Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy)
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Evaluasi Toleransi Genotipe Kacang Hijau terhadap Cekaman Salinitas
Get PDFSalinity has become a serious problem in the production of food crops in Indonesia, especially in coastal areas. Mungbeans is one of commodities which can be grown in coastal areas during the dry season. Research to evaluate tolerance of mungbean genotypes to salinity stress was conducted on saline soil (EC 11.4 dS m-1) at Lohgung Village, Brondong Sub District, Lamongan District during dry season May-July in 2016. A 100 of mungbean genotypes were evaluated using a randomized block design, replicated twice. The majority of the genotypes (82%) were categorized between sensitive to very sensitive to salinity stress. All of the genotypes grew normally to generative phase and produced 2-9 pods per plant with seed yield ranged 0.04-0.60 ton ha-1. The tolerant genotypes had higher plant height, stover weight, and yield than the sensitive genotypes. Six genotypes indicated as very tolerant to salinity stress (EC: 9.24 to 15.06 dS m-1) i.e., MLG 1065/Vima1-279, MMC 464c-gt-4-0-3, MMC 678-8c-gt-5, Vima 1/MLG 1065-286, MLG 1065/Vima1-276 and Vima1/Sampeong//Vima1-249. Seven genotypes indicated as tolerant to salinity stress i.e., Vima1/MLG1065-290, MLG1065/Vima1-272, MLG1065/Vima1-274, Vima1/MLG 1065-287, Vima1/MLG 1065-276, MMC 267c-mn-1-1-11, and VIMA 1/MLG 1065-288. These selected genotypes were potential to be developed into new mungbean variety tolerant to salinity.Keywords: electrical conductivity, growth, yield, selection, Vigna radiat
Efisiensi Penggunaan Radiasi Matahari dan Respon Tanaman Kedelai (Glycine max L.) terhadap Penggunaan Mulsa Reflektif
Get PDFOne of factors affecting the productivity of soybean crop is the availability of solar radiation. Reduction of solar radiation reaching soybean crop by cloud cover especially during rainy season or by shade of trees could potentially decrease soybean production. The availability of radiation for the crop can be increased through the use of reflective mulch to reflect back transmitted radiation to the crop canopy. This study aimed to determine the effect of shade and reflective mulch on crop solar radiation balance and crop productivity responses. A field experiment in Bogor, Indonesia in July 2016 to January 2017, was conducted, applying a Nested Design-two factors model with three replications. The first factor was two levels of shading, i.e., without and with 50% shade; and the second factor was three levels, i.e., without mulch, black silver mulch, and metallic mulch. The results showed that the use of mulch influenced the radiation balance of plants, increasing distribution of radiation reception in plants, solar radiation interception and RUE. The use of mulch caused changes in canopy structure by increase LAI, so that the inhibited radiation was higher. The reflected radiation from the mulch increased production per plants and weight of 1,000 seeds in shaded plants.Keywords: black silver mulch, metallic mulch, radiation balance, radiation interception, shadin
Produksi dan Kualitas Benih Kedelai dalam Sistem Produksi Bersih
Get PDFProduction of high quality seed is one of the key factors for soybean self-sufficiency. The study was aimed to produce high quality soybean seed from zero waste system. The trial was carried out at Sebapo Experimental Station, Jambi, Center for Agricultural Post Harvest Research and Development, and Center for Agricultural Land Resources Research and Development, The Ministry of Agriculture, Bogor, from January until October 2017. The experiment used a complete randomized design with a treatments combination both organic nutrient of composted soybean litter (5 tons ha-1) and inorganic nutrient (25 kg Nitrogen ha-1, 50 kg P2O5 ha-1, and 50 kg K2O ha-1). The treatments were designed as follow : K0 (control), K1 (100% organic), K2 (75% organic + 25% inorganic), K3 (50% organic + 50% inorganic), K4 (25% organic + 75% inorganic), and K5 (100% inorganic). The results showed that the treatment K3 produced the highest seed production (1.72 tons ha-1) and the highest 1,000 seed weight (147.71 g). After 3 months storage at room temperature, the seed with treatment K3 could maintain its quality with indicator 1,000 seed weight (140.98 g), 10.82% water content, 34.98% protein content, 57.42 μScm-1g-1 electrical conductivity, 80.98% germination percentage and 27.48% etmal-1 rate of germination speed.Keywords: Compost, litter, seed technolog
Keragaman Morfologi dan Kandungan Tanin pada Tanaman Leunca [Solanum nigrum (L.)]
