Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy)
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Genetic variability and stability analysis of chili in three environments
Full text linkChili is an important vegetable crop consumed by most Indonesian people. Chili production is affected by the limited varieties and low adaptability to growing in different environments. This study aimed to identify the variability of 22 chili pepper on morphology, the genotype x environment interaction, and the stability of 10 chili pepper genotypes in 3 different environments. The study was conducted from July 2020 to February 2022 in Sleman DIY, Bogor, and Blitar. The experimental design used a single-factor randomized complete block design, each consisting of three replicates. The genotypes evaluated were HCR 17-003, HCR 17-004, HCR 17-007, HCR 17-008, HCR17-012, HCR 17-013, HCR 17-014, HCR 17-017, F7-1, F7-2, F7-3, Ca011, Ca013, Ca020, Ca021, Cf002, Cf005, Cf007, Cf010, Cf015, Bonita, and Loblita. Ten genotypes were evaluated in stability analysis, i.e., PKHT A, PKHT B, Bara, Genie, Centil, PKHT C, PKHT D, Bonita, Sona, and Tunduk. The biplot analysis for genetic diversity study showed a total diversity was 40.5% for the two main components. The genotype x environment interaction had a significant effect on productivity. PKHT C and Sona were identified as stable based on the Francis-Kannenberg method. PKHT C, Sona, PKHT B, and Bonita were stable based on the Wricke method. PKHT A and Bonita were stable based on Finlay-Wilkilson methods. PKHT B, PKHT C, Sona, and Bonita were identified as stable based on the AMMI method. The genotype which is stable based on all stability methods was PKHT C.
Keywords: AMMI; GxE interaction; parametric stability; variety
Genetic diversity among Vanda celebica, Vanda dearei, and their hybrids based on ISSR markers
Full text linkA cross between two different orchid species is a way to improve the horticultural performance of the hybrids. Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) is a method of molecular markers that could be used to analyze genetic diversity among parents and their hybrid progenies. The purpose of this study was to examine the genetic diversity of the parent species of Vanda dearei and Vanda celebica, the hybrid progenies of (♀ Vanda dearei x ♂ Vanda celebica)-cross and the hybrid progenies of their reciprocal cross. DNA amplification using 5 ISSR primers, namely UBC 810, UBC 815, UBC 834, UBC 835, and UBC 880, produced 60 DNA bands with a size of 200-2800 bp, with the percentage of polymorphism ranging from 81.8%-100% and the percentage of monomorphism as much as 0%-18.2%. Analysis of genetic diversity showed that the genetic diversity among hybrid progenies of (♀ V. dearei x ♂ V. celebica) was 8%. In comparison, those among hybrid progenies of its reciprocal cross (♀ V. celebica x ♂ V. dearei) were 13%. In conclusion, deploying V. celebica as a female parent and V. dearei as a male parent will most likely produce higher diversity among its progenies, compared to the reciprocal cross.
Keywords: DNA bands; diversity; marker, orchid; reciprocal cros
Dominance of Cyperus kyllingia Endl. at guava orchard and its possible resistance to glyphosate
Full text linkWeed resistance, indicated by increasing the level of herbicide for control, might arise due to the continuous use of similar herbicides in the long term without any herbicide rotation. The objective of this research was to evaluate the status of dominant weeds in a guava orchard to determine weed control strategies. The research was carried out from November 2020 to June 2021 at Agribusiness Technology Park IPB, Bogor. Vegetation analysis to define dominance was carried out at 4 blocks using the square method. In each block, five sampling points were randomly selected. Seeds of C. kyllingia were collected and planted as many as 25 seedlings in polybags. Glyphosate herbicide was applied onto C. kyllingia in 3 replications using 9 doses, i.e., 0 (D0), 60.75 (D1), 121.5 (D2), 243 (D3), 486 (D4), 972 (D5), 1944 (D6), 3888 (D7), and 7776 g ha-1 (D8). C. kyllingia mortality percentages were analyzed using linear regression to obtain LD50. The results showed that the dominant weed was C. kyllingia. Block 4 showed the highest significant LD50 value at 759.11 g ha-1 with a resistance index of 2.67 (reduced sensitivity). The presence of dominant C. kyllingia was identified only at block 4, indicating the dominance could correlate with increasing resistance of the particular weed.
