Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy)
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Morpho-physiological Characterization and Genetic Diversity of Cocoyam Accessions (Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott)
Get PDFTalas kimpul (Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott) anggota Araceae merupakan salah satu sumber karbohidrat di daerah kering untuk ketahanan pangan. Hingga saat ini, kajian keragaman genetik kimpul untuk mendukung produktivitas dan kegiatan pemuliaan masih relatif terbatas. Penelitian bertujuan melakukan karakterisasi morfo-fisiologi dan mempelajari keragaman aksesi talas kimpul. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Desember 2018 sampai Juli 2019 di Kebun Percobaan Leuwikopo, IPB Bogor menggunakan tujuh aksesi talas kimpul koleksi Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi (BPPT) yakni S8, S22, S27, S29, S31, S32, dan S37. Aksesi dipelihara di bawah naungan paranet 50% dengan jarak tanam 50 cm x 50 cm. Analisis klaster menggunakan metode unweighted pair group method using arithmetic average (UPGMA). Penelitian menunjukkan adanya keragaman pada 31 dari 51 karakter morfologi dan fisiologi. Dari 31 peubah yang beragam, hanya 14 peubah yang memiliki nilai PIC ≥ 0.5. Warna tangkai daun bagian dalam dan kerapatan stomata merupakan karakter penting dalam karakterisasi kimpul karena memiliki keragaman yang paling tinggi. Pada taraf Aksesi mengelompok menjadi dua grup, Grup I beranggota aksesi S29, dan sisanya mengelompok pada Grup II. Grup II memiliki tiga subgrup yakni A (S8 dan S32), B (S22, S27, dan S31), dan C (S37). Aksesi S27 dan S31 memiliki tingkat kemiripan yang tinggi.
Kata kunci: Araceae, belitung, ketahanan pangan, lahan kering, perubahan iklimTania or cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott) is a member of Araceae; the cormels contain carbohydrate that is valuable in the food industry and to supports food security. However, information on the diversity in cocoyam accessions to support higher productivity and breeding program is still limited. The research aimed to characterize morpho-physiology and diversity of cocoyam accessions. The research was carried out from December 2018 to July 2019 at the Leuwikopo Experimental Farm, IPB Bogor. The research used seven accessions collected by the Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT) namely S8, S22, S27, S29, S31, S32, and S37. Accessions were maintained with a spacing of 50 cm x 50 cm under 50% shading net. Cluster analysis used the unweighted pair group method using the arithmetic average (UPGMA) method. The study showed that there was diversity in 31 of the 51 morphological and physiological characters. Of the 31 various variables, only 14 variables had a PIC value of more than 0.5. The color of the inner petiole and stomatal density were important characters in the characterization of cocoyam because it had the highest diversity. At the accession level, they were grouped into two groups, Group I had accession S29 members, and the rest were grouped into Group II. Group II had three subgroups, namely A (S8 and S32), B (S22, S27, and S31), and C (S37). Accessions S27 and S31 had a high degree of similarity.
Keywords: Araceae, climate change, dry land, food security, tanni
Evaluasi Metabolomik Mutan Putatif Bawang Putih (MV3) Hasil Iradiasi Gamma LD50
Get PDFPeningkatan keragaman genetik bawang putih dapat melalui pemuliaan mutasi buatan menggunakan sinar gamma. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh dosis iradiasi gamma pada LD50 terhadap pertumbuhan, produksi, dan kandungan senyawa metabolit generasi MV3 tiga genotipe bawang putih. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei sampai September 2020 di Kebun Percobaan Pasir Sarongge IPB. Percobaan terdiri atas enam populasi mutan bawang putih tanpa ulangan, yaitu Ciwidey 0 Gy , Ciwidey 6 Gy, Tawangmangu Baru 0 Gy, Tawangmangu Baru 8 Gy, Lumbu Kuning 0 Gy, Lumbu Kuning 10 Gy. Setiap populasi memiliki jumlah individu yang berbeda tergantung ketersediaan bahan tanam dari generasi sebelumnya. Total 364 tanaman yang diuji tersebut diamati pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman. Hasil penelitian paparan dosis LD50 pada semua genotipe bawang putih menurunkan diameter umbi, jumlah siung dibandingkan kontrol. Senyawa baru yang terdeteksi pada CW 6 Gy yaitu 2-Hexanol; 2-Hexanol, 3,4-dimethyl-; Cyclopentene, 1,2,3,3,4-pentamethyl-; Trisulfide, methyl 2-propenyl. Senyawa baru yang terdeteksi pada LK 10 Gy yaitu Butyl isobutyl phthalate; 2-Pentanol, 2-methyl-; Ether, 2-chloro-1-methylethyl isopropyl; Hentriacontane; Isoamyl lactate. Senyawa baru yang terdeteksi pada TMB 8 Gy yaitu; Cyclopentene, 1,2,3,3,4-pentamethyl-; Decane; 3-Vinyl-1,2-dithiacyclohex-4-ene; Diallyl disulphide.
