Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy)
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Fertigation Methods and N Source on Chili through Drip Irrigation
Get PDFCabai rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.) memiliki peran penting dalam menu masakan di Indonesia. Pengelolaan tanaman secara konvensional dengan pemupukan yang kurang efisien masih banyak dilakukan oleh petani, sebaliknya pemupukan secara fertigasi meningkatkan hasil dapat dan menurunkan biaya produksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui metode aplikasi pemupukan melalui irigasi dan sumber N yang dapat menigkatkan hasil cabai rawit dengan budidaya memakai mulsa plastik. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada jenis tanah Inceptisol (Dytropept Fluventik, Isohiperthermik). Perobaan dilakukan di Kebun Penelitian Institut Pertanian Bogor, Cikarawang. Percobaan pertama pada Juni-Desember 2016 disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok (RAK), 4 ulangan dengan 3 metode aplikasi fertigasi: split, irigasi tetes, dan konvensional(tanpa fertigasi). Percobaan kedua dilakukan pada Maret-Oktober 2017 disusun dalam RAK dengan empat ulangan dengan perlakuan tiga sumber N (Urea (46% N), ZA (21% N), dan NPK (16-16-16)% N-P2O5, -K2O). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa split dan drip tidak memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda terhadap total panen dan hasil panen yang dapat dipasarkan, namun keduanya lebih tinggi dari hasil panen dengan konvensional. Hasil percobaan kedua menunjukkan bahwa semua sumber N tidak berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil panen cabai.
Kata kunci: irigasi mikro, nitrogen, mulsa plastik, pemupukanChili (Capsicum frutescens L.) has an important role in Indonesian cuisine. Conventional crop management with less-efficient fertilizer application was still commonly implemented by farmers; on the other hand, fertilizer application through fertilizer will increase yield and reduce production costs. Research objectives were to find out the best fertilizer application methods through drip irrigation and obtain a nitrogen fertilizer source that can increase polyethylene mulched chili yield. This research was conducted in Inceptisol (Dytropept Fluventik, Isohiperthermik) soil type. The experiment was conducted at Bogor Agricultural University Research Station, Cikarawang, from June to December 2016. The first experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three methods of fertilizer applications: split, drip, and conventional (no fertigation). The second experiment, from March to October 2017, was arranged in RCBD, with three N sources (Urea (46% N), ZA (21% N), and NPK (16-16-16)% N-P2O5,-K2O), with four replications. Results showed that split and drip fertigations had no different effect on total and marketable yield; however, the yields of both treatments were higher than that of conventional applications. The second experiment results showed that all N sources did not affect the growth and yield of chili.Keywords: fertilization, nitrogen, micro-irrigation, polyethylene mulc
Pengaruh Pemberian Mulsa dan Irigasi pada Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Bawang Merah (Allium cepa L. var. agregatum)
Get PDFKetersediaan air untuk tanaman dapat dipertahankan dengan pemberian irigasi dan penggunaan mulsa. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan volume irigasi pada berbagai jenis mulsa yang efisien untuk tanaman bawang merah varietas Bima Brebes. Rancangan penelitian tersusun secara acak kelompok dengan dua faktor dan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah tingkat volume irigasi berdasarkan evaporasi panci (Eo) yang terdiri dari 6 taraf yaitu 0.25 Eo, 0.50 Eo, 0.75 Eo, 1.00 Eo, 1.25 Eo, dan 1.50 Eo. Faktor kedua adalah jenis mulsa yang terdiri dari 3 taraf yaitu tanpa mulsa, mulsa plastik hitam perak, dan mulsa jerami. Interaksi antara volume irigasi dan jenis mulsa meningkatkan pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah anakan, volume akar, jumlah akar, bobot kering, diameter umbi, dan bobot basah umbi per rumpun. Kombinasi volume irigasi 1.50 Eo dengan mulsa plastik menghasilkan bobot basah umbi tertinggi dan tidak berbeda nyata dengan volume irigasi 0.50 Eo dan 0.75 Eo pada mulsa plastik serta volume irigasi 1.00 Eo dan 1.50 Eo tanpa pemberian mulsa. Kombinasi volume irigasi 0.50 Eo dengan pemakaian mulsa plastik direkomendasikan untuk alasan efisiensi pemakaian air dan penggunaan air yang lebih sedikit.