Get PDFBlack nightshades [Solanum nigrum (L.)] is an indigenous vegetable originatied from tropical and subtropical regions. In Indonesia, black naightshades widely spread in Java, especially West Java. Black nightshades has a bitter taste caused by the content of tannins. The objective of this study was to identify and analyze the morphological and tannin content of 20 black nightshades accessions. The research was started with germplasm exploration in November 2015-February 2016, followed by planting and analysis until September 2016 at a laboratory of the Center for Tropical Horticultural Studies (PKHT) IPB. The experiment was arranged in a single-factor randomized complete block design with three replications. The results from cluster analysis based on morphological variability showed that the accessions of black nightshades can be grouped into two groups. The accessions had different fruit tannin contents, and some accessions can be selected for breeding material.Keywords: group analysis, indigenous vegetable, qualitative character, quantitative characte
Skrining Awal Toleransi Galur-galur Dihaploid Padi Gogo terhadap Cekaman Kekeringan pada Stadia Bibit
Get PDFDevelopment of doubled haploid lines of upland rice through anther culture is one way to obtain superior upland rice varieties tolerant to drought. The objectives of this research were to determine the response of doubled haploid lines to drought stress at seedling stage and to select tolerant doubled haploid lines. The research was conducted at a screenhouse of Muara Research Station, Indonesia Center of Rice Research (ICRR) from November to December 2017. Fourteen doubled haploid lines and 4 check varieties, namely Inpago 10 and Limboto, Salumpikit (drought tolerant check) and IR 20 (drought sensitive check) were used in this study. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The observations were conducted on leaf rolling, leaf drought, and recovery ability. Based on Friedman nonparametric analysis, HR-5-7-1-1 and HR-7-15-2-1 had moderate response with estimated median values for leaf rolling of 3.44 and 3.00, respectively. Three doubled haploid lines namely HR-2-27-2-7, HR-2-34-1-3 and HR-7-15-2-1 had moderate response to drought with estimated median value of leaf drought of 3.56. Nine lines of doubled haploid had tolerant response with estimated median value of recovery ability of 1.00-1.56. Based on weighted selection index, nine doubled haploid lines with positive and high selection index were identified; however, only two lines (HR-7-15-2-1 and B3-2) had selection index higher than Inpago 10 and Limboto.Keywords: drought tolerance, leaf rolling, recovery, weighted selection inde
Keragaman Vegetasi dan Identifikasi Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula (FMA) Pada Lahan Bekas Tambang
No full textRevegetation of former gold mining land is expected to restore soil fertility. One of the ways to use the gold-mined land as agricultural land is by utilizing the symbioses of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is expected to accelerate the revegetation process. The aim of the study was to analyze vegetation and AMF exploration in secondary forest land (SF) and former gold mining land (FGML) in the Mandor District . The research stages were conducting the plant identification and the exploration of AMF at the laboratory of Pests and Diseases of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tanjungpura. The research was conducted for ± 2 months starting from February to April 2018. The parameter of the observation was done by finding the summed dominance ratio (SDR) value, diversity index (DI), the density of spore (DS), relative frequency (RF), the identification of spore, and the analysis of plant root infection. The research finding showed that from the calculation of SDR, there were two dominant plants i.e. Paspalum conjugatum and Melastoma candidum. The calculation result of DI was categorized as ‘moderate’ in three locations of observation. The observation of DS in SF obtained the highest value of 750 spores/100 grams of soil. The total genus Glomus in SF and FGML > 10 years had a higher value than genus Acaulospora. In the three locations of observation, it had been obtained the genus Glomus and Acaulospora, while there was an infection at the observation of staining roots; it was characterized by the existence of arbuscular, vesicles, and external hyphae
Ketahanan Genotipe Kedelai Terhadap Hama Pengisap Polong, Riptortus linearis F. (Hemiptera: Coreidae)
