Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy)
Not a member yet
996 research outputs found
Sort by
Seeds morphology, anatomy, and quality of Musa balbisiana and Musa acuminata after storage
Full text linkThe fluctuations in seed food reserves can trigger a cascade of physiological and biochemical events that ultimately manifest as discernible changes in seed morphology and anatomy. The purpose of this research was to evaluate seeds morphology, anatomy, and quality of Musa balbisiana “Klutuk NTT” and Musa acuminata “Sumatrana” accessions and their storability. Morphological evaluation included seed size and the weight of 100 grains. Anatomical evaluations were carried out for seed structure. The seed quality of the Klutuk NTT banana accessions was observed after being stored for 5, 25, and 41 months, while the Sumatrana banana accessions were observed after being stored for 5, 23, and 41 months. The Klutuk NTT seeds are sized 4 mm to 5.8 mm, while Sumatrana seeds are sized 4 mm to 5 mm. The Klutuk NTT and Sumatrana seeds had a seed coat, endosperm, embryo, micropyle, inner and outer integuments, chalazal, and operculum. The embryonic structure of both Klutuk NTT and Sumatrana seeds exhibited an inverted T-shape. After storage, the two accessions showed significant differences in moisture content, germination rate, vigor index, and seedling growth performance. The Klutuk NTT accessions demonstrated a significant increase in moisture content, germination rate, vigor index, and seedling emergence uniformity, suggesting improved seed performance after storage. In contrast, the Sumatrana accessions showed a significant decline in all measured parameters, except for moisture content. These results suggest that the Klutuk NTT accession may possess a physiological seed dormancy mechanism.
Keywords: Banana; germination; true seed; viability; vigo
Assessment of biodiversity risks in urban agriculture: Case of Jakarta, Indonesia
Full text linkUrban agriculture is a permanent and dynamic part of urban socio-economic and ecological systems. It uses typical urban resources, competes with other urban functions for land and water, is influenced by urban policies and plans, and contributes to urban social and economic development. To assess agricultural sustainability and predict future food security, it is essential to understand the relationship between farming systems and biodiversity. The research aimed to assess biodiversity risk in urban agriculture. This research employed a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative methods, and incorporated a field survey that involved collecting data from research and literature reviews. The field survey involved collecting data from research questionnaires distributed to respondents to determine their perceptions of biodiversity risks to flora and fauna resulting from urban agricultural activities. The results of the study showed that the p-value was greater than the alpha level (α = 0.05), indicating that urban agriculture in East Jakarta does not significantly affect biodiversity risks of flora and fauna.
Keywords: agripolitan; city greenery; conservation; East Jakarta; food securit
Biostimulant potential from seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) on rice seedling development
Full text linkSeaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) liquid extract contains hormones, and macro and micronutrients that might benefit plant growth and development. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a biostimulant liquid of seaweed extract on the vigor of rice seedlings. The research was conducted in the experimental field of the Faculty of Agriculture, Halu Oleo University, Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi. A factorial treatment design was conducted with a randomized block design. The first factor was the seedling method (wet sowing (S1) and dry sowing (S2)), and the second factor was six biostimulant concentrations (no biostimulant (K0), 0.8% (K1), 1.6% (K2), 2.4% (K3), 3.2% (K4), and 4.0% (K5)). The observed variables included seedling height, leaf area, number of tillers, root dry weight, and seedling dry weight. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, and DMRT at α = 0.05. The results showed that the wet sowing method produced better seedling vigor than the dry sowing method after 14 days. The wet sowing method combined with a 0.8% seaweed extract resulted in the highest seedling vigor. The present study concluded the biostimulant potential of seaweed extract for rice.
