Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy)
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Optimizing frass and PGPR on the growth and yield of kailan (Brassica oleracea)
Full text linkPlant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and frass application have drawn interest as ways to increase plant productivity. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of frass and PGPR application on the growth and yield of kailan. The effects of varying frass dosages/F (0, 15, 20, and 25 tons ha-1) and PGPR concentrations/P (0, 5, and 12.5 mL L-1) on plant height, leaf number, leaf area, scaffold weight, and leaf weight per plant at 14, 21, and 28 days after planting (DAP) were examined. The growth of plants was generally enhanced by increasing dosages of frass and PGPR. The treatment F25P5 consistently produced the best results across all parameters, demonstrating its effectiveness in enhancing plant growth and yield. Positive correlations between plant height, leaf area, and leaf weight per plant (0.99) were found using correlation analysis, suggesting that leaf expansion is essential for biomass accumulation. Plant height, leaf number, and biomass-related parameters clustered together, confirming their interdependence in growth, and principal component analysis (PCA) showed that PC1 explained 94.09% of the variance. The results highlight that while excessive doses of frass and PGPR may have declining effects, balanced treatments significantly increase plant productivity. Optimizing the dosage of Frass and Rhizobia is crucial to achieving the best results for Brassica oleracea. Frass 25 tons ha-1 and PGPR 5 mL L-1 appear to be the most effective treatment.
Keywords: biofertilization; ecofriendly fertilization; Rhizobacteria
Determination of seed physiological maturity and storability of several sorghum varieties
Full text linkSeed vigor reaches a maximum at physiological maturity and decreases during storage. This study aimed to determine the physiological maturity and enhance the storability of sorghum seeds. Experiments were conducted at BRIN Lebak-Bulus from March 2023 to March 2024. The initial experiment employed a two-factor randomized complete block design, incorporating five sorghum varieties and five seed maturity levels. The second experiment used a complete randomized design with two factors (nest: temperature storage 18 °C and 26 °C, and nested: combined seed moisture content (MC) 10-11% and 12-13%, and storage period (1-24 weeks). The results indicated the seed physiological maturity stages of the five sorghum varieties were: Numbu 46 days after anthesis (DAA), Super-1 39 DAA, Bioguma-1 51 DAA, Samurai-2 55 DAA, and Pahat 40 DAA. The Numbu stored at 18 °C, 10-11% MC had storability up to 24 weeks (72.3% germination) and at 18 °C, 12-13% MC up to 20 weeks (72.3%), while at 26 °C, 10-11% MC had storability up to 18 weeks (71.3%) and 26 °C, 12-13% MC up to 22 weeks (70.3%). The Bioguma-1 and Samurai-2 seeds were suspected of having after-ripening dormancy. From the beginning until 24 weeks, they did not deteriorate, although the viability was below 70%.
Keywords: germination; seed moisture content; storage period; viability; vigo
Mycorrhiza application improves rice morpho-physiological traits in different soil water content
Full text linkMycorrhizal fungi are beneficial soil microorganisms that establish mutualistic associations with plant roots, significantly enhancing nutrient and water uptake under abiotic stress conditions. In West Kalimantan, limited soil water content frequently constrains rice cultivation, negatively impacting plant growth and yield. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of mycorrhizal inoculation on the morphophysiological traits of rice under varying levels of soil water content. The experiment was conducted from February to June 2022 in Mempawah Regency, West Kalimantan, using a split-split-plot randomized complete block design. The main plot factor was mycorrhizal inoculation (inoculated and uninoculated), the subplot factor was soil water content (100%, 80%, and 60%), and the sub-subplot factor was rice variety (Inpari 32 and Inpari 42). The results demonstrated that mycorrhizal inoculation significantly improved rice tolerance to moderate drought stress through adaptive morphophysiological mechanisms. This was indicated by increased phosphorus uptake efficiency and enhanced net assimilation rate, even at 60% soil water content. These physiological improvements contributed to better plant morphological development, including greater plant height (84.73 cm), dry biomass (8.36 g), number of panicles (15.83 panicles), panicle length (22.21 cm), number of grains per panicle (189.96 grains), and grain weight per clump (72.31 g).
