Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy)
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Interaksi Genotipe × Musim Karakter Percabangan Malai Tiga Genotipe Padi Sawah
Get PDFPercabangan malai merupakan salah satu kunci penentu hasil padi, namun keragaannya antar musim belum banyak dipelajari hingga saat ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang interaksi genotipe × musim karakter percabangan malai padi. Percobaan dilaksanakan dari bulan April 2017 sampai dengan Maret 2018, di Kebun Percobaan IPB Babakan, Dramaga, Bogor. Lima belas genotipe padi sawah sebagai perlakuan ditanam pada musim kemarau dan musim hujan untuk mempelajari interaksi genotipe × musim. Percobaan ditata dalam rancangan acak kelompok lengkap dengan empat ulangan. Analisis yang dilakukan adalah analisis ragam per musim dan analisis ragam gabungan antar musim. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa genotipe, musim, dan interaksi genotipe × musim berpengaruh nyata pada karakter panjang malai, jumlah cabang primer, panjang cabang primer, dan panjang cabang sekunder. Informasi yang diperoleh dari hasil penelitian ini dapat bermanfaat bagi pemulia padi dalam melakukan seleksi pada karakter percabangan malai.
Kata kunci: genotipe × musim, musim kemarau, musim hujan, pemuliaan padiRice panicle branching architecture is an important trait affecting yield, but its responses across different seasons have not been extensively studied yet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the panicle branching responses of fifteen rice genotypes on different seasons. This study was conducted from April 2017 to March 2018 at Babakan Experimental Station, IPB University, Dramaga, Bogor. Fifteen genotypes as treatments were grown in the dry and wet seasons to study the genotypes × seasons interaction effects on panicle branching. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Individual analysis and combined analyses over seasons were performed. The results revealed that the genotype, season, and genotype × seasons had significant effects on panicle length, number of primary branches, length of primary branches, and length of secondary branches. The results of the study may be useful for rice breeders in conducting selection based on panicle branching.
Keywords: dry and wet season, genotypes × seasons, rice breeding
 
Stabilitas Laju Fotosintesis dan Produktivitas Rimpang Genotipe Curcuma aeruginosa dan Curcuma zanthorrhiza
Get PDFRimpang temu hitam (Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb.) merupakan bahan baku herbal penting yang berkhasiat sebagai antimikroba, antikanker, dan antioksidan. Dengan demikian, penting untuk mendapatkan tanaman temu hitam yang memiliki produktivitas rimpang dengan stabilitas yang luas pada kondisi lingkungan yang beragam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi interaksi genotipe x lingkungan menggunakan analisis additive main effects and multiple interaction (AMMI) terhadap karakter laju fotosintesis dan produktivitas rimpang genotipe temu hitam. Dua puluh genotipe temu hitam dan tiga varietas temulawak (C. zanthorrhiza Roxb.) dievaluasi di tiga lokasi percobaan (Bogor, Cianjur, dan Sukabumi) menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok lengkap teracak dengan pengulangan tiga kali. Interaksi genotipe x lingkungan memberikan pengaruh yang sangat nyata (p < 0.01) terhadap laju fotosintesis dan produktivitas rimpang. AMMI2 dapat menjelaskan 100% keragaman terhadap karakter laju fotosintesis dan produktivitas rimpang. G2, G10, G12, G13, G14, G16, G17, G19, dan G20 merupakan genotipe yang stabil pada produktivitas rimpang berdasarkan analisis AMMI. Karakter laju fotosintesis yang stabil ditemukan pada genotipe G4, G5, G6, G8, G11, G13, dan G14.
Kata kunci: AMMI, genotipe, temu hitam, uji multilokasi, varietasCurcuma aeruginosa Roxb. rhizome is an essential herb material with significant antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant activities. Thus, it is important to search for C. aeruginosa plant that has the rhizome yield trait with more excellent stability in changing environmental situations. This research aimed to evaluate the genotype x environment interaction using additive main effects and multiple interaction (AMMI) analysis for photosynthetic rate and rhizome yield of C. aeruginosa genotypes. Twenty clones of C. aeruginosa plus three control varieties of C. zanthorrhiza Roxb. were evaluated in three environments (Bogor, Cianjur, and Sukabumi) using a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The photosynthetic rate and rhizome yield showed significantly (p < 0.01) genotype x environment interaction. The AMMI2 explained 100% variability of the photosynthetic rate and rhizome yield parameters. G2, G10, G12, G13, G14, G16, G17, G19, and G20 were stable genotypes for rhizome yield based on AMMI analyses. Meanwhile, the stable genotype in photosynthetic rate recorded in G4, G5, G6, G8, G11, G13, and G14.