Kata kunci: allicin, antimikroba, GC-MS, metabolomik, mutanThe increase in the genetic diversity of garlic can be through artificial mutation breeding using gamma rays. The aim of the experiment was to study the effect of gamma irradiation LD50 dose on growth, production, and content of metabolites of the MV3 generation of garlic genotypes. The research was carried out from May to September 2020 at the Pasir Sarongge Experimental Garden, IPB. The experiment consisted of six mutant populations of garlic genotypes without replication, namely Ciwidey 0 Gy, Ciwidey 6 Gy, Tawangmangu Baru 0 Gy, Tawangmangu Baru 8 Gy, Lumbu Kuning 0 Gy, Lumbu Kuning 10 Gy. Each population had a different number of individuals depending on the availability of planting material from the previous generation. A total of 364 plants were planted in the field for observation of plant growth and production. The results showed that exposure to LD50 doses in all genotypes of garlic decreased tuber diameter and number of cloves compared to controls. The new compounds detected at CW 6 Gy were 2-Hexanol; 2-Hexanol,3,4-dimethyl-; Cyclopentene,1,2,3,3,4-pentamethyl; Trisulfide,methyl2-propyl. New compounds detected in LK 10 Gy are Butyl isobutyl phthalate; 2-Pentanol, 2-methyl-; Ether,2-chloro-1-methylethyl isopropyl; Hentricontane; Isoamyllactate. New compounds detected in 8 Gy TMB; Cyclopentene, 1,2, 3,3,4-pentamethyl-; Decane; 3-Vinyl-1,2-dithiacyclohex-4-ene; Diallyl disulphide.
Keywords: allicin, antimicrobial, GC-MS, metabolomics, mutan
Mikromorfologi dan Perkecambahan In Vitro Biji Anggrek Endemik Sulawesi: Phalaenopsis venosa Shim & Fowlie
Get PDFPhalaenopsis venosa Shim & Fowlie adalah anggrek endemik Sulawesi terancam punah sehingga perlu dilakukan upaya konservasi. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui mikromorfologi dan media perkecambahan in vitro untuk mendukung upaya konservasi P. venosa. Biji P. venosa dipanen pada enam bulan setelah penyerbukan dan disimpan di freezer pada suhu -4 °C selama sembilan bulan. Pengamatan mikromorfologi menggunakan mikroskop cahaya OPTIKA M-699. Biji P. venosa memiliki panjang 91.99±17.73 µm, lebar 20.64 ±4.34 µm; serta embrio dengan panjang 52.27±12.13 µm, lebar 16.72±3.42 µm, dan rongga udara 13.25% ± 11.65%. Pengujian perkecambahan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan satu faktor, yaitu enam macam media, dan enam ulangan. Media perkecambahan yang diujikan yaitu Hyponex modifikasi (HS), Vacin & Went modifikasi (mVW), Knudson’s C modifikasi (mKC), Knudson’s C (KCA), Murashige & Skoog setengah konsentrasi (1/2MS), dan Murashige & Skoog (MS). Tingkat perkecambahan tertinggi pada 12 minggu setelah tanam (12 MST) terdapat pada media HS (70.52%) dengan rata-rata 14.35 biji berkecambah. Perkembangan protokorm di media HS lebih lambat dibandingkan perkembangan protokorm di media 1/2MS yang menunjukkan pembentukan rhizoid dan pucuk daun. Hal itu karena media 1/2MS lebih kaya nutrisi dibandingkan dengan media HS.
