Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy)
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Penghambatan Pertumbuhan Gulma Commelina diffusa oleh Pemberian Ekstrak Segar Daun Mikania micrantha
Get PDFCommelina diffusa Burm. F. diketahui telah resisten terhadap beberapa jenis herbisida sehingga alternatif pengendalian gulma tersebut perlu diketahui. Mikania micrantha merupakan salah satu jenis gulma yang mengandung senyawa alelopati yang dapat menekan pertumbuhan tanaman di sekitarnya sehingga berpotensi digunakan sebagai bioherbisida. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui potensi ekstrak daun M. micrantha sebagai bioherbisida untuk menghambat pertumbuhan gulma C. diffusa. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Cikabayan dan Laboratorium Pascapanen, Institut Pertanian Bogor pada bulan April-Juni 2019. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak (RKLT) faktor tunggal yaitu konsentrasi ekstrak daun M. micrantha sebesar 0.00, 0.33, 0.67, 1.00, 1.33, 1.67, dan 2.00 g bobot basah mL-1, dengan 4 ulangan. Aplikasi ekstrak daun M. micrantha mengurangi jumlah daun, meningkatkan skor toksisitas, dan meningkatkan persentase kematian gulma C. diffusa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi ekstrak daun M. micrantha menekan pertumbuhan daun C. diffusa sampai 2 minggu setelah aplikasi (MSA). Ekstrak daun M. micrantha bersifat toksik bagi pertumbuhan C. diffusa pada 1 MSA dan menyebabkan kematian C. diffusa mulai 10-15 hari setelah aplikasi. Konsentrasi ekstrak daun M. micrantha yang menyebabkan toksisitas pada C. diffusa adalah 1.15 g mL-1.
Kata kunci: bioherbisida, gulma, konsentrasi ekstrak, resisten, senyawa alelopatiCommelina diffusa Burm. F. is known to have been resistant to several types of herbicides, so it needs an alternative way to control its growth. Mikania micrantha contains allelopathic compounds that can suppress the growth of plants nearby so that it can potentially be used as a bioherbicide. This research aimed to study the potentiality of M. micrantha leaf extract to inhibit the growth of C. diffusa. This research was conducted at Cikabayan Experimental Station and Postharvest Laboratory, IPB University, from April to June 2019. A randomized complete block design was used in this research with extract concentration at 0.00, 0.33, 0.67, 1.00, 1.33, 1.67, and 2.00 g fresh weight mL-1 as treatments with four replications. Application of M. micrantha leaf extract decreased the leaf number, increased toxicity rate, and death percentage of C. diffusa. The experiment showed M. micrantha leaf extract was able to suppress C. diffusa leaf number up to 2 weeks after application (WAP). M. micrantha 1.15 g mL-1 leaf extract caused toxicity on C. diffusa growth at 1 WAP and caused the death of C. diffusa from 10-15 days after application (DAP).
Keywords: bioherbicide, weeds, extract concentration, resistant, allelopathic compound
Uji Beberapa Konsentrasi Bakteri Bacillus sp. Endofit untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Bibit Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.)
Get PDFDevelopment of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) requires high-quality seeds. Adding growth substance from Bacillus sp. endophytes is expected to increase the growth of cocoa seedlings. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the ability of Bacillus sp. endophytes to produce Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) hormone, evaluate the effects of Bacillus sp. endophytes application on growth of cocoa seedling, and obtain the best concentration to increase growth of cocoa seedling. The experiments were conducted in the laboratory and in the field from June to October 2015. The study was conducted in two stages: in vitro and in vivo.The first experiment tested the ability of Bacillus sp. endophytes to produce IAA using tryptophan enriched picovskaya liquid medium and non-enriched tryptophan. The results from the first experiment showed that all Bacillus sp. endophytes produce IAA hormones. The second experiment tested the concentrations of Bacillus sp. endophytes to improve the growth of cocoa seedlings. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design consisting of 5 treatments and 4 replications, i.e., without treatment of Bacillus sp., and concentrations of 1011, 1012, 1013, and 1014 cfu/mL. The parameters observed were the number of bacterial colonies of Bacillus sp. endophytes, cocoa seed height, stem diameter, number of leaves and planting area of 4 month cocoa seedlings. The results from the second experiment showed that all concentrations of Bacillus sp. endophytes increase the growth of cocoa seedlings. The concentration of 1011 cfu/mL produced more colony in planting medium, increased height, stem diameter, leaf number and leaf area in cocoa seedlings
