Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy)
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Seleksi Pendonor Serbuk Sari Sifat Kuantitas Endosperma Skor Tinggi pada Kelapa dalam Kopyor
Get PDFEndosperm quantity in kopyor coconut determines the quality of kopyor coconut. However, data of the best parental based on their progeny test is unavailable yet. In this study, we employed polycross approach and SSR molecular marker to estimate general combining ability of the best pollen contributor for the breeding purpose of this trait. Totally 151 kopyor coconuts were collected from the naturally open-pollinated population of kopyor Tall coconut Agom Lampung. The harvested nuts were rated for their endosperm quantity (scored 1-9). The analysis identified 31 paternal trees of the 53 progenies. The TJ-185 with the highest GCA has been considered as a promising paternal tree for development of high endosperm quantity of kopyor coconut.Keywords: combining ability, molecular marker, paternal trees, polycross, tall coconu
Hasil dan Kualitas Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench.) Merah dan Okra Hijau dengan Jenis Pupuk yang Berbeda
Get PDFOkra fruit contains phenolic compounds as natural antioxidant. The aim of this research was to analyze the effect of different types of fertilizers on production and quality of two okra varieties. The experiment was conducted in October 2017 to February 2018 at Bogor Agricultural University experimental field at Leuwikopo, Darmaga, Bogor (-6033’49.3”SL, 106043’30.7’’EL). The experiment used nested randomized complete block design with 2 factors and 4 replications. The first factor consisted of two okra varieties with different colour (red and green okra). The second factor was fertilizer types consisted of no fertilizer, organic (cow manure), combination of organic + inorganic, and inorganic fertilizer. The results showed that fertilizer types significantly affected plant height and fruit N content but did not affect fruit production. Red okra had a higher plant height, lower number of leaves and leaf K content than those of the green okra. The interaction effect of both factors was significant on total phenolic content in fruit and P content in leaf. The highest total phenolic content in fruit was showed by red okra with inorganic fertilizer, although it was not significantly different to those of red okra with combination organic + inorganic fertilizer, and also to green okra with organic fertilizer. The highest P content in leaf was found in red okra without fertilizer, however it was not significantly different to red okra with combination organic + inorganic fertilizer, green okra with organic fertilizer, and green okra with inorganic fertilizer.Keywords: inorganic fertilizer, leaf nutrient, organic fertilizer, phenolic compoun
Kandungan Antosianin dan Karotenoid serta Komponen Produksi pada Kacang Panjang Berpolong Ungu dan Hijau
No full textBreeding improved yardlong bean varieties is not only aimed for yield, but also for enhancing nutritional content such as anthocyanin and carotenoids concentrations. The objectives of this research were to elucidate the anthocyanin and carotenoids concentrations as well as yield components in several yard long bean genotypes. This research was conducted at the Leuwikopo Experimental Station and Post Harvest Laboratory of Department of Agronomy and Horticulture IPB from November 2017 to January 2018. The experiment was arranged in a single-factor randomized complete block design with 4 replicates, involving 15 yardlong bean genotypes. The results showed that Fagiola 2 had relatively high anthocyanin and carotenoids contents. Peleton had higher yield than Kinaya 1, Pangeran Anvi, Parade, and Fagiola 2. Anthocyanin content was not correlated with yield components, whereas carotenoids content was positively correlated with the length of pod stalks, length of pods, weight per pod, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll. Pod weights per plant were positively correlated with the number of pods per plant (r = 0.81, P<0.01), and can be predicted by a linear model involving number of pods per plant and days to harvest (R2 = 0.75, P<0.01).Keywords: biofortification, chlorophyll, correlation, stepwise regression, Vigna unguiculata var. sesquipedali
Potensi Gulma Siam (Chromolaena odorata L.) sebagai Bahan Kompos untuk Pengembangan Bawang Merah Organik