Keywords: doses; EPSPS; glyphosate; LD50; sedges; vegetation analysi
Meta-analysis on extraction methods, pharmacological activities, and cultivation techniques of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.
Full text linkJavanese turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) is important for study due to its increasing economic value in many aspects including marker-associated compounds for curcuminoids and xanthorrhizol. This systematic review aimed to summarize and find information about C. xanthorrhiza starting from its pharmacological activity and mechanism as an anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant extraction process, and cultivation techniques. The data were obtained from relevant journals in national and international scientific databases PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, SINTA, ScienceDirect, and Wiley Online from 2000 to 2023. Results showed that from the perspective of anti-inflammatory pharmacological activities, xanthorrhizol inhibits pain response and inflammatory response. Its antioxidant activity showed a contribution to inhibiting oxidation which also successfully inhibits cancer cell proliferation. The extraction method of xanthorrhizol and curcuminoid compounds with Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction (UAE) 20-2000 kHz performs better than other methods. C. xanthorrhiza cultivation techniques under shading produce better rhizomes. Based on research on cultivation techniques, extraction methods, and pharmacological activities, C. xanthorrhiza has an important role in the future.
Keywords: anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, UAE, volatile compound, yieldJavanese turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) is important for study due to its increasing economic value in many aspects including marker-associated compounds for curcuminoids and xanthorrhizol. This systematic review aimed to summarize and find information about C. xanthorrhiza starting from its pharmacological activity and mechanism as an anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant extraction process, and cultivation techniques. The data were obtained from relevant journals in national and international scientific databases PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, SINTA, ScienceDirect, and Wiley Online from 2000 to 2023. Results showed that from the perspective of anti-inflammatory pharmacological activities, xanthorrhizol inhibits pain response and inflammatory response. Its antioxidant activity showed a contribution to inhibiting oxidation which also successfully inhibits cancer cell proliferation. The extraction method of xanthorrhizol and curcuminoid compounds with Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction (UAE) 20-2000 kHz performs better than other methods. C. xanthorrhiza cultivation techniques under shading produce better rhizomes. Based on research on cultivation techniques, extraction methods, and pharmacological activities, C. xanthorrhiza has an important role in the future
Fruit quality and shelf-life improvement of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) \u27Servo\u27 by inorganic fertilizer enriched with amino acid
Full text linkFertilizer and maturity stage affect the nutritional content and quality of tomatoes. This study aimed to obtain the best dosage of amino acid fertilizer on the qualities and shelf life and to determine the effect of the maturity stage on the qualities of Servo tomatoes. The research design used factorial RCBD with 3 blocks as replications. The Servo tomatoes were grown in Wonosobo District and foliar fertilized with 4 levels of amino acid fertilizer, namely 0, 1, 2, and 4 L ha-1 amino acid fertilizer, and 2 L ha-1 comparison fertilizer. Observation of tomato fruit quality was conducted in Horticulture Sublaboratory, UGM at 27,5 °C with relative humidity of 73%. The quality observed was CO2 concentration, visual quality rating, weight loss, fruit firmness, fruit color, TSS, TTA, carotenoids, lycopene, flavonoids, and vitamin C. The observation was terminated when the score of VQR reached 3 as shelf life of tomatoes. Amino acid fertilizer can improve the quality of Servo tomatoes as seen from the parameters of fruit color (a*) and total titrated acid (TTA). In terms of other parameters, the amino acid fertilizer does not affect the quality of Servo tomatoes. The highest value on fruit color (a*) and TTA resulted from 2 L ha-1 of amino acid fertilizer. The maturity stage significantly affects the quality improvement of fruit firmness, weight loss, VQR, CO2 concentration, TTA, total soluble solids, carotenoids, and flavonoids. L ha-1