Keywords: AMMI, genotypes, multilocation trials, pink and blue ginger, varietie
Karakter Morfologis Kultivar Padi Ketan Lokal Ponorogo
Get PDFMorphological characters are basic characters to identify rice cultivars. The information of glutinous rice cultivars in Ponorogo is still very limited, therefore the exploration and characterization of the local cultivar are needed. The research aimed to explore and identify local cultivars based on morphological characters of plant, grain, and milled rice. The research was conducted on March-October 2018 at elevens subdistricts in Ponorogo. There were eleven cultivars have been collected and characterized, namely five white glutinous rice cultivars (Latisa, Tawon, Semok, Pelem, Genjah), three red glutinous rice cultivars (Garingan, Merah Pendek, Jowo), and three black glutinous rice cultivars (Wilis, Gundik, dan Gontor Bulu). The eleven cultivars were varied on plant height, panicle length, flowering time, number of tillers, grain size and shape, and the color of aleurone. The analysis of diversity and similarity on characters showed that all cultivars could be classified into four different groups. The first group was Latisa (Gontor Bulu), the second was Tawon group (Pelem), third was Genjah group (Garingan, Merah Pendek and Jowo), and the fourth was Wilis group (Gundik).
Keywords: aleurone , diversity, exploration, rice grain, similarit
Keragaman Morfologi dan Komponen Hasil Kubis Bunga (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) di Dataran Tinggi dan Dataran Rendah
Get PDFIncreasingly limited land in the high elevation and increasing of global temperature needed breeding of cauliflower plants originating from temperate regions to be adaptively planted in low elevation. This study aimed to identify the morphological variability and yield component of cauliflower planted in the high elevation and low elevation. The experiment was conducted in Pasir Sarongge (1,117 m asl) and Tajur II (340 m asl) from June to December 2016. This experiment was conducted with a randomized complete block design single-factor (12 genotypes of cauliflower) with three replications. The results showed that BOB 021 genotype was not flowering in Tajur. Qualitative characteristics that are stable in two locations include leaf attitude, leaf color, curd color, leaf lobing, and curd covering by inner leaves. Vegetative characters and yields in low elevation were higher than high elevation, time of flowering and harvesting in high elevation was earlier than in low elevation. Based on the correlation analysis, an increase in the yield characters can be seen from the increase in vegetative character and increase in longevity time of flowering and harvesting.
Keywords: correlation, flowering, qualitative, quantitativ
Interaksi Genotipe x Lingkungan pada Morfologi Malai Galur-galur Padi (Oryza sativa L.) Bermalai Lebat
Get PDFBreeding rice for heavy panicle is prospective to improve production. However, the information on genotype x environment interaction (GxE) of rice panicle morphology is limited. This study was aimed to evaluate the GxE interaction on panicle morphology of heavy panicle rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes. The experiments were conducted in four environmental conditions. The research was conducted from December 2017 to May 2019 at the Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University, using 24 genotypes (F5-F6 generation) with 6 check varieties. The experimental design was an augmented design (3 replicates of check). Analysis of variance showed that GxE interaction effects were significant on the panicle length, number of axis nodes, primary branches number, secondary branches number, tertiary branches number, number of grains per panicle, and grain density per primary branch. The results showed that the two environments in the rainy season produced higher primary branches number, secondary branches number, tertiary branches number, number of grain per panicle, and grain density per primary branch than the two environments in the dry season. Correlation and path analyses showed that panicle length, number of secondary branches, and grain density per primary branch had a significant and direct positive effect on the number of grains per panicle.