Kata kunci: diameter umbi, evaporasi, mulsa plastik plastik hitam perak, mulsa jeramiSoil water availability is maintained by providing irrigation and mulching. This study aimed to develop efficient irrigation volume on various types of mulch for growing shallot variety of Bima Brebes. The study was arranged in a randomized complete block design with two factors and three replications. The first factor was the level of irrigation based on pan evaporation, consisting of six levels: 0.25 Eo, 0.50 Eo, 0.75 Eo, 1.00 Eo, 1.25 Eo, and 1.50 Eo. The second factor was the type of mulch, consisting of three levels: without mulch, black silver plastic mulch, and rice straw mulch. The interaction between irrigation volume and mulch type increased plant height, number of leaves, number of shoots, root volume, number of root, total dry weight, bulb diameter, and bulbs weight. The combination of irrigation volume 1.50 Eo with plastic mulch produced the highest weight of bulbs similar to the combination of irrigation volume 0.50 Eo and 0.75 Eo on plastic mulch and irrigation volume 1.00 Eo and 1.50 Eo without mulching. A combination of irrigation volume 0.50 Eo and plastic mulch was recommended for water use efficiency and less use of water.
Keywords: bulb diameter, evaporation, black silver plastic mulch, straw mulc
Estimation of Genetic Components of Cocoa Populations (Theobroma cacao L.) in Seedling Phase
Get PDFPenggunaan bibit sebagai bahan tanam maupun batang bawah untuk perbanyakan klonal sering dilakukan. Bahan tanam berupa bibit merupakan bahan tanam unggul yang berasal dari tetua unggul maupun persilangan antar tetua unggul. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai duga komponen genetik melalui desain persilangan North Carolina II pada karakter morfologi tanaman kakao fase bibit. Persilangan dilakukan dengan menggunakan lima genotipe tetua betina, yaitu; KW 516, Sulawesi 3, TSH 858 dan dua genotipe tetua jantan, yaitu; ICCRI 09, Scavina 6. Pengamatan dilakukan pada tanaman umur 16 MST pada karakter morfologi tanaman yaitu tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah daun, panjang akar, volume akar, bobot basah tajuk, bobot basah akar, bobot kering tajuk, bobot kering akar, dan rasio akar/tajuk. Genotipe Sulawesi 3 merupakan genotipe tetua betina terbaik, sedangkan Scavina 6 merupakan genotipe tetua jantan terbaik. Genotipe persilangan terbaik berdasarkan nilai DGK nya adalah genotipe TSH 858 x Scavina 6, KW 516 x ICCRI 09, dan Sulawesi 3 x ICCRI 09. Genotipe persilangan Sulawesi 3 x ICCRI 09 merupakan genotipe dengan vigor yang baik yang memenuhi kriteria bibit unggul dan siap untuk ditanam di kebun. Karakter morfologi pada tanaman kakao fase bibit dikendalikan oleh gen dominan pada semua karakter kecuali pada karakter volume akar.
Kata kunci: bibit, daya gabung khusus, daya gabung umum, North Carolina IISeedling is often used as planting material and rootstock for clonal propagation in cocoa. Seedling as cocoa planting material came form superior parents or crosses of superior parents. The research aimed to estimate the genetic components of cocoa morphological characters using the North Carolina II mating design. Three female parent genotypes, namely KW 516, Sulawesi 3, and TSH 858, were crossed with two male parent genotypes, namely ICCRI 09 and Scavina 6. Observed variables consisted of plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, root length, root volume, shoot fresh and dry weight, root fresh and dry weight, root:shoot ratio at 16 weeks after showing. General combining ability (GCA) value showed Sulawesi 3 as the best female parent, and Scavina 6 as the best male parent. Specific combining ability (SCA) values showed TSH 858 x Scavina 6, KW 516 x ICCRI 09, and Sulawesi 3 x ICCRI 09 as the best crosses. Sulawesi 3 x ICCRI 09 seedlings had good vigor and met the criteria for transplanting. Cocoa morphological characters were affected by dominant gene action except for root volume.