Get PDFThe brown stink bug, Riptortus linearis, is the most dominant of soybean pod sucking pest in Indonesia. The objectivesof the study were to identify the resistance of soybean genotypes against brown stink bug and to determine the relationship ofagronomic characters with the intensity of pod and seed damages. Research was conducted at Balitkabi (Malang, Indonesia)from April to August 2018. Thirteen genotypes were assessed for their resistance to brown stink bug under choice and nochoicetests. A randomized block design was carry out with three replicates. The number of punctures on seed, seed and poddamages intensity on no-choice test was higher than those under choice test. Under choice test, the pod damage ranged from19.40-41.68% (average of 29.51%), and the seed damage ranged from 19.31-39.90% (average of 26.80%). Under no-choicetest, the pod damage ranged from 25.77-43.58% (average of 37.41%), and the seed damage ranged from 21.30-58.29%(average of 34.27%). The 11AB and 19BE showed consistently resistant based on pod and seed damage under the choicetest. Under no-choice-test, 19BE showed consistently resistant. The path analysis showed that an increase in the number ofseeds will possibility increase the number of punctures on the seed and then contribute to the increase of yield losses. The19BE which showed consistently resistant to brown stink bug was recommended to be further tested in the adaptation trialand released as superior variety
Verifikasi Lokus Aluminum Tolerance (Alt) pada Tiga Populasi BC3F1 Padi
Get PDFMost of marginal lands in Indonesia are in the form of acid dry land with low available P and high Al concentrations. Development of tolerant rice varieties to P deficiency and Al toxicity is one way to increase rice production. This study aimed to select BC3F1-Pup1+Alt genotypes from three crosses based on foreground and background markers. This research was conducted at the Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development, Bogor, from August to December 2015. The materials used were 300 genotypes of BC3F1 Dodokan-Pup1+Alt, BC3F1 Situ Bagendit-Pup1+Alt, BC3F1 Batur-Pup1+Alt, and the parents. The research included selection in modified Yoshida’s nutrient solutions (0.5 ppm P dan 60 ppm Al) followed by foreground selection and background selection. Selection using Yoshida’s nutrient solution resulted in 150 genotypes with longer root than the recipient parent in each of the BC3F1 populations. Selection with foreground markers using markers RM1361 and RM12031 produced 85 genotypes of BC3F1 Dodokan-Pup1+Alt (56.6%), 105 genotypes of BC3F1 Situ Bagendit-Pup1+Alt (70%), and 77 genotypes of BC3F1 Batur-Pup1+Alt (51.33%). Selection using background markers revealed that genotype number 116 (BC3F1 Dodokan-Pup1+Alt), number 2 (BC3F1 Situ Bagendit-Pup1+Alt), and number 129 (BC3F1 Batur-Pup1+Alt) were the best genotypes with percentage of parent recovery of 95%, 90%, and 90.5%, respectively. These three genotypes were verified to have Alt loci and had the largest genetic proportion of restoring parents. Keywords: Alt, background markers, foreground markers, Pup1, upland ric
Analisis Genetik dan Seleksi Segregan Transgresif pada Populasi F2 Sorgum Hasil Persilangan B69 × Numbu dan B69 × Kawali
Get PDFThe genetic analysis and selection of transgressive segregants on agronomic characters are required in a sorghumbreeding program for obtaining high proportion homozygosity rapidly in the early generations. This study aimed to obtainthe information on the performance of agronomic characters, estimate genes’ action, broad-sense heritability, coefficient ofgenetic variability, and select transgressive segregant on F2 population of sorghum based on grain yield. The research wasconducted from July 2014 until October 2014 in Dramaga, Bogor. About 300 and 150 individuals F2 populations of B69 ×Numbu and B69 × Kawali, respectively, were used as genetic materials. The results showed that plant height and paniclelength of B69 × Numbu and B69 × Kawali populations were controlled by many genes with additive gene action. The grainyield and grain yield per panicle were controlled by many genes with additive gene action and complementary epistasis,had high heritability, and large coefficients of genetic variability. The transgressive segregant selection had selected 14individuals of B69 × Numbu and 134 individuals of B69 × Kawali populations based on grain yield per panicle
Pemulsaan dan Ameliorasi Tanah Salin untuk Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Kedelai
Get PDFMost salt-affected agricultural land has low productivity such that suitable management is required to improve the productivity. Negative effect of salinity stress can be reduced by growing salt-tolerant cultivars and soil amelioration. The objective of the research was to identify effective ameliorant and effect of mulching in improving soybean growth and yield on saline soil. The research was conducted on saline soil in Lamongan District that has electrical conductivity (EC) of 11.39 dS m-1 during dry season 2016. Treatments consists of two factors that were arranged in split plot design, and replicated three times. The main plot was mulching, i.e. without mulching and mulching with 3.5 ton ha-1 rice straw. The subplots were six amelioration traits, namely without amelioration (control), 120 kg ha-1 K2O, 750 kg ha-1 S, 5 ton ha-1 gypsum, 5 ton ha-1 manure and combination of 5 ton ha-1 manure+1.5 ton ha-1 gypsum. The soybean seed used was K-13, a saline tolerant genotipe. The results showed that mulching reduced soil EC, increased K and Ca absorption, leaf chlorophyll index, improved growth and yield. Soil amelioration with K2O, sulphur, gypsum, or combination of manure+gypsum decreased soil EC and soil pH. Amelioration with gypsum increased the grain yield of 36.3%