Keywords: primary branches, panicle length, secondary branches, tertiary branche
Agroecology and Uses of Galinsoga parviflora as Indigenous Vegetable in Highland of Kuningan, Banjarnegara and Wonosobo, Indonesia
Get PDFMondreng (Galinsoga parviflora Cav.) adalah gulma kosmopolitan dan secara tradisional digunakan sebagai sayuran di dataran tinggi Jawa. Penelitian bertujuan mengevaluasi agroekologi dan pemanfaatan G. parviflora sebagai sayuran indigenous di Jawa. Penelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten Kuningan, Banjarnegara, dan Wonosobo dari Juni 2015 hingga Juli 2017. Peta distribusi diambil dari penelusuran lapangan, wawancara, dan studi literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada dua spesies Galinsoga berdasarkan daun dan batang, yaitu G. parviflora dan G. quadriradiata. G. parviflora merupakan sayuran di Kabupaten Banjarnegara dan Wonosobo, tetapi tidak di Kabupaten Kuningan. Galinsoga termasuk satu dari 13 jenis sayuran tradisional; pucuk muda dengan bunga dikonsumsi setelah dimasak atau direbus, dan kadang-kadang digunakan sebagai diuretik. Sayuran Galinsoga berkontribusi rendah terhadap rumah tangga, namun peranannya dalam hubungan sosial antar tetangga relatif penting. Perlu dilakukan studi kandungan nutrisi untuk meningkatkan pemanfaatannya.
Kata kunci: Asteraceae, Dieng, gulma, jukut saminggu, mondrengGallant soldier (Galinsoga parviflora Cav.) is a cosmopolitan weed and is traditionally used as a vegetable in Java highland. The study aimed to evaluate agroecology and uses of G. parviflora as an indigenous vegetable in Java. Researches were conducted in Kuningan, Banjarnegara, and Wonosobo districts from June 2015 to July 2017. The distribution map was drawn from field tracks, interviews, and literature studies. Results revealed two Galinsoga species based on leaf and stem shape, i.e., G. parviflora and G. quadriradiata. Only G. parviflora was selected as a vegetable in Banjarnegara and Wonosobo, but not in Kuningan district. It ranked seventh among 13 traditional vegetables; young shoot with inflorescences was consumed after cooking or boiling, and sometimes used as a diuretic. Although it contributed low to household diet, however, its position on the social relationship among neighbors was important. The wide distribution range of Galinsoga in Java is potential as a new vegetable. It is important to study the nutrient content of this vegetable to improve utilization.
Keywords: Asteraceae, Dieng, gallant soldier, jukut saminggu, wee
Radiosensitivitas dan Pertumbuhan In Vitro Protocorm Anggrek ‘Tien Soeharto’ (Cymbidium hartinahianum J.B. Comber & R.E. Nasution)
Get PDFC. hartinahianum J.B. Comber & R.E. Nasution merupakan salah satu jenis anggrek endemik di Sumatera Utara. Habitatnya terbatas di dataran tinggi dengan suhu rendah. Habitat alami tersebut sudah banyak dikonversi untuk penggunaan lainnya. Induksi radiasi sinar gamma merupakan metode alternatif untuk mendapatkan tanaman mutan toleransi terhadap kondisi suhu yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui radiosensitivitas protocorm C. hartinahianum J.B. Comber & R.E. Nasution terhadap iradiasi sinar gamma dan pertumbuhan PLBs di suhu ruang kultur yang berbeda. Protocorm diiradiasi dalam kisaran dosis iradiasi 0, 5, 10, 15, dan 20 Gy, kemudian separoh populasi protocorm pasca iradiasi diinkubasi dalam ruang kultur dengan suhu 16-18 oC dan separoh yang lain di suhu 22-27 oC, untuk mengevaluasi radiosentitivitas dan pertumbuhannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa LD20 dan LD50 protocorm di ruang kultur bersuhu 16-18 oC adalah 26.98 Gy dan 38.24, sementara LD20 dan LD50 protocorm pada ruang kultur bersuhu 22-27 oC adalah 17.08 Gy dan 27.29 Gy. Proliferasi PLBs dan morfogenesis tunas C. hartinahianum lebih baik pada ruang kultur dengan suhu 22-27 oC. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa re-iradiasi sinar gamma sebaiknya dilakukan pada LD20 atau LD50 dari ruang kultur dengan suhu 22-27 oC yaitu sebesar 17.08 Gy dan 27.29 Gy, untuk mendapatkan mutan putatif C. hartinahianum.