Keywords: seedling, North Carolina II, general combining ability, specific combining abilit
Dampak Suhu Tinggi terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Padi
Get PDFGlobal warming becomes a pressure in food production sustainability because it affected crop growth and development. The purpose of this study was to obtain information on the effect of high-temperature stress on the growth and development phase of rice and to evaluate the genotype for tolerance to high-temperature stress. Two environment conditions were used in the field and greenhouse of IPB Cikabayan experimental field, IPB University from August 2016 until February 2017. The study used varieties of IPB 4S, IPB 6R, Mekongga, and Situ Patenggang. High-temperature treatment was done by transferring the rice plants to the greenhouse at 50 days after transplanting. Observations were made on the generative phase in two different environmental conditions. The results showed that the total tillers number, filled grain number per panicle, unfilled grain number per panicle, total grain number per panicle, grain filling rate, percentage of filled grain and filled grain weight per plant had different responses among rice genotypes due to high-temperature stress. High-temperature decreased pollen fertility in all genotypes, which classified IPB 4S as a sensitive genotype and Mekongga as a tolerant genotype. This information could be useful for development and improving rice variety to anticipate high-temperature stress.
Keywords: Climate change, fertility, pollen, stress tolerance inde
Peningkatan Keefektifan Bioherbisida Berbahan Dasar Umbi Teki dengan Surfaktan dalam Menekan Perkecambahann
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Hasil penelitian sebelumnya menyatakan bahwa larutan tepung umbi teki berpotensi sebagai bioherbisida pratumbuh untuk mengendalikan gulma berdaun lebar. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui tingkat konsentrasi larutan tepung umbi teki yang efektif, mendapatkan informasi jenis surfaktan yang efektif digunakan untuk campuran larutan tepung umbi teki dalam menghambat perkecambahan, dan mengetahui interaksi antara larutan dengan penambahan surfaktan terhadap perkecambahan. Percobaan dilakukan pada Februari-April 2019 di rumah kaca Kebun Percobaan Cikabayan IPB. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dua faktor dengan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama yaitu perlakuan surfaktan yang terdiri dari A0 (tanpa surfaktan), A1 Tween 80, A2 Triethanolamin (TEA), dan A3 Nonylphenol 10 (NP10) pada konsentrasi 2%. Faktor kedua perlakuan konsentrasi larutan yaitu K0 (kontrol), K1 (45 g L-1), K2 (90 g L-1), dan K3 (135 g L-1). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa larutan tepung umbi teki berpengaruh nyata terhadap beberapa parameter perkecambahan. Selain menekan persentase benih yang berkecambah, larutan dapat menghambat kecepatan tumbuh dan meningkatkan persentase kecambah abnormal. Respon terhadap konsentrasi bersifat linier dan belum efektif menekan perkecambahan pada media tanah. Jenis surfaktan yang digunakan tidak nyata meningkatkan keefektifan bioherbisida. Tumbuhan berdaun lebar selada dan Asystasia gangetica lebih peka terhadap perlakuan dibandingkan dengan padi.
Kata kunci: alelopati, Asystasia gangetica, bioherbisida, Cyperus rotundus, pertanian berkelanjutan
Previous studies stated that the solution of purple nut sedge tuber powder has the potential as a pre-emergence bioherbicide to control broad-leaf weeds. This study aimed to: determine an effective concentration level of tuber powder solution, find out information on the types of effective surfactants in order to be mixed in tuber powder solutions in inhibiting germination, and find out the interaction between the tuber solution and the addition of surfactants towards the germination of plant seeds. This study was conducted from February to April 2019 in a greenhouse at the Cikabayan Experimental Station, IPB University. The research used a completely randomized design (CRD) with two-factors and three replications. The first factor was the type of surfactants, consisting of A0 (with no surfactant), A1 Tween 80, A2 Triethanolamine (TEA), and A3 Nonylphenol 10 (NP10) with 2% concentration. The second factor was the solution concentration, including K0 (control), K1 (45 g L-1), K2 (90 g L-1), and K3 (135 g L-1). The results showed that the tuber powder solution significantly affected several germination parameters. In addition to suppressing the percentage of germinating seeds, the solution of tuber powder could also inhibit the growth rate and increased the percentage of abnormal sprouts. The response to the concentrations used was linear and still ineffective enough for suppressing seed germination. In this study, the types of surfactants used were unable to increase the effectiveness of the tuber powder solution as a bioherbicide. Lettuce and Asystasia gangetica broad leafy plants are more sensitive to the treatment than paddy rice.