Tanggap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tiga Varietas Kacang Hijau terhadap Lama Genangan
Get PDFThe objective of this research was to determine growth and yield responses of three mungbean varieties to waterlogging duration. The experiment was conducted at a screenhouse of ILETRI, Malang, East Java, from October to December 2016 using Alfisol soil from Probolinggo, East Java. The experiment consisted of two factors that were laid out in a factorial randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor was mungbean varieties, namely Sriti, Vima 1, and Vima 2. The second factor was waterlogging durations, namely 0, 2, 4, and 6 days. The waterlogging treatments started at 20 days after planting. Mungbean plants fertilized with 250 kg Phonska ha-1 at the time of planting. The results showed that waterlogging treatments had negative effects on growth of the three varieties, indicated by a reduction in stem dry weight and leaf dry weight of the plants. Sriti variety was tolerant to waterlogging, Vima 1 was moderate tolerant, and Vima 2 was sensitive.Keywords: Alfisol soil, Vigna radiata, waterlogging stres
Yield Evaluation of Selected Clones Apomictic Iles-Iles (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) on Second Growing Period
Get PDFIncreasing corm production of iles-iles (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) through genetic improvement is important for increasing farmers’ income. However, the study on variety development is rarely reported. Here, yield evaluation of the second growing period was conducted at IPB Experimental Station Leuwikopo Farm, Bogor, Indonesia (-6.5647419, 106.7220331, 17.25z) from August 2017 to July 2018 in order to select candidate clone with high corm production. One-year-old corms of 21 F1 accessions were planted under 55% shading net with four replications. The parent population was set as a control. Results showed that accessions exhibited variation in corm size. The parent population produced corm ranged 622.3-908.3 g in weight (on average 764.2 g). The pooled accessions produced corm 180.7-1527.5 g in weight, corm diameter 71.0-145.8 mm, and corm height 46.6-87.6 mm. Nine accessions produced 5.91-99.88% higher average corms weight than the parent, i.e., BKB, BS, CF, CK, CR, DPG, DPP, SBM, and SHJ. Based on 30% as the basis of corm weight improvement, we concluded that five accessions, i.e., CK, CR, DPG, DPP, and SBM as prospective candidate clones. These accessions could be further evaluated in the third growing period to select best candidates of new variety of A. muelleri.Keywords: Agamosporous, Araceae, breeding strategy, new variety, productivit
Penentuan Indeks Seleksi untuk Galur Dihaploid Padi Sawah Tadah Hujan Berdaya Hasil Tinggi
Get PDFRainfed rice breeding for high yield is an alternative to increase national rice production. The breeding can beaccelerated using anther culture technique. The selection of high productivity lines may be more effective if it also involvesthe traits contributing to or affecting the yield traits. This study aimed at determining suitable characters as selection criteriaand obtain a selection index model for high yielding doubled haploid rainfed rice lines. The experiment was conductedin a greenhouse of ICABOGRAD, Bogor and Sawah Baru Experimental Station, Bogor Agricultural University using arandomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Thirty doubled haploid lines derived from anther cultureand two check varieties namely Ciherang and Inpari 18 were used. The results showed that plant height (TT), number of filledgrain per panicle (GI), and productivity (PRD) could be used as suitable selection characters. The determination of selectionindex obtained a selection model which was Selection index = 0.48 PRD + 0.31 JGI - 0.31 TT. This model can be used toselect high yielding doubled haploid rainfed rice lines
Karakter Percabangan Malai Genotipe Padi Sawah pada Berbagai Level Dosis Fosfor
Get PDFYield grain of rice was determined by genetical and environmental factors, one of them was genetic response on levelof phosphorus. Rice panicle branching was one of the key factors on supporting rice yield. The study aimed to find out ricepanicle branching responses to phosphorus. Controlled experiment was conducted on September 2017 - February 2018, usingtwo genotypes planted on poor soil media and six levels of phosphorus as treatments, arranged in completely randomizeddesign. Panicle branching characters were observed on the experiment. The experiment showed the genotype’s effects atall panicle branching except number of tertiary branches and number of grains on tertiary branches. Phosphorus affectedpanicle branching except panicle length, primary branch length, and number of grain on tertiary branches. Genotype andphosphorus interaction appeared at all panicle branching except number of primary branch, number of tertiary branches,number of grains on tertiary branches, and the percentage of grains number on tertiary branches. The panicle of genotypeIPB180-12 was likely more stabil to the various levels of phosphorus, meanwhile the panicle of genotype IPB158-5 moresensitive. According to the polynomial regression evaluation, the optimum level of P2O5 for the sensitive genotype was 421.92kg ha-1, and for the tolerant genotype was 108 kg ha-1 in poor soil