Kata kunci: media perkecambahan, mikromorfologi biji, OrchidaceaePhalaenopsis venosa Shim & Fowlie, one of Sulawesi’s endemic orchid species, is threatened to extinction, hence require conservation efforts. Capsules of P. venosa were harvested six months after pollination. Seeds were stored in the freezer at -4 °C for nine months. Micromorphology was observed using a light microscope OPTIKA M-699. The seeds of P. venosa were 91.99±17.73 µm long and 20.64 ±4.34 µm wide, containing embryos 52.27±12.13 µm long and 16.72±3.42 µm wide, and the air space was 13.25%±11.65%. The experiment used a completely randomized design with one factor, namely six media and six replications. Media for germination including modified Hyponex (HS), modified Vacin & Went (mVW), modified Knudson’s C (mKC), Knudson’s C (KCA), Murashige & Skoog half concentration (1/2MS), and Murashige & Skoog (MS). The highest germination rate at 12 weeks after planting (12 WAP) was found in HS (70.52%). The average number of seeds germinating in HS at 12 WAP was 14.35 seeds, but the development of protocorms was slower compared to 1/2MS, which showed the development of rhizoid and leaf primordia. This is due to the higher nutritional content of 1/2MS compared to HS.
Keywords: germination media, Orchidaceae, seed micromorphology
 
Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Jagung Manis pada Berbagai Populasi Gulma Chloris barbata (Poaceae)
Get PDFRumput cakar ayam (Chloris barbata Sw.) merupakan gulma dominan pada pertanaman jagung di Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) yang masih jarang diteliti. Penelitian bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh populasi C. barbata pada tanaman jagung manis. Penelitian dilakukan pada Oktober 2019 sampai Januari 2020 di Kebun IPB Cikabayan, Bogor, Indonesia menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan lima ulangan. Benih jagung ditanam pada lima populasi C. barbata yaitu 0 (tanpa gulma), 15, 30, 45, dan 60 individu per polibag berukuran 30 cm x 30 cm yang diisi media 5 kg. Biji gulma diperoleh dari lahan petani di Kabupaten Kupang, NTT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gulma memengaruhi pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman jagung. Kehadiran gulma menekan tinggi dan bobot kering (BK) tanaman jagung mulai 4 minggu setelah tanam (MST). Pada 4 MST, populasi 15 individu menekan tinggi tanaman dan 30 individu menekan BK total tanaman jagung. Populasi 15 individu menekan diameter batang, luas dan lebar daun, kehijauan daun, dan BK total tanaman jagung, sedangkan jumlah dan panjang daun menurun oleh perlakuan 30 individu pada 8 MST. Bobot tongkol dengan dan tanpa klobot, serta panjang tongkol berkurang oleh perlakuan 45 individu per polibag yakni menjadi sebesar 48.3%, 49.0%, dan 77.7% relatif terhadap kontrol. Perlu penelitian lebih lanjut mekanisme penghambatan C. barbata pada tanaman jagung.
Kata kunci: alelopati, jagung, kompetisi, Nusa Tenggara Timur, rumput cakar ayamPurpletop chloris (Chloris barbata Sw.) is a dominant weed on maize field in East Nusa Tenggara (ENT), but study on the effect onto maize is rare. The study evaluated the effect of C. barbata on growth and yield of sweet corn. The seed of C. barbata was obtained from farmer field in Kupang Regency, ENT. Experiment was conducted in October 2019 to January 2020 at Cikabayan Experimental IPB Farm, Bogor-Indonesia using a randomized complete block design with five replications. Sweet corn seeds were planted at polybag sized 30 cm x 30 cm filled with 5 kg media with five levels of C. barbata seeds, i.e., 0 (clean weeding), 15, 30, 45, and 60. The results showed that C. barbata suppressed the growth and yield of sweet corn. It suppressed the height and dry weight (DW) at 4 weeks after planting (WAP) where the population of 15 individuals decreased plant height and 30 individuals suppressed the total DW at 8 WAP. A population of 15 individuals reduced stem diameter, leaf area and width, leaf color, and total DW, while the leaf number and its length were significantly reduced by the treatment of 30 individuals per polybag. The weight of the corn with and without husk, and the length of the cobs reduced by the treatment of 45 individuals, i.e., 48.3%, 49.0%, and 77.7% relative to the control, respectively. Inhibition mechanism of C. barbata on sweet corn growth and yield needs further research.