Keywords: allelopathy, Asystasia gangetica, bioherbicide, Cyperus rotundus, sustainable agricultur
Efektivitas Bioherbisida Berbahan Baku Tepung Umbi Teki (Cyperus rotundus L.) pada Berbagai Formulasi dan Dosis terhadap Perkecambahan Biji Gulma
Get PDFTeki (Cyperus rotundus L.) merupakan salah satu gulma berbahaya pada komoditi hortikultura karena mengandung alelokimia yang dapat menghambat perkecambahan tumbuhan. Alelopati tersebut berpotensi untuk digunakan sebagai bioherbisida pratumbuh untuk mengendalikan gulma berdaun lebar dan rumput. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui keefektifan bioherbisida berbahan baku umbi teki pada berbagai formulasi dan dosis. Percobaan ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret sampai Juni 2019 di rumah kaca Kebun Percobaan Cikabayan, IPB University, Bogor, untuk penanaman biji gulma. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan rancangan acak lengkap faktorial dengan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah formulasi umbi teki (F1: tepung umbi teki, F2: tepung umbi teki + aquades, F3: tepung umbi teki + aquades + surfaktan, F4: maserat, F5: maserat + surfaktan, dan F6: pellet), dan faktor kedua adalah dosis (D1: 22.50 kg tepung ha-1, D2: 45 kg tepung ha-1, dan D3: 67.50 kg tepung ha-1) sehingga terdapat 18 unit perlakuan. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa semua formulasi bioherbisida berbahan baku tepung umbi teki efektif menekan perkecambahan. Formulasi pellet merupakan formulasi yang direkomendasikan karena dalam pengaplikasiannya lebih mudah dan efisien. Dosis efektif untuk menekan perkecambahan dan pertumbuhan kecambah tanaman uji adalah 45 kg tepung ha-1.
Kata kunci : A. gangetica, A. gangeticus, E. crus-galli, maserasi, pelletTeki (Cyperus rotundus L.) is a noxious weed in horticultural commodities because it contains allelochemicals that can inhibit plant germination. The allelopathy has the potential to be used as a pre-emergence bioherbicide to control broad leaves weeds and grasses. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectivity of bioherbicide made from nutsedge tuber based on various formulations and dosages. The research was conducted in March-June 2019 in a greenhouse at the Cikabayan Experimental Station, IPB University, Bogor. The experiment used a factorial completely randomized design with three replications. The first factor was tuber formulations (F1: tuber powder, F2: tuber powder + aquades, F3: tuber powder + aquades + surfactant, F4: Macerate, F5: Macerate + surfactant, and F6: Pellets), and the second factors were the dosage of the tuber powder (22.50 kg powder ha-1, 45 kg powder ha-1, and 67.5 kg powder ha-1) so that there were 18 treatment combinations. The results showed that all bioherbicide formulations made from tuber powder effectively suppress germination. For practical purposes, pellet formulations were recommended because the application is easier and more efficient. Effective dosage for suppressing germination and growth of weed sprouts was equivalent to 45 kg powder ha-1.
Keywords: A. gangetica, A. gangeticus, E. crus-galli, macerate, pellet
Laju Pengisian Biji pada Beberapa Varietas Kedelai dengan Berbagai Ukuran Biji
Get PDFNitrogen merupakan unsur yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman kedelai. N yang tersedia untuk tanaman akan mempengaruhi luas daun pertanaman, bobot kering tanaman, dan produksi tanaman. Produksi tanaman kedelai berkaitan dengan akumulasi laju pengisian biji selama fase pengisian biji (R5-R7). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi pengaruh N dan ukuran biji kedelai terhadap laju pengisian biji. Percobaan dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli sampai November 2019 di Kebun Pendidikan Cikabayan, Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, Fakultas Pertanian, IPB. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak dengan dua faktor dan tiga ulangan. Faktor yang pertama merupakan dosis urea sebesar 0 dan 50 kg urea ha-1. Faktor kedua merupakan varietas kedelai yang memiliki ukuran biji berbeda. Varetas yang digunakan yaitu Tanggamus, Anjasmoro, Grobogan, Biosoy 1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dosis N yang diberikan ke tanaman tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap terhadap laju pengisian biji, tetapi cenderung dapat meningkatkan laju pengisian biji pada akhir periode pengisian biji. Dosis N mempengaruhi besarnya N yang diremobilisasi dan cenderung meningkatkan bobot kering yang diremobilisasi walaupun tidak berbeda nyata.