Keywords: Dry sowing; Oryza sativa; seedling vigor; sowing method; wet sowin
Improving edamame yield on peat soil via Rhizobium and soil amendment applications
Full text linkSoil amendment is a key factor in improving peat soil suitability for agriculture from the perspective of its fertility and quality. Red mud is potentially used as a peat soil ameliorant. The study aimed to evaluate red mud application as an ameliorant and application of Rhizobium on peat soil for growing edamame. The research was conducted at Tanjungpura University, Pontianak, from February to October 2024. A completely randomized design factorial was used to compile field experiments. The ameliorant factor consisted of 4 levels: control (dolomite 8 tons ha-1) and Red Mud of 10 tons ha-1, 15 tons ha-1, and 20 tons ha-1. The second factor was without and with Rhizobium. The application of Red Mud as an ameliorant increased pH, Na, and P2O5 levels and increased base saturation in peat soil. The Red Mud increased Na absorption in edamame tissues and increased pod yield. The highest edamame yield was reached with 20 tons ha-1 of red mud which was similar to with 8 tons ha-1 dolomite. Rhizobium has a role in supporting the formation of better root nodules.
Keywords: crop yield; microorganisms; red mud; soil chemistry; soybea
Growth and yield of basil (Ocimum sanctum L.) supplemented with liquid organic fertilizer from moringa leaves and chicken eggshells
Full text linkThis study examined the effects of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) derived from Moringa leaves and chicken eggshell fertilizer on basil (Ocimum sanctum L.) growth and yield. The experiment was conducted at Muhammadiyah University of Sidoarjo and arranged in a randomized block design with three replicates. The research incorporated two factors namely moringa leaf LOF at concentrations of 25, 50, and 75 mL L-1 and chicken eggshell powder at levels of 3, 6, and 9 g. The observation included plant height, leaf number, branches, root length, and fresh and dry weights. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test at a 5% significance level. Results revealed a significant interaction between LOF and eggshell treatments. The 25 mL L-1 LOF plus 3 g of eggshell fertilizer produced the best results in all growth parameters. This suggests that these organic fertilizers can effectively enhance basil growth. The findings emphasize the potential of combining organic fertilizers at certain levels to optimize basil growth and yield.
Keywords: basil growth; moringa extract; organic fertilize
In vitro growth of Coelogyne hybrid (Coelogyne pandurata x Coelogyne rumphii) on medium 2.4D and BAP
No full textCoelogyne is a genus of ornamental orchids renowned for its distinctive floral characteristics and high conservation and economic value, particularly Coelogyne pandurata, which is commonly referred to as a black orchid. Efforts in cultivating black orchids in vitro require media modification with the addition of growth regulators to optimize plant development. Growth regulators that can be used include auxins and cytokinins. This study evaluates the effects of 2.4D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ) and BAP on the in vitro growth and shoot proliferation of Coelogyne pandurata X Coelogyne rumphii hybrid seedlings. The experiment used a completely randomized design with two factors: 2,4-D and BAP, each with four concentration levels (0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 ppm), resulting in 16 treatment combinations. The variables observed were the percentage of callus formation, callus color, shoot number, root number, leaf number, and plant length. The results showed that the optimal callus growth was achieved with a combination of 2,4-D at 0.5 ppm and BAP at 0.5 ppm, resulting in 100% callus formation. The 2,4-D treatment yields the optimum results in terms of leaf numbers (23.56) and plant height (2.15 cm), while the 1.5 ppm BAP treatment achieves the optimum results in terms of leaf numbers (31) and shoot numbers (22.39).
Keywords: auxin; black orchid; callus; cytokinin; plant growth regulato
Response of jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis (L) DC) to potassium sources and application time
Full text linkJack bean or koro pedang is a potential source as a soybean substitute for food and feed. In production, the plant is also useful in crop rotation and intercropping to support sustainable agriculture systems. However, jack bean production in Indonesia is still challenging. One of the obstacles in the production is the flowers and pods dropping, which reduces yield markedly. This study aimed to evaluate the source and timing of additional potassium fertilizer on the generative phase and yield of jack bean. The experimental design used a randomized complete block design with two factors, i.e., the source of potassium fertilizer as the first factor consisting of five levels: no fertilizer application, base fertilizer, base fertilizer + goat manure, base fertilizer + rice husk ash, and base fertilizer + KCl. The second factor was fertilization time, i.e., at 46 and 121 days after planting. The treatment of the potassium fertilizer source and fertilization timing affected several generative characters, but did not have much effect on productivity. Future studies should identify other potassium fertilizer sources to find the optimal dose to support plants in the generative phase.