Keywords: allelopathy, competition, corn, East Nusa Tenggara, purpletop chlori
Postharvest Losses of NOR Tomato Fruit Line MA 131-6-3 Treated by Ethephon and Calcium Carbide
Get PDFTEthephon dan kalsium karbida adalah senyawa pematangan buatan yang sering digunakan untuk mempercepat pematangan buah selama pascapanen. Kedua senyawa ini diinduksi pada buah tomat galur non-ripening (NOR) MA 131-6-3 karena menghasilkan etilen endogen dan respirasi yang lebih rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ethephon dan kalsium karbida terhadap kerugian pascapanen tomat NOR selama 14 dan 28 hari setelah perlakuan. Aplikasi eksogen dari 1,500 ppm ethephon dan 15 g kg-1 kalsium karbida diberikan pada buah tomat NOR galur MA 131-6-3 dan kondisi lingkungan pada suhu 28.08±1.80 °C dan kelembaban relatif 75.67±2.09%. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Sidoarum, Kecamatan Godean, Kabupaten Sleman, Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia, pada ketinggian 125 m di atas permukaan laut. Hasilnya, ethephon dapat meningkatkan pembusukan buah tomat. Selanjutnya, kalsium karbida dapat mempercepat metabolisme yang berdampak pada susut bobot, mengubah warna menjadi kekuningan (b*), meningkatkan warna cerah (chroma), tetapi warna buah tomat tidak dapat menjadi merah.Kata kunci: kematangan buah, kualitas buah, pascapanen, total asam tertitrasi, total padatan terlarutEthephon and calcium carbide are artificial ripening compounds that are often used to faster fruit ripening during postharvest. These two compounds were induced in non-ripening (NOR) tomato fruit line MA 131-6-3 because it produced endogenous ethylene and lower respiration. This study aimed to determine the effect of ethephon and calcium carbide on postharvest losses of NOR tomatoes for 14 and 28 days after treatment. Exogenous application of 1,500 ppm ethephon and 15 g kg-1 was given to NOR tomato fruit of line MA 131-6-3 and ambient conditions at temperature 28.08±1.80 °C and relative humidity 75.67±2.09%. This experiment was carried out in Sidoarum village, Godean district, Sleman regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta province, Indonesia, in 125 m above sea level. As a result, ethephon can increase fruit rotting. Furthermore, calcium carbide can accelerate metabolism which has an impact on physiological loss in weight, changing color to yellowish (b*), increasing vivid color (chroma), but the color of tomato fruit cannot turn red.
Keywords: fruit ripening, fruit quality, postharvest, total soluble solids, total titratable acidit
Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Introduced Golden Rice F8 Lines to Blast and Bacterial Leaf Blight Diseases
Get PDFGolden rice merupakan padi yang di dalam endosperma bijinya memiliki kandungan β-karoten atau provitamin A. Beberapa upaya telah dilakukan untuk meningkatkan ketahanannya terhadap penyakit blas dan hawar daun bakteri (HDB). Hasil pemuliaan Golden rice telah mendapatkan turunan ke 8 (F8) yang bersifat stabil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkarakterisasi agromorfologi dan genotipe galur padi introduksi Golden rice F8 PAC Nagdong/IR36/IR64. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Agroteknologi, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Jember. Benih yang digunakan yaitu tiga galur padi intorduksi Golden rice F8 PAC Nagdong/IR36/IR64 dengan kode 302/IR-2-2(6)/1, 302/IR-2-2(7)/2, 302/IR-2-2(8)/1 serta varietas IR36 dan IR64 sebagai tanaman kontrol. Analisis genotipe meliputi gen Pik-s, Pi54, Pi-ta, Xa4 dan Xa7. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakter agromorfologi pada seluruh galur Golden rice untuk karakter tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan dan jumlah anakan produktif tidak berbeda nyata. Tinggi tanaman Golden rice termasuk dalam kategori semidwarf, jumlah anakan >24.6 dengan anakan produktif mencapai lebih dari 85%, panjang malai antara 20.09-20.85 cm, dan bobot per rumpun mencapai 42.94 g serta seluruh galur Golden rice memiliki gen pengkode sifat tahan terhadap penyakit blas dan HDB.