Kata kunci: bobot kering, laju asimilasi bersih, laju pengisian biji, laju pertumbuhan tanaman, ukuran bijiNitrogen is an element affecting the growth and production of soybean plants. N available for plants affects leaf area, dry weight, and crop production. Soybean plant production is related to the accumulation rate of seed filling during the seed filling phase (R5-R7). The research aimed to evaluate the effect of N and seed size on the rate of seed filling. The experiment was conducted from July to November 2019 at the Cikabayan Experimental Station, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor. The study used a randomized complete block design with two factors and three replications. The first factor was the urea doses of 0 and 50 kg urea ha-1. The second factor was soybean varieties with different seed sizes, namely Tanggamus, Anjasmoro, Grobogan, and Biosoy 1. The results showed that the application of N fertilizer to the plants did not significantly influence the rate of seed filling, but tended to increase the rate of seed filling at the end of the seed filling period. N fertilizer affected the amount of N remobilized and tended to increase the remobilized dry weight, even though not significant.
Keywords: dry weight, net assimilation rate, plant growth rate, seed filling rate, seed siz
Produksi dan Kualitas Umbi Beberapa Genotipe Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) Koleksi IPB untuk Olahan Keripik Kentang
Get PDFKebutuhan akan varietas kentang untuk industri olahan keripik kentang terus meningkat, namun ketersediaan varietas yang menghasilkan umbi yang memenuhi kriteria untuk keripik kentang masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan karakterisasi kualitas umbi kentang dari beberapa genotipe unggul koleksi IPB yang sesuai bagi kebutuhan industri olahan keripik kentang. Karakter kualitas tersebut meliputi diameter umbi, berat jenis, bahan kering, dan organoleptik keripik. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Januari-Mei 2020 di Desa Margamulya, Kecamatan Cikajang, Kabupaten Garut. Sebanyak delapan genotipe yang terdiri atas PKHT-2019-010, PKHT-2019-011, PKHT-2019-012, PKHT-2019-013, PKHT-2019-014, PKHT-2019-015, PKHT-2019-016, PKHT-2019-017 dan dua varietas pembanding yaitu Medians dan Intan. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak faktor tunggal yaitu genotipe dengan 4 ulangan. Penelitian dimulai dari persiapan lahan, penanaman, pemeliharaan, dan pemanenan, serta pengolahan keripik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa genotipe PKHT-2019-010, PKHT-2019-012, dan PKHT-2019-017 memiliki potensi sebagai genotipe yang dapat dikembangkan sebagai varietas kentang untuk bahan baku industri keripik kentang berdasarkan berat jenis, kandungan gula, bentuk, penampilan dan warna keripik yang baik. Genotipe PKHT-2019-015 memiliki produktivitas, bobot umbi dan diameter umbi yang sangat baik dan memenuhi kriteria industri, namun memiliki kadar gula yang tinggi sehingga lebih cocok dikembangkan sebagai kentang sayur. Namun demikian masih diperlukan penelitian lanjutan untuk meningkatkan bobot dan ukuran ketiga genotipe tersebut untuk mencapai standard industri.
Kata kunci: genotipe, kerenyahan, produktivitas, kandungan gulaThe need for potato varieties for the potato chip processing industry continues to increase; however, the availability of varieties that produce tubers that meet the criteria for potato chips is still limited. The study aimed to characterize the quality of potato tubers from several superior genotypes of IPB collections that are suitable for the potato chip processing industry’s needs. These quality characters included tuber diameter, specific gravity, dry matter, and organoleptic chips. This research was conducted in January-May 2020 at the Margamulya village, Cikajang, Garut. Eight genotypes, PKHT-2019-010, PKHT-2019-011, PKHT-2019-012, PKHT-2019-013, PKHT-2019-014, PKHT-2019-015, PKHT-2019-016, PKHT-2019-017 with two control varieties, Medians and Intan were used in this study as material plant. The genotype was used as a single factor in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The study begins with preparing the land, planting, maintenance, harvesting, and processing of chips. The results showed that the PKHT-2019-010, PKHT-2019-012, and PKHT-2019-017 genotypes had potential as genotypes that could be developed as potato varieties for raw materials for the potato chip industry based on density, sugar content, shape, appearance, and good color chips. The PKHT-2019-015 genotype has excellent productivity, tuber weight, and tuber diameter and meets industrial criteria, but has high sugar content, so it is more suitable to be developed as vegetable potatoes. However, further research is still needed to increase the three genotypes’ weight and size to reach industry standards.