Kata kunci: dosis letal, induksi mutasi in vitro, iradiasi sinar gamma, multiplikasi, protocorm like bodies (PLBs)C. hartinahianum J.B. Comber & R.E. Nasution is an endemic orchid in North Sumatra. The habitat of C. hartinahianum is restricted in highland with low temperature. Most of its natural habitat has been shifted to other land use. Induced mutation using gamma-ray irradiation is an alternative method to obtain the orchid mutant with better vigor and tolerance to higher temperatures. This study aimed to evaluate C. hartinahianum protocorm’s radiosensitivity to gamma irradiation and evaluate irradiated protocorm growth in two different temperature culture rooms. The protocorms were exposed to 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 Gy of gamma irradiation. A half number of irradiated protocorm were incubated at 16-18 oC and a half another at 22-27 oC culture room temperature to evaluate their radiosensitivity and growth. The result showed that the LD20 and LD50 of protocorm cultured in 16-18 oC were 26.98 Gy and 38.24, while the LD20 and LD50 of protocorm cultured in 22-27 oC were at 17.08 Gy and 27.29 Gy. Protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) proliferation and shoot morphogenesis were better in the tissue culture room at 22-27oC. This experiment suggested that the re-irradiation of PLBS could be performed at the LD20 or LD50 at 22-27 oC culture room (17.08 Gy and 27.29 Gy) to find a putative mutant of C. hartinahianum.
Keywords: gamma rays irradiation, in vitro mutation induction, multiplication, lethal-dose, protocorm like bodies (PLBs
Tanggap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Jagung terhadap Waktu Tanam yang Berbeda
Get PDFDetermination of the appropriate sowing date can reduce the negative impact of the low water availability and solar radiation in the growth phase and yield of maize. This research aimed to (1) determine the effective sowing date to get the optimal solar radiation, water, and yields, (2) determine the appropriate varieties for the sowing date to optimize the utilization of radiation and water. The experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Technology Assessment Station (BPTP) Naibonat, NTT from February to July 2019. The three-factor factorial experiment using a split-split plot design. The main plot, namely three sowing dates were 26 February 2019, 12 March 2019, and 26 March 2019. The subplots, namely three varieties of maize consisted of Pena muti m’naes, Lamuru, and Pioneer-36. The sub-sub plot, namely 2 levels of watering consisting of not watered and watered. The results showed that the sowing date of 12 March 2019, was the appropriate sowing date and corresponding with the level of availability of water and solar radiation with more efficient use and higher levels of solar radiation interception to provide Pioneer-36 production of 8.47 tons ha-1, which was better than the production of Local and Lamuru varieties of maize at other sowing dates. This is supported by the synchronized responses of both source capacity (leaf area) and sink capacity (ear size).
Keywords: leaf area index, production, varieties, wateringPenentuan waktu tanam yang tepat dapat mengurangi dampak negatif dari rendahnya ketersediaan air dan radiasi matahari pada fase pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman jagung. Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) menentukan waktu tanam dan varietas jagung yang dapat menyelaraskan pemanfaatan radiasi matahari dan ketersediaan air (2) mengetahui pengaruh penyiraman terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman jagung. Lokasi penelitian bertempat di Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP) Naibonat, NTT pada bulan Februari-Juli 2019. Percobaan faktorial tiga faktor menggunakan rancang split-split plot. Petak utama waktu penanaman terdiri dari tanggal 26 Februari 2019, tanggal 12 Maret 2019, tanggal 26 Maret 2019. Anak petak yaitu varietas Pena muti m’naes, Lamuru, dan Pioneer-36. Anak-anak petak yaitu 2 taraf penyiraman yang terdiri dari tidak disiram dan disiram. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan waktu tanam tanggal 12 Maret 2019 merupakan waktu tanam yang tepat dan sesuai dengan tingkat ketersediaan air dan radiasi matahari yang cukup dengan penggunaan yang lebih efisien dan tingkat intersepsi radiasi matahari yang lebih tinggi memberikan produksi jagung Pioneer-36 sebesar 8.47 ton ha-1 yang lebih baik dibandingkan produksi jagung varietas Lokal dan Lamuru pada waktu tanam lainnya. Hal tersebut didukung oleh adanya keselarasan tanggap kapasitas source (luas daun) dan kapasitas sink (ukuran tongkol).