Kata kunci: β-karoten, galur, HDB, introduksi, markaGolden rice contains β-carotene or provitamin A in the seed endosperm. Various attempts have been made to improve the resistance of Golden rice against leaf blast and bacterial blight diseases. Breeding and selection have been done and obtained several stable F8 breeding lines. This study aimed to elucidate the agromorphological characteristics and genotype of Golden rice F8 lines of PAC Nagdong/IR36/IR64. The experiment were using F8 lines of Golden rice PAC Nagdong/IR36/IR64 with the code of 302/IR-2-2(6)/1, 302/IR-2-2(7)/2, 302/IR-2-2(8)/1, along with IR36 and IR64 varieties as the controls. Genotype analysis was performed to confirm the introgression of genes Pik-s, Pi54, Pi-ta, Xa4, and Xa7. This study showed that the Golden rice lines had relatively similar height as semidwarf, tiller numbers per plant > 24.6 with productive tillers of more than 85%, panicle lengths between 20.09-20.85 cm, and grain yield of 42.94 g per plant. All Golden rice lines have the targeted resistance genes to blast and bacterial leaf blight.
Keywords: β-carotene, introduction, marker, progen
Optimum Nitrogen Fertilizer Dosage for Composite and Hybrid Varieties of Maize
Get PDFJagung di Indonesia perlu ditingkatkan produktivitasnya, diantaranya dengan penggunaan varietas unggul dan pemupukan yang tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan dosis pupuk nitrogen yang optimum untuk pertumbuhan dan hasil jagung komposit dan hibrida. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan petak terbagi dengan varietas sebagai petak utama dan dosis pupuk nitrogen sebagai anak petak. Dua varietas jagung, Bisma (komposit) dan Pioneer 27 (hibrida) ditanam dan dipupuk dengan nitrogen dengan dosis 0, 67.5, 135, 202.5, dan 270 kg ha-1. Peningkatan dosis nitrogen hingga 270 kg ha-1 secara linier meningkatkan biomassa total, bobot tongkol dengan kelobot, bobot tongkol tanpa kelobot, diameter tongkol, bobot biji per tongkol, dan bobot biji per plot. Tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, dan panjang tongkol menunjukkan respon kuadratik dengan dosis nitrogen optimum masing-masing 167.7, 174.0, dan 221.6 kg ha-1. Dosis 221.6 kg N ha-1 merupakan dosis optimum untuk mencapai produktivitas tinggi pada kedua varietas tersebut.
Kata kunci: bobot biomassa, bobot tongkol, diameter tongkol, dosis optimum, produktivitasMaize productivity in Indonesia needs to be increased, including using superior varieties and proper fertilization. The study aimed to determine the optimum nitrogen fertilizer dose for the growth and yield of composite and hybrid maize. The experiment used a split-plot design with varieties as the main plot and the dose of nitrogen fertilizer as the sub-plots. Two maize varieties of Bisma (composite) and Pioneer 27 (hybrid) were grown and fertilized with nitrogen at 0, 67.5, 135, 202.5, and 270 kg ha-1. The increasing nitrogen dose up to 270 kg ha-1 linearly significantly increased total biomass, ear weight with husk, ear weight without husk, ear diameter, seed weight per ear, and weight of seed per plot. Plant height, number of leaves, and ear length showed a quadratic response to the dose of nitrogen with an optimum of 167.7, 174.0, and 221.6 kg ha-1, respectively. The nitrogen dose of 221.6 kg ha-1 is optimum to achieve high productivity for both varieties.