Keywords: additional potassium; flower drop; koro pedang; pod formatio
Analysis of drought stress tolerance in doubled haploid lines of green super rice at the vegetative stage
Full text linkCurrent climate change has caused drought in various regions, which has decreased rice yields. Green super rice (GSR) has the characteristic of being tolerant to water limitation. GSR lines were bred through anther culture technique to obtain doubled haploid (DH) plants. This study aimed to analyze the response of DH GSR lines to drought stress at the vegetative stage and identify potential lines based on the weighted selection index. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The materials used consisted of twenty DH lines, Inpari 42 Agritan GSR, and Inpari 18 as check varieties, Salumpikit as a drought-tolerant check, and IR 20 as a drought-sensitive check. Qualitative data were analyzed using the non-parametric Friedman test. The result showed different responses among the lines for leaf rolling, leaf drying, and recovery ability. Line SN14 exhibited moderate leaf drying and showed improvement to mild tolerance during the recovery phase. Nine lines (SN12, 14, 32, 40, 51, 57, 58, 59, and 60) were selected using a selection index based on leaf rolling, leaf drying, and recovery ability. These lines can be further tested for drought tolerance tests until the reproductive stage, and the tolerant lines could be useful for future development.
Keywords: abiotic stress; anther culture; climate change; selection index; water limitatio
Effect of row orientation and cowpea row numbers on sweet corn-cowpea intercropping
Full text linkIntercropping between sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. saccharata Sturt) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) can improve land productivity, but requires optimization of row orientation and cowpea row number. This study evaluated the effects of row orientation and cowpea row number on the growth, yield, and economic performance of sweet corn–cowpea intercropping. The experiment was conducted from June to September 2024 at the IPB experimental field in Sawah Baru, Bogor, Indonesia. A split-plot design with four replications was employed. The main plots consisted of two row orientations (North–South and East–West), while the sub-plots included maize monoculture, intercropping with one row, and two rows of cowpea. A significant interaction between row orientation and cowpea row number was observed on maize height, leaf number, and stem diameter at two weeks after planting. Although row orientation did not significantly affect maize and cowpea performance, the East–West orientation increased cowpea yield by 14.6% and reduced maize yield by 5.3% compared to the North–South orientation. The East–West orientation combined with one cowpea row produced the highest land equivalent ratio (LER = 1.93) and benefit–cost ratio (R/C = 1.45).
Keywords: LER, R/C ratio, aggressivity, competitive rati
Improving cassava growth and yield through auxin paste treatment on cuttings: A clonal comparison
Full text linkCassava is an important crop for carbohydrate production, primarily propagated through stem cuttings. Auxin has been proven for decades to be an effective material for increasing the rooting of cuttings. The combination of NAA and IBA is more effective than a single auxin and synergizes in promoting root growth. This study aimed to evaluate the growth and yield of cassava clones to different auxin concentrations of NAA+IBA mixture. The research used a randomized complete block design arranged in a factorial with 9 (3x3) treatments repeated 3 times. The first factor was the type of cassava clone, consisting of K1 = Garuda, K2 = Katsesart, and K3 = Roti, while the second factor was the concentration of NAA + IBA (1:1), namely A0 (0 ppm), A1 (1,000 ppm), and A2 (2,000 ppm). The results showed that clones responded differently to auxin concentration. Increasing the auxin concentration from 1,000 ppm to 2,000 ppm did not increase growth and yield, irrespective of clones. The application NAA + IBA (1:1) significantly increased fresh leaf weight, plant height, fresh stem weight, total number of roots, and number of storage roots as compared to the control at 8 months after planting (MAP). At 8 MAP, the Kasetsart clone produced higher growth and yield than Garuda and Roti clones, as indicated by the average plant height, total number of roots, and number of storage roots.
Keywords: hormone; IBA; Manihot esculenta; NAA; productio