Keywords: Aminoalkanoic; fertilizer effect; storage life; tomato qualit
Effect of varieties and applications of clove oil on growth, productivity, and pest and disease resilience of soybean
Full text linkEfforts to increase soybean productivity are carried out in various ways, including improving cultivation technology and applying pest and disease control technologies for soybeans. In addition to chemical pesticides, pest and disease control can use botanical pesticides or biopesticides, including those made from clove oil. This study aimed to determine the effect of varieties and clove oil on the growth, production, and pest-disease resilience of soybean. The study was conducted at Majalengka Regency, West Java, Indonesia from April to July 2021. The research used a factorial randomized complete block design with four replications. The first factor was soybean genotypes: Dena 1, Dega 1, and Anjasmoro. The second factor was the concentration and interval of application of clove oil: control, 3 mL L-1 with an interval of 10 days, 3 mL L-1 with an interval of 15 days, 5 mL L-1 with an interval of 10 days, and 5 mL L-1 with an interval of 15 days. The results showed that the Dena 1 variety had the highest plant height, number of branches, number of pods per plant, and dry weight per plant. The Dega 1 variety produced the highest weight of plant dry mass, dry pod shell weight, and 100-grain. Anjasmoro variety had the highest root length and number of nodules per plant. The Anjasmoro was more resistant to leaf caterpillar attacks, while the Dena 1 was more resistant to leaf rust disease. Botanical pesticides derived from clove oil affected various aspects of soybean growth including plant height at 60 days after planting, weight of dry biomass, root length and number of root nodules per plant, dry pod shell weight, dry seed weight, and 100-grains weight.
Keywords: botanical pesticide; clove oil; Glycine max; root nodulation; variet
Yield component evaluation of mutated sugarcane at first and ratooning plantations
Full text linkIncreasing national sugar production can be done by developing new varieties of sugarcane varieties with high potential yields. To ensure profitability and sustainability, however, the new varieties should be accompanied by data on their ratooning ability. This study aimed to evaluate the stability of the yield component of ratooning sugarcane resulting from mutations. The experiment was arranged using a factorial randomized complete block design with the first factor being four genotypes of sugarcane (G) consisting of three mutant genotypes with codes M3.2, M3.3, M3.4 and one original Bululawang genotype (BL). The second factor was ratooning (K) which consisted of three levels, namely first plant (TP), first ratoon (TK1) and second ratoon (TK2). The combination of treatments was repeated 4 times so that 48 unit combinations were obtained. One unit consisted of 28 cane clumps divided into 4 rows. The results showed that the ratooning factor had a significant impact on the value of the proportion of sucrose produced by the mutant sugar cane genotype. The ratooning ability of mutant genotypes to produce sucrose was recorded above 75%. All genotypes of mutant had superior characters compared to non-mutant based on stalk weight and percentage of sucrose.
Keywords: Bululawang, morphology, mutant, ratoon, sugarIncreasing national sugar production can be done by developing new varieties of sugarcane varieties with high potential yields. To ensure profitability and sustainability, however, the new varieties should be accompanied by data on their ratooning ability. This study aimed to evaluate the stability of the yield component of ratooning sugarcane resulting from mutations. The experiment was arranged using a factorial randomized complete block design with the first factor being four genotypes of sugarcane (G) consisting of three mutant genotypes with codes M3.2, M3.3, M3.4 and one original Bululawang genotype (BL). The second factor was ratooning (K) which consisted of three levels, namely first plant (TP), first ratoon (TK1) and second ratoon (TK2). The combination of treatments was repeated 4 times so that 48 unit combinations were obtained. One unit consisted of 28 cane clumps divided into 4 rows. The results showed that the ratooning factor had a significant impact on the value of the proportion of sucrose produced by the mutant sugar cane genotype. The ratooning ability of mutant genotypes to produce sucrose was recorded above 75%. All genotypes of mutant had superior characters compared to non-mutant based on stalk weight and percentage of sucrose.