Get PDFSiam weed growing in any locations can be used for developing organic agriculture in Indonesia. The research was to find the quantitative and qualitative potential of siam weed as compost material for organic shallot cultivation. This study was descriptive-quantitative research using survey method done in four regencies in Yogyakarta Special Province and laboratory analysis. Purposive random sampling was used in survey method to determine the samples by applying random sampling and nested design. Laboratory analysis was to know nutrient content of siam weed. Shallot was planted using siam weed compost of 10 and 20 ton ha-1, inorganic fertilizer of 500 kg NPK Mutiara 16-16-16 ha-1 and the control. Siam weed was potential for developing organic shallot in Indonesia. Siam weed produced fresh biomass of 80 ton ha-1 with the population density of 24-37 individual m-2 and spread over almost all locations in Yogyakarta Special Province. Siam weed also contained higher nutrients of 2.56% N, 0.38% P, and 2.41% K with C/N ratio of 19.52 under the critical point of 30 so that easy to mineralized. The use of siam weed compost stimulated leaf number on shallot at 7 weeks after planting compared to the use of inorganic fertilizer and the control, but gave no significant yield of 19.71, 15.56, and 18.92 ton ha-1 of bulb, respectively.Keywords: organic fertilizer, development, nutrien
Yield Stability of Soybean Genotypes in Tropical Environments based on Genotype and Genotype-by-Environment Biplot
Get PDFGenotype × environment interaction is universal phenomenon when different genotypes are tested in a number of environments. The objective of this experiment was to determine the seed yield stability of soybean genotypes. Seven soybean genotypes and two check cultivars were evaluated at eight soybean production centers during the dry season 2015. Stability analysis on seed yield was based on the GGE biplot method. The combined analysis showed that yield and yield components were significantly affected by genotype (G), environments (E), and genotype × environment interaction (GEI), except for number of filled pods. The highest yield was G6 (3.07 ton ha-1), followed by G7 (2.93 ton ha-1). The “which-won-where” polygon mapping resulted two mega-environments. The best genotype for the first mega-environment was G1 (G511H/Anjasmoro//Anjasmoro-2-8) at E5 (Pasuruan2); and the second one was G6 (G511 H/Anj//Anj///Anj////Anjs-6-7) at E1 (Nganjuk), E2 (Mojokerto), E3 (Blitar), E4 (Pasuruan1), E6 (Jembrana), E7 (Tabanan), and E8 (Central Lombok). The G7 (G511 H/Anjasmoro-1-4-2) was closest to ideal genotype as indicated by relatively stable and produced high yield across environments. The analysis of multi-environment trials data using GGE is useful for determining mega-environment analysis and stability of genotype which focusing on overall performance to identify superior genotypes.Keywords: GE interaction, GGE biplot, Glycine max, seed yiel
Pertumbuhan, Produksi Biomassa, dan Kandungan Glikosida Steviol pada Lima Klon Stevia Introduksi di Bogor, Indonesia
Get PDFStevia rebaudiana Bertoni, a sweetener plant, has been cultivated in Indonesia since the early 1980s, but the yield is lower than in other countries. Five selected introduced stevia clones were planted at Megamendung, Bogor, Indonesia (6°39’ S, 106°56’ E, 800 m above sea level) on December 2014 until November 2015 to evaluate their growth and biomass yield. The growth and yield were observed from 6 to 12 months after planting. In addition, stevioside, rebaudioside A (reb A), and total steviol glycoside (TSG) contents of leaves were measured using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). At six months after planting, stem diameter was 8-11 mm, plant canopy diameter was 23-30 cm, plant height was 24-35 cm, and plant mortality was less than 5% except for clone BU at 30.7% due to Sclerotium attack. The plants flowered at different times, therefore had different harvest durations, from 4 weeks (clone BM) to 8 weeks (clone BP). The highest leaf yield was clone BM (6.04 ton ha-1 per year), followed by BX (4.91 ton ha-1 per year), and BP (4.38 ton ha-1 per year). From the five clones tested, clone BM was the best for leaf, TSG, and stevioside yields; whereas clone BS and BP were the best for reb A yield. Keywords: rebaudioside A, Stevia rebaudiana, stevioside, total steviol glycosid
Pola Kemajuan Seleksi pada Cabai Rawit Spesies Capsicum annuum L.