Keywords: biomass weight, ear weight, ear diameter, optimum dose, productivit
Agro-ecology Characteristic and Diversity of Fruit Tree Species as Street Greenery in Bandung City
No full textDi Indonesia, tren penggunaan pohon buah sebagai tanaman penghijauan di perkotaan terus meningkat. Di sisi lain, karakterisasi agro-ekologi pohon buah sebagai tanaman penghijauan di perkotaan masih belum teridentifikasi dengan baik, termasuk faktor pembatas yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan tanaman. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik agro-ekologi dan keragaman pohon buah sebagai tanaman penghijauan di pinggir jalan. Pemilihan objek pengamatan dalam penelitian ini adalah keragaman tanaman penghijauan yang ada di pinggir jalan Kota Bandung dengan metode transek mengikuti jalur jalan kendaraan. Secara umum, ditemukan 23 spesies tanaman penghijauan di pinggir jalan dengan 14 tanaman adalah pohon buah. Indeks keragaman Shannon-Wiener’s (H’) tanaman penghijauan pinggir jalan yakni 1.29-1.94 termasuk keragaman sedang. Indeks dominansi Simpson (C) berkisar antara 0.18-0.48, menunjukkan tidak ada jenis tanaman yang mendominasi pada setiap segmen jalan. Pohon kersen dapat ditemukan pada seluruh tipe jalan yang diamati, mengindikasikan pohon buah ini secara sengaja ditanam sebagai tanaman penghijauan pinggir jalan. Kajian lanjut pada 14 pohon buah di 11 ruas jalan menunjukkan faktor pembatas utama yang dihadapi adalah bawah pohon sebagai tempat usaha, kabel melintang di atas pohon, dan lokasi akar sempit. Asesmen risiko pohon buah secara keseluruhan tidak ditemukan tingkat risiko tinggi. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa pohon buah yang teridentifikasi laik dipertimbangkan sebagai tanaman penghijauan pinggir jalan dengan kajian lanjut berkaitan dengan karakteristik morfologi dan kesesuaian fungsi tanaman.
Kata kunci: ketahanan pangan, kota cerdas, kota hutan, tanaman multi fungsiThe trend of using fruit trees as green plants in urban areas continues to increase in Indonesia. On the other hand, the agroecology of fruit trees as greenery in urban areas is still not well identified, including limiting factors that affect plant growth. The aim of the study was to identify agroecology characteristics and diversity of fruit tree species as street greenery. The objects of observation in this study were the diversity of fruit trees along the road in Bandung using the transect method following the vehicle’s path. In general, 23 species of street greenery were found consisting of 14 species were fruit trees. The Shannon-Wiener’s diversity index (H’) of street greenery was 1.29-1.94 which indicated medium diversity. The Simpson dominance index (C) ranged from 0.18 to 0.48 means that there were no dominant plant species on each road. Calabur trees can be found on all types of roads, indicating that this fruit tree has been intentionally planted as street greenery. Further studies on 14 fruit trees on 11 road sections showed that the main limiting factors of the tree growth were citizens used sites below the canopy to run informal businesses, canopy interfered with cables of city utilities, and roots situated in narrow growing spaces. The overall fruit trees risk assessment did not find a high level of risk. Based on the results, it was concluded that fruit trees can be considered as street greenery; however, it needs further studies related to morphological characteristics and plant suitability based on designed functions.
Keywords: food security, urban forest, multi-functional plants, smart cit
Adaptation Test of Shallot Proliga Technology (Double Production) in Highland Majalengka
Get PDFPenggunaan biji TSS (true shallot seed) dalam teknologi budidaya produksi lipat ganda (Proliga) bawang merah telah dikembangkan oleh Badan Litbang Pertanian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji kelayakan teknis dan ekonomi teknologi Proliga bawang merah di dataran tinggi. Penelitian dilaksanakan secara partisipatif pada lahan petani seluas 1000 m2 di Kecamatan Argapura, Kabupaten Majalengka (1,000-1,200 mdpl) pada bulan April-Agustus 2019. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan tiga perlakuan dan tujuh ulangan. Perlakuan pertama Trisula biji dengan Proliga, kedua Lokananta biji dengan Proliga dan ketiga Bali Karet umbi dengan teknologi petani. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produktivitas bawang merah asal biji Trisula dan Lokananta dengan teknologi Proliga masing-masing sebesar 33.9 ton ha-1 dan 40.17 ton ha-1 sedangkan Bali Karet umbi dengan teknologi petani sebesar 19.5 ton ha-1. Analisis ekonomi terhadap biaya persemaian menunjukkan bahwa teknologi Proliga bawang merah dapat menghemat biaya benih hingga 43% dan R/C rasio Proliga bawang merah lebih tinggi dibandingkan cara petani (R/C Proliga Trisula, Proliga Lokananta, dan cara petani masing-masing sebesar 2.83, 3.35, dan 1.76). Teknologi Proliga bawang merah asal biji secara teknis maupun ekonomi layak dikembangkan khususnya pada dataran tinggi karena produktivitasnya yang tinggi dan menguntungkan petani.
