton ha-1) with low pod and seed physical qualities. Kancil variety did not perform any superiority.Keywords: intact seeds, leaf relative water content, pod moisture content, seed moisture conten
Character, Xanthone Content and Antioxidant Properties of Mangosteen Fruit’s Hull (Garcinia mangostana L.) at Several Fruit Growth Stadia
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of mangosteen fruit’s hull, xanthone content, and antioxidant potential on various stadia of mangosteen fruit development. The experiment was conducted in September 2006 until July 2008 using randomized complete block design, with three replications at maturation stage i.e. 1, 2, 3, and 4 months after anthesis. The parameters being observed were fruit’s hull characters, xanthone content, and antioxidant capacity. The results of this study showed that fruit diameter and fruit weight increased until three months after anthesis and then did not change signifi cantly once they entered the process of maturity. Thickness of fruit’s hull differed signifi cantly among maturation stage. The thickness of fruit hull was observed at two months and the highest weight was at three months after anthesis. Xanthone content of mangosteen fruit’s hull at a month up to four months after anthesis did not differ signifi cantly however capacity of antioxidant differed signifi cantly among fruit ages, the IC50 values increased with the increase of fruit maturation. Keywords: Antioxidant, fruit growth, fruit’s hull, mangosteen, xanthon
Leaf, Anthocyanin, and Protein Production of Talinum triangulare Jacq. Willd with Various Rates of P Fertilizer
Get PDFThe effect of P fertilizer rates on growth and production parameters of waterleaf [Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd] were studied over two months (February-April 2010) in Bogor. Treatments of fi ve P-rates (0, 200, 400, 600, and 800 kg SP- 18 ha-1) were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Generally, the effect of P fertilization in waterleaf was mostly prominent at 8th week after planting (WAP). The increase of P rates increased leaf area, leaf fresh weight, edible part (shoot weight), and protein production; but decreased anthocyanin production. These results suggested that to produce high protein and anthocyanin, waterleaf must be fertilized with 400 kg SP-18 ha-1; and P fertilizer must be applied at least two weeks before planting. Keywords: inorganic fertilizer, phosphorus, portulacaceae, secondary metabolit
Perubahan Asam Lemak Selama Penyimpanan Benih Kedelai (Glycine max L. Merr) dan Hubungannya dengan Viabilitas Benih
Get PDFThis research was aimed to study fatty acid changes during soybean seed storage and to find method of soybean storage to maintain low free fatty acid content and high germination and vigor up to 6 months. The research was conducted at the Chemistry Laboratory of Mathematic and Natural Science Faculty, Pattimura University from May to December 2007. The experimental design used was factorial Experiment in Split- Split Plot Design, consisted of three factors, i.e. moisture content (8. 10 and 12%) as main plot, packaging materials (polyethylene, wheat and aluminium foil) as sub plot, storage period (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 months) as sub-sub plot. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and Duncan Multiple Range Test. Regression and correlation analysis were done to study the correlation between germination, vigor and free fatty acid. The results showed that fatty acid of soybean seed during storage at all levels of moisture content in wheat sack increased faster than that of other sacks. The free fatty acid content, germination and vigor of soybean seed stored in aluminium foil at all levels of moisture content slowly decreased within 6 months. Free fatty acid content had a significant negative correlation with germination and vigor. Keywords: soybean seed, fatty acid, storage, seed viabilit
Regenerasi Tanaman dari Kalus Tebu yang Diiradiasi Sinar Gamma pada Medium dengan PEG 6000
Get PDFABSTRACTSugarcane cultivars tolerant to drought stress are needed for specific location. In vitro selection can be used to obtain plants tolerant to drought stress through regeneration of callus in the culture medium. The purpose of this study was to obtain regenerants from irradiated callus on the stress medium. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with two factors. The first factor was the regeneration medium (RG) added with PEG 6000, i.e., 0%, 5%, 10% and 15%, while the second factor was the dose of gamma ray irradiation i.e. 0 krad, 5 and 10 krad, and 15 krad. There were 12 treatments, each treatment was repeated 18 times and each repetition was a culture bottles planted with three clums of callus 10 mm diameter. RG medium was the MS medium added with 0.5 mg L-1 BAP, Kinetin 0.1 mg L-1 and IBA 1.0 mg L-1. The higher the concentration of PEG, the less regenerants were produced. Regenerants could be generated from the selection medium PEG up to 15%. Several shoots still produced from callus irradiated with 10 krad. Selection medium with PEG up to 10% decreased the precentage of albino regenerants. The gamma ray irradiation dose and the concentration of PEG significanly affected the number of roots produced.Keywords: drought tolerant, in vitro, polyethylene glycol, plantlets, albin
Aplikasi Bakteri Probiotik Pseudomonas Kelompok Fluorescens untuk Meningkatkan Produksi dan Mutu Benih Cabai
Get PDFABSTRACTThe use of high quality seed is one of the key factors to improve productivity. Probiotic bacteria has been used to increase plant growth and to control pathogens. The objective of the research was to evaluate methods of chili seed production that yielded high physiological and pathological quality using probiotic fluorescent bacteria Pseudomonas (P24). The bacteria was expected to function as plant growth promoting bacteria as well as capable of controling seedborne pathogen Colletotrichum acutatum causes antrachnose. The experiment was conducted during March until October 2014 in Seed Health Laboratory, Plant Bacteriology Laboratory, and Leuwikopo experimental garden, IPB. The experiment was arranged in a split plot randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plots were untreated and inoculation of C. acutatum. The subplot was six treatments of fluorescent Pseudomonas (P24) application. The results showed that matriconditioning and spraying of fluorescent Pseudomonas (P24) on nursery decreased disease incidence significantly. Matriconditioning and spraying of fluorescent Pseudomonas (P24) on nursery and flowering phase increased number of healthy fruit and total weight of seeds per plant significantly. These applications also increased seed physiological quality indicated by germination percentage (GP) 77.04%, growth rate (GR) 9.72% etmal-1, vigor index (VI) 29.74%, and seed health by suppresed C. acutatum infection up to 12.25%.Keywords: anthracnose, Colletotrichum acutatum, control, matriconditioning, sprayin