Keywords: Bululawang, morphology, mutant, ratoon, suga
Determination of anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) resistance group in shallot (Allium cepa var. aggregatum)
Full text linkShallot anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, is a devastating disease in a tropical country with high humidity and rainfall. Chemical control of anthracnose is neither economical nor eco-friendly, and genetic resistance is considered an efficient management method. This study aimed to determine the resistance groups of several shallot varieties and predict resistance heritability characteristics. In this study, a total of 13 Indonesian shallot varieties were evaluated for anthracnose resistance and separated into two groups, resistance and susceptible, based on K-means clustering developed by using disease resistance/susceptibility characteristics such as incubation period, disease incidence, disease severity, and spot diameter. The results indicate that the Agrihorti, Maja Cipanas, Batu Ijo, and Rubaru varieties were identified as resistant groups based on lower disease severity and incidence, smaller spot diameter, and longer incubation period. Maja Cipanas and Rubaru were more consistent in all variables, which is recommended as a source of genetic resistance genotypes. On the other hand, the Biru Lancor, Bima Brebes, Srikayang, Violetta, Slupu Merah, Pancasona, Sakato, Katumi, and Kuning varieties were identified as susceptible groups based on high disease severity and incidence, large spot diameter, and short incubation period.
Keywords: susceptibility characteristics, genetic resistance, k-means clustering, disease severit
Evaluation of qualitative and quantitative traits of ten lowland chili genotypes
Full text linkOne of the important stages in chili breeding is the multi-location test. The lowlands became one agroecology in the chili multi-location test because most farmers, especially in Sumatra, plant chilies on the lowlands after the rice planting season. The purpose of this study was to understand the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of chili genotypes in a lowland area. The experiment was arranged in a single-factor randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The chili genotypes evaluated were four test lines and six check varieties. The quantitative data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by evaluation of genotype means using the least significant difference (LSD) tests by SPSS Statistics software. The results showed that the check variety having the lowest productivity was CH3 (1.19 tons ha-1) and the highest was Elegant (4.55 tons ha-1). The productivity of four genotypes from IPB were significantly different from the CH3 and Imperial 10 varieties, but not significantly different from Baja (2.96 tons ha-1), Balebat (3.87 tons ha-1), Elegant (4.55 tons ha-1) and Gada (3.04 tons ha-1) varieties. This research shows that the four genotypes from IPB have the potential to become new superior varieties.
Keywords: Lampung; multi-location; plant breeding; varietie
Proliferation of porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) from bulbils and leaf cutting treated by NAA and BA
Full text linkJavanese konjac or iles-iles (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume, Araceae) is a tuber crop native to Indonesia as a source of carbohydrat, also contains a lot of glucomannan, which has high economic value as a raw material in industry. The study aimed to develop the propagation method of A. muelleri from bulbils and leaf cuttings through the plant growth regulator (PGR) application of α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and benziladenin (BA). The research was conducted from August 2020 to December 2021 at IPB University, Bogor. The study consisted of three experiments based on the type of propagation material. Each experiment used a randomized complete block design with three factors, i.e., NAA concentrations (0, 2, and 4 mg L-1), BA concentrations (0, 5, 10, and 15 mg L-1), and propagation materials (Experiment 1: small, medium, large bulbils; Experiment 2: immature and mature peak leaflet cuttings; Experiment 3: immature and mature base leaflet cuttings). The results showed that there was an interaction of three factors in the bulbils and PGR application, which had a significant effect on the percentage of axillary shoot proliferation and growth. In Experiment 2, PGR application was unable to regenerate peak leaflet cuttings, whereas in Experiment 3 PGR encouraged base leaflet cuttings to form shoots, roots, and bulbils, especially at concentrations of 2 mg L-1 NAA+15 mg L-1 BA and 4 mg L-1 NAA+15 mg L-1 BA.
Keywords: α-naphthaleneacetic acid, benziladenin, iles-iles, Javanese konjac, plant growth regulator