Kata kunci: analisis ekonomi, biji bawang merah, kelayakan ekonomis, kelayakan teknis, produktivitasThe use of true shallot seed (TSS) in the double production (Proliga) cultivation technology of shallots has been developed by the Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development. The research was carried out in a participatory on 1,000 m2 of farmers’ land in Argapura District, Majalengka Regency (1,000-1,200 masl) in April-August 2019. The experiment used a randomized block design with three treatments and seven replications. The treatments were the Trisula seed with Proliga, Lokananta seed with Proliga, and Bali Karet tuber with the farmer’s method. The results showed that shallot productivity from Trisula and Lokananta seed with Proliga technology were 33.9 and 40.17 ton ha-1, respectively, while the productivity of Bali Karet tubers, with farmer’s technology, was 19.5 ton ha-1. Economic analysis of the seedbed on shallot Proliga technology was able to save seed costs up to 43% and the R/C ratio of shallot Proliga was higher than the farmer’s method. The technology of shallot Proliga from seed is technically and economically feasible to be developed, especially in the highlands because of its high productivity and benefit to farmers.
Keywords: economic analysis, shallot seeds, economic feasibility, technical feasibility, productivit
Genetic Analysis in an F2 Population Derived from Indonesian Local Sorghum with New Superior Variety
Get PDFAnalisis genetik dan pola pewarisan pada karakter agronomi dan hasil diperlukan dalam merencanakan program pemuliaan dan seleksi yang akan dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi mengenai keragaan agronomi dan hasil, aksi gen, keragaman genetik dan heritabilitas pada populasi F2 hasil persilangan varietas lokal dengan varietas berdaya hasil tinggi. Penelitian dilaksanakan dari bulan Agustus-November 2021 di Dramaga, Bogor. Material genetik yang digunakan adalah populasi F2, tetua betina dan jantan serta sepuluh genotipe pembanding. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan karakter kualitatif pada F2 cenderung lebih mirip tetua betina. Karakter hari berbunga, tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, panjang daun, panjang dan diameter malai, bobot malai basah dan kering dikendalikan oleh sedikit gen dengan aksi gen aditif. Karakter jumlah dan lebar daun serta bobot biji per malai dikendalikan oleh aksi gen epistasis komplementer. Bobot basah dan kering malai berkorelasi positif (0.9 dan 0.95) dengan bobot biji per malai dengan nilai h2bs (0%). Karakter panjang dan diameter malai dapat digunakan untuk seleksi tidak langsung karena kedua karakter berkorelasi positif (0.67 dan 0.7) dengan bobot biji per malai serta memiliki h2bs tinggi (90 dan 80%).
Kata kunci: aksi gen, keragaman, produktivitas, varietas lokalGenetic analysis and inheritance patterns studies on agronomic and yield characters were required to develop a plant breeding program. This study aimed to obtain information on agronomic and yield performance, gene action, genetic diversity, and heritability in the F2 population derived from crosses of local and high-yielding varieties. The study was conducted in August-November 2021 in Dramaga, Bogor. The F2 sorghum population, female and male parents, and also ten check genotypes were used in this study. The results showed qualitative characters in the F2 population indicated the female parent trait was strongly inherited in F2. A few genes controlled the quantitative characters via additive gene action for days to flowering, plant height, stem diameter, leaf length, panicle length and diameter, also wet and dry panicle weight. Meanwhile, the leaf number and width, also grain weight per panicle were controlled by complementary epistasis. The wet and dry panicle weight had a significant positive correlation (0.9 and 0.95) with grain weight per panicle although there had low h2bs (0%). Panicle length and diameter could be used as indirect selection characters because of their significant positive correlation (0.67 and 0.7) to grain yield and high h2bs (90 and 80%).
Keywords: gene action, local variety, productivity, varianc