Get PDFImprovement of chilli’s quantitative traits requires several stages of breeding program, one of these is selection stage. The objective of this study was to obtain the information concerning the means and ranges of some quantitative characters, inbreeding depression, heritability estimates, and response to selection from six generations derived from crossing two parents of chili peppers. Materials used were IPB C160 (female), IPB C291 (male) as parents, F2, F3, F4, F5, and F6 derived from crossing of these parents with a total number of 630 plants. Results from this study showed that the mean valuesbetween the generations F2 to F6 showed an increase in the observed character except of harvesting time. The highest value of inbreeding depression for harvest time, weight per fruit, and fruit length was found in F5 generation. The highest value of inbreeding depression for fruit weight per plant, number of fruit per plant, and fruit weight was found in F6 generation, and for fruit diameter was found in F4 generation. The narrow-sense heritability estimates were classified into low to moderate criteria. In general, declined responses to selection for quantitative characters in the six generations of chili were observed.Keywords: advance selection, heritability, inbreeding depression, means valu
Potensi Hasil dan Toleransi Galur-galur Inbrida Sorgum pada Tanah dengan Hara Fosfor Rendah
Get PDFSorghum development in Indonesia is directed towards cultivation in dryland and acid soil with low P availability. This research was aimed to obtain information on the performance of sorghum traits for selection in P deficient environment at early vegetative phase (3 weeks after planting), agronomic and yield potential traits in both P sufficient and P deficient environments, also to select high productivity sorghum genotypes which could tolerate P deficiency. The genetic materials used were 19 F7 recombinant inbred lines from a cross of B69 x Numbu developed under optimum condition (indirect breeding) by single seed decent. Variety Numbu and B69 used as checks. This research was conducted at The Indonesian Center for Biotechnology and Agriculture Plant Genetic Resources experimental field, Bogor, from May to September 2017. The experiment used a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates. The results showed that agronomic and yield traits varied among inbred lines under low P condition and optimum P condition. Adaptive lines showed better growth and yield compared to sensitive ones under low P condition. Plant height, panicle weight, and grain weight per panicle had high estimates of broad sense heritability. Selection based on stress tolerance index was able to identify inbred lines 286-6, 115-9, 114-7, 331-8, 170-9, 151-8, 104-7, 413-7, 68-5, 315-6, and 341-7 as tolerant to low P condition.Keywords: heritability, indirect breeding, optimum P condition, stress tolerance inde
Karakter Seleksi Fase Vegetatif Jagung terhadap Hasil pada Cekaman Genangan Air
No full textMaize is an important crop in Indonesia that is utilized for food, feed, and industry. Waterlogging is one of the abioticstresses challenging maize production in recent years due to climate changes. Vegetative-phase screening methods may benefitplant breeding programs because potential genotypes can be identified at earlier stage with lower cost. This study consistedof two experiments. The first experiment was carried out at the Sawah Baru experimental station of Bogor AgriculturalUniversity (IPB), Bogor, from June to September 2017 using an alpha lattice design with three replications and four blockswithin each replication. The second experiment conducted in a greenhouse at Cikabayan experimental station of IPB, Bogor,from December 2017 to January 2018 using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Genetic materialused were 21 maize genotypes from the Indonesia Cereal Research Institute (ICERI) and IPB, including 19 hybrids and 2inbred lines. The results showed that the dry root weight under normal conditions had significant positive correlation withgrain yield under waterlogging stress, and therefore is potential for early screening. Adaptive genotypes in waterloggingstress selected based on dry root weight are DKLx30, DKLx11, MGoldx37, MGOldx41, and IPB L15-1xMR14. Predictedmean yield across these genotypes was 0.57 ton ha-1 higher yield than the overall mean in waterlogging stress condition.Selected hybrids can be further evaluated for variety release