Keywords: mutualistic associations; mycorrhizal inoculation; physiological improvements; rice tolerance
Fertilizer efficiency of ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3-) by fertigation in shallot production
Full text linkAgronomic practices in Indonesia mostly still use ammonium as the primary source of nitrogen (N), whereas ammonium concentrations at certain levels can cause plant toxicity. The selection of the suitable N form (NH4+ and NO3-), especially by the fertigation method, is expected to increase the efficiency of N fertilization. This research aimed to obtain the appropriate source of NH4+ and NO3- to increase production and efficiency of fertilization in shallots. The experiment used a non-factorial randomized complete block design with four replications and six nitrogen treatments: without N, ammonium sources (urea, ZA), nitrate source (calcium nitrate), and combination of ammonium and nitrate (NPK Mutiara 16-16-16, calcium ammonium nitrate). The fertilizer doses contain N in equivalent levels, i.e., 167.9 kg N ha-1. The results showed that ZA increased the chlorophyll content of leaves and N content of plant tissue, while calcium nitrate increased the size and weight (fresh and dry) of bulb per plant. The highest recovery and agronomy efficiency was obtained in the ZA application, while the highest physiological efficiency and partial factor productivity were in calcium nitrate. Therefore, nitrate has the potential for shallot cultivation because it can increase production without accumulation in the bulbs.
Keywords: Allium cepa; drip irrigation; nitrogen fertilizer; nitrogen form; NU
Determination of maturity stage, after ripening period, and seed storability of upland rice seeds at various phosphorus fertilizer doses
Full text linkThe increasing demand for rice makes upland rice a promising alternative. However, one major challenge in upland rice cultivation is the availability of high-quality seeds. This study aimed to determine the physiological seed maturity, after-ripening period, storage longevity, and optimal fertilizer dose to produce high-quality IPB 10G Tanimar. The research used a split-plot randomized complete block design with two factors and three replications. The main plot was phosphate fertilizer doses (50, 100, and 150 kg ha-1 SP-36), and the sub-plot was seed maturity stages (112, 116, 120, 124, and 128 days after planting(DAP). The results showed that fertilizer dose had no significant effect on vegetative and generative growth. The application of 100 kg ha⁻¹ P fertilizer produced the best seed quality based on the initial vigor index. The best maturity stage was 124 DAS with a heat unit of 2,505 °Cd, as indicated by the parameters of initial vigor index, germination rate during storage, and storability. The shortest after-ripening period was also found at 124 DAS, with the minimum germination rate (>80%) achieved one week after storage (WAS). The best storage vigor at the end of the observation period (8 WAS) was at 124 DAS, with a germination rate of 79.67% and a vigor index of 21.89%.
Keywords: high-quality seed; heat unit; phosphate fertilizer; storage longevity; vigor inde
Seed priming boosted waxy corn yield across different water regimes
Full text linkPlant resistance to drought stress could be improved by seed priming using natural plant growth regulators, such as coconut water. This research aimed examine the physiological characteristics, root development, and yield responses of waxy corn following different seed priming treatmens using coconut water and to determine to the optimal coconut water concentration for seed priming under each drought condition. The research was conducted at Banguntapan Sub-district and Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta - Indonesia, in July-October 2023. The research used a split-plot design with a main plot of watering intervals and a subplot of coconut water concentration with three replications. The main plot consisted of three levels: watering every day, once every three days, and once every six days. The subplot consisted of four levels of coconut water concentrations, i.e., 0, 33, 67, and 100%. The results indicated that seed priming with 100% coconut water increased corn yield. The increased yield could be attributed to the different photosynthetic rates and total seed weight under both well-watered and drought-stress conditions.
Keywords: coconut water; drought stress; root improvemen
Morpho-agronomic diversity of local ABB banana ‘Roid’ in Jatigede, West Java
Full text linkBananas are one of Indonesia’s most important horticultural crops, valued for their adaptability and economic potential. Among them, the Roid banana (ABB) (Musa spp.) stands out as a local variety native to West Java-Indonesia, particularly the Jatigede District, Sumedang Regency where it thrives naturally without agronomic inputs. Known for its resistance to pests and diseases, long shelf life, and strong fruit attachment that reduces post-harvest losses, the Roid banana remains underutilized and understudied. Despite its advantages, research on its genetic diversity is limited, highlighting the need for characterization as a foundation for conservation and breeding. This study, conducted from October to December 2023 in the Jatigede District, aimed to analyze the distribution patterns and genetic diversity of Roid bananas. Characterization used a survey method and purposive sampling in situ. Results revealed two primary clusters dominated by accessions from Ciranggem and Jemah Villages. Key traits supported clusters were peduncle curvature, bunch length and density, number of fruit hands, male flower attitude, apex shape, skin color, plant height, and the presence of hermaphrodite flowers. The genetic diversity based on Euclidean distances was 0.47 to 11.92. The Index of Cultural Significance value was 105, implying a very high level of utilization diversity. These findings highlight the genetic richness and cultural importance of Roid bananas, offering valuable insights for future conservation and breeding programs.