Kata kunci:indeks luas daun, penyiraman, produksi, varieta
Pengaruh Osmopriming Benih terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Morfofisiologi Tanaman Kangkung Darat (Ipomoea reptans Poir) pada Cekaman Kekeringanngkung Darat (Ipomoea reptans Poir) pada Kondisi Kekeringan
No full textCekaman kekeringan merupakan salah satu faktor penghambat dalam budidaya tanaman kangkung darat (Ipomoea reptans Poir). Salah satu solusi dalam mengatasi masalah tersebut adalah melalui teknik osmopriming benih. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh osmopriming benih terhadap pertumbuhan dan morfofisiologi tanaman kangkung darat pada cekaman kekeringan. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan September 2015 sampai April 2016 di Laboratorium Fisiologi Tumbuhan dan FALITMA, UGM, Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan dua faktor perlakuan yaitu osmopriming benih (0%, 5%, 10%, dan 15% (w/v) PEG 6000) dan cekaman kekeringan (interval penyiraman 1, 3, dan 5 hari sekali). Peubah yang diamati adalah persentase berkecambah, kecepatan berkecambah, keserempakan berkecambah, panjang akar, bobot kering akar, bobot kering tajuk, kadar klorofil, serta kadar prolin. Analisis statistik meliputi sidik ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan uji jarak berganda duncan (DMRT) pada taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa osmopriming meningkatkan secara signifikan persentase berkecambah, kecepatan berkecambah, keserempakan berkecambah, panjang akar, bobot kering akar, bobot kering tajuk, dan kadar prolin dengan konsentrasi PEG 15%, serta meningkatkan secara signifikan kadar klorofil dengan konsentrasi PEG 10% pada cekaman kekeringan. Osmopriming benih efektif digunakan untuk mengatasi masalah cekaman kekeringan pada budidaya tanaman kangkung darat (Ipomoea reptans Poir).
Kata kunci: interval penyiraman, panjang akar, PEG 6000, persentase berkecambahDrought stress is one of the inhibiting factors in the cultivation of kangkoong (Ipomoea reptans Poir). Solutions to overcome that problems are seed osmopriming. This experiment aimed to investigate the effect of seed osmopriming on the growth and morphophysiological of kangkoong in drought stress. The experiment was conducted from September 2015 to April 2016 on the Plant Physiology Laboratory and FALITMA of UGM, Yogyakarta. This experiment used a randomized block design with two treatments, namely seed osmopriming (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% (w/v) PEG 6000) and drought stress (watering interval of 1, 3, and 5 days). The observation traits were germination percentage, germination rate, germination synchronization, root length, root dry weight, crown dry weight, leaf chlorophyll content, and leaf proline content. Statistical analysis included analyses of variance followed by DMRT at a confidence level of 95%. The results showed that a concentration of 15% PEG significantly increased germination percentage, germination rate, germination synchronization, root length, roots dry weight, crowns dry weight, leaves proline content, and concentration of 10% PEG significantly increased leaves chlorophyll content in drought stress. Seed osmopriming was effectively used to overcome drought stress problem on the cultivation of kangkoong.
Keywords: germination percentage, PEG 6000, root length, watering interva
Respon Pertumbuhan Tanaman Cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. Perr.) dengan Aplikasi Pupuk Organik-Anorganik dan Triakontanol
Get PDFApplication of right dosage of fertilizer and concentration of plant growth regulator are supporting factor of clove growth. This study was aimed to obtain the best combination of organic-inorganic fertilizer, the best triacontanol concentration and both interactions for increasing clove growth. This study used a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two factors. The first factor was the organic-inorganic fertilizer dosage package that consisted of 6 levels, i.e no fertilizer, 100% recommended dosage of inorganic fertilizer (r.d.i.f), 25% recommended dosage of organic fertilizer (r.d.o.f) + 75% r.d.i.f, 50% r.d.o.f + 50% r.d.i.f, 75% r.d.o.f + 25% r.d.i.f, 100% r.d.o.f. The second factor was the concentration of triacontanol that consisted of 3 levels, i.e no triacontanol, 2 mg L-1 and 4 mg L-1. The results showed that the application of 25% r.d.o.f + 75% r.d.i.f produced the best clove growth, but it was not significantly different from the combination treatment of the two other types of fertilizer as indicated by the greatest improvement on stem diameter, branches number, leaf area, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids. Clove plants did not respond to the application of triacontanol at a concentration of 2 mg L-1, but gave a negative response to the application of triacontanol 4 mg L-1 on the plant height and leaf area variables. The interaction of the two factors did not have significant effects on all variables.
Keywords: chlorophyll, morphology, nutrient dynamics, physiology, vegetative growth