Pengaruh Pemberian Kompos dan Pupuk NPK terhadap Produktivitas Kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merril)
Get PDFThe productivity of soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merril) in Indonesia is still low, and therefore it is necessary to increase productivity through management of soil fertility such as fertilizer application. This study aimed to determine the effect of single compost, NPK, and their interactions on soybean productivity. The study was conducted in the experimental station of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Riau from May to September 2017. The experiment used a factorial design arranged in a randomized block design. The first factor consisted of: without compost, oil palm empty fruit bunch compost (TKKS) and rice straw compost. The second factor consisted of: without NPK fertilizer, NPK dose 125 kg ha-1 and NPK dose 250 kg ha-1. Data analyzed statistically and further evaluation using Duncan’s multiple range test. The single treatment of compost increased the nutrient content of leaf N 3.1%, leaf K 24%, percentage of filled pods 3.45%, number of seeds each plant 14%, seed weight each plant 15% and weight of 100 seeds 3.20%. The single treatment of NPK fertilizer also increased leaf N by 4.67%, leaf P by 9% and leaf K by 4%, number of filled pods as 27%, percentage of filed pods with 5%, number of seeds each plant 29%, seed weight each plant 27%, production each m2 by 26% and weight 100 seeds by 7%. Interactions between treatments increased the levels of N, P, and K and percentage of filled pods. This research provides information for farmers to utilize compost in order to reduce the use of inorganic fertilizers
Induksi Mutasi Tanaman Leunca (Solanum nigrum L.) untuk Meningkatkan Keragaman Kandungan Tanin
Get PDFLeunca (Solanum nigrum L. ) is one of the indigenous vegetables in Indonesia. The fruit of this vegetable is green and has bitter taste because of its tannin content. The objectives of this study were to get lethal dose 50 (LD50), diversity and to obtain candidates of mutant plants with high and low tannin content in young fruit and ripe fruit in leunca. The research was conducted at Pasir Kuda experimental station, Bogor; National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN), Jakarta; and postharvest laboratory of the Center for Tropical Horticulture Studies (PKHT IPB), Bogor, from December 2016 to July 2017. Leunca accession of SN 20 and SN 29 were irradiated using doses of 0, 100, 150, 200, and 250 Gy of gamma ray. The LD50 values for SN 20 and SN 29 were 171.944 Gy and 190.949 Gy, respectively. The analysis of tannin content was performed based on permanganate method by titration using potassium permanganate. The results showed that the highest tannin content of green stage fruit was found in SN20D3.5 with 200 Gy dose and the lowest was found in SN29D1.5 with 100 Gy dose. The highest tannin content of ripe fruit was found in SN20D4.6 with dose of 250 Gy and the lowest was found in SN20D3.1 with dose of 200 Gy. Recommended tannin content for leunca is the low tannin content.Keywords: diversity, gamma ray, indigenous vegetable, irradiation, LD5
Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Gandum pada Berbagai Kerapatan Populasi dan Dosis Pemupukan Urea
Get PDFEfforts to produce wheat in Indonesia need to be supported by the availability of cultivation technology suitable for agro-climate conditions in Indonesia, including the use of proper population density and fertilization dosages, which are fundamental for obtaining maximum yields. This study was aimed to determine ideal population density and dosage of urea for optimum grain yield of wheat in Lombok Island. The experiment carried out at Aik Bukak, Central Lombok at elevation of 400 m asl, to observe the growth and yield of two varieties of wheat, Nias and Gladius, with 4 plant population densities (133, 160, 200, and 250 plants m-2) and 3 dosages of urea fertilization, 200, 300, and 400 kg ha-1. Data from this study indicated that Lombok Island has the potential for growing wheat with quite dense population density of 250 plants m-2. This density yielded higher, 1.74 tons ha-2, due to the increased number of kernel per unit area without reducing individual kernel weight. The use of urea 300 kg ha-1 exhibited the best growth and yielded 1.32 tons ha-2.Keywords: fertilization, population density, wheat varietie