Keywords: characterization; cluster analysis; exploration; Index Cultural Significance (ICS); Musa spp
Application of fern Davallia denticuluta L. extract using different solvents as biostimulants for Kopay chili (Capsicum annuum L.) production
Full text linkFerns are a potential source of biostimulant compounds due to their rich content of bioactive secondary metabolites. This study aimed to evaluate different solvents for extracting bioactive compounds from Davallia denticulata and to identify the optimal extract formulation for enhancing the growth and yield of Kopay chili. This research was conducted from February to May 2024 at the Plant Physiology Research Laboratory and Greenhouse, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Andalas, Padang. A completely randomized design with 16 treatment combinations involving four solvents (A1 = aquadest, A2 = methanol, A3 = ethanol, A4 = butanol) and four extract concentrations (B0 = 0 mg L-1, B1 = 25 mg L-1, B2 = 50 mg L-1, and B3 = 100 mg L-1) was employed. Plant growth parameters responded differently to various combinations of extract concentration and solvent type. Methanol extract at 100 mg L-1 significantly increased plant height, ethanol at 50 mg L-1 improved shoot dry weight and root biomass, butanol at 100 mg L-1 increased chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll, and methanol at 25 mg L-1 resulted in higher fruit weight. These results indicate that Davallia denticulata extract, when properly formulated, holds strong potential as a natural biostimulant to improve growth and productivity in chili cultivation.
Keywords: active compouns; chili growth; plant extract; secondary metabolites; solvents extractio
Systematic reviews of self-pruning incidents on commercial horticulture plants
Full text linkPruning is a crucial practice in horticulture to maintain tree health, reduce production costs, and improve yield. However, conventional pruning remains labor-intensive and costly. Self-pruning has the potential to provide a sustainable alternative, yet studies on its mechanisms and applications in horticultural crops are still limited. This review aimed to systematically synthesize the mechanisms, incidence, and potential applications of self-pruning in horticultural crops. The review followed the PRISMA 2020 framework to ensure transparency and minimize bias. Literature searches were conducted in ScienceDirect and Garuda databases using the keywords self-pruning, pruning, cladoptosis, autophagy, and senescence in both English and Indonesian. The search was restricted to articles published within the last 10 years (2013–2022). Inclusion criteria were original research or review articles on self-pruning in plants. Exclusion criteria were duplicate records, articles from irrelevant fields, non-systematic studies, and grey literature. Bias reduction was addressed by predefined criteria, time limits, specific keywords, and independent screening by two reviewers. From 5,588 records identified, only 25 articles met the inclusion criteria. However, none of the eligible studies specifically addressed self-pruning in horticultural crops. The limited number of relevant articles was due to restricted database coverage and the absence of standardized quality assessment tools within the PRISMA framework. This review highlights a critical research gap on self-pruning in horticultural crops. Broader database searches and the development of standardized quality assessment tools are required. Evaluating the incidence and mechanisms of self-pruning in commercial horticultural crops is essential as a new perspective to support sustainable horticultural production.
Keywords: autophagy; abscission; cladoptosis; programmed cell death; senescenc
Genetic diversity and adaptation to aluminum toxicity in local upland rice of Kalimantan
Full text linkAcidic soils with high aluminum (Al) toxicity are a major constraint to upland rice productivity in many tropical regions, including Kalimantan. Local rice cultivars often possess adaptive traits that can be utilized for breeding tolerant varieties. This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of Kalimantan local upland rice cultivars using SSR markers and their adaptation to aluminum toxicity stress. A total of 93 rice accessions obtained from the Agricultural Gene Bank of IAARD were subjected to both genetic diversity and Al stress adaptation analyses. The genetic diversity analysis used 11 SSR markers, while the adaptation study employed a hydroponic method with 45 ppm Al in Yoshida nutrient solution. Root and shoot growth were observed after 21 days of stress treatment. The SSR markers were highly polymorphic, grouping the accessions into four clusters at a 35% similarity level. Most accessions showed tolerance to Al stress based on relative root and shoot growth parameters. Accessions P. Pulut Timai, Padai Cina, Raya, Parai Paliping, and P. Pulut Ayang/Pang were the most adaptive. Root length, shoot length, and shoot fresh weight exhibited moderate heritability. These findings provide valuable insights for breeding Al-tolerant upland rice adapted to acidic soils.
Keywords: adaptability; aluminum stress; molecular marker; SSR; upland ric