Keywords: genotype, crispness, productivity, sugar conten
Pemanfaatan Khamir Antagonis untuk Memperpanjang Umur Simpan dan Mengendalikan Penyakit Antraknosa Buah Pepaya
Get PDFPepaya adalah buah klimakterik yang memiliki umur simpan pendek dan potensi gangguan penyakit antraknosa pada saat tahap pascapanen yang disebabkan oleh patogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengkaji keefektifan beberapa spesies khamir antagonis untuk memperpanjang umur simpan dan mengendalikan penyakit antraknosa pada pascapanen buah pepaya Callina. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kebun pepaya Desa Kanaga, Kabupaten Lebak, Banten pada November 2018 sampai Juli 2019 dan Laboratorium Pascapanen AGH, IPB pada bulan Maret sampai dengan Juli 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak dengan perlakuan lima jenis khamir yaitu Cryptococcus albidus Yp, Aureobasidium pullulans Dmg 30 DEP, Rhodotorula minuta Dmg 16 BEP, Candida tropicalis Lm 13 BE, dan Pseudozyma hubeiensis Dmg 18 BEP, dan sebagai pembanding perlakuan fungisida berbahan aktif azoksistrobin serta tanpa perlakuan sebagai kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penggunaan khamir Candida tropicalis, Aureobasidium pullulans, dan Cryptococcus albidus dapat memperpanjang umur simpan buah pepaya Callina masing-masing 12.6, 12.4, dan 12.2 hari, lebih lama dibandingkan kontrol yang hanya 7 hari, dan efektif mengendalikan penyakit antraknosa dengan tingkat penekanan secara berturut-turut 58.33%, 54.17%, dan 50.00%, selama penyimpanan. Penggunaan khamir antagonis tidak mempengaruhi mutu fisik dan kimia buah pepaya Callina.
Kata kunci: buah klimakterik, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, pascapanenPapaya is one of the climacteric fruits that has a short shelf life and potential for postharvest anthracnose disease disorders caused by the pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of several antagonistic yeast species to extend shelf life and controlling anthracnose disease in postharvest of Callina papaya. This research was conducted at the Papaya field in Kanaga Village, Lebak Regency, Banten from November 2018 to July 2019, and Postharvest Laboratory AGH, IPB University from March to July 2019. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with the treatment of five types of yeasts, i.e., Cryptococcus albidus Yp, Aureobasidium pullulans Dmg 30 DEP, Rhodotorula minuta Dmg 16 BEP, Candida tropicalis Lm 13 BE, and Pseudozyma hubeiensis Dmg 18 BEP, a fungicide treatment with active ingredient azoxystrobin as a standard, and without treatment as a control. The results showed that the use of Candida tropicalis, Aureobasidium pullulans, and Cryptococcus albidus extended the shelf life of Callina papaya fruit to 12.6, 12.4, dan 12.2 days, respectively, longer than the control that was only 7 days, and effectively prevented anthracnose disease with suppression rates of 58.33%, 54.17%, and 50.00%, respectively, during storage. The use of yeast antagonists did not affect the physical and chemical quality of Callina papaya.
Keywords: climacteric fruit, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, postharves
Peningkatan Komponen Hasil dan Mutu Benih Dua Varietas Okra melalui Penjarangan Buah
Get PDFThe fruit thinning treatment is known to be able to improve seed quality. This research aimed to increase the yield component and seed quality on two okra varieties (Naila and Zahira) through fruit thinning. This experiment was conducted in May until September 2018 at the Leuwikopo IPB Field, Postharvest Laboratory, and Seed Testing Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University. This experiment conducted using the two-factors nested design, which is a fruit thinning factor as subplots consisting of five levels and okra varieties consisting of two levels. The results showed that the fruit thinning factor influenced the parameters of yield components (fruit length and weight per fruit) and 1,000 seeds weight. The variety factor influenced most of the yield component parameters and seed quality in okra plants. The thinning treatment of the first two fruits and elimination of one fruit interval resulted in the highest physical quality of seed based on 1,000 seeds weight (67.99 g).
Keywords: 1,000 seed weight, physical qualit