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Universalism and extensionalism revisited
Get PDFThe article under review provides a discussion of the relationship between Mereological universalim (the thesis that any plurality of entities has a fusion) and Mereological extensionalism (the thesis that composite entities having the same proper parts are identical).
A novel notion of sum (a technical notion introduced to capture the intuitive notion of fusion of plurality of entities) that is not equivalent to the three notions of sums that are usually recognized in the mereological literature is presented. It is shown that this new notion of sum is immune to reasonable complaints that can be raised against some such notions.
Finally, it is argued that Varzi’s claim (2009) of the point that Mereological universalim entails Mereological extensionalism is justified if one sticks to Varzi’s notion of sum, but does not hold true with this new notion of sum
Reflective mereology
Get PDFClassical mereology is the study, initiated by Stanisław Leśniewski around 1927 and pursued by logicians like Alfred Tarski, of parts and the wholes they form.
G. Uzquiano [Philos. Stud. 129 (2006), no. 1, 137–169; MR2234999; in Absolute generality, 305–332, Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, 2006; MR3618547] observed that atomistic classical mereology is in tension with set theory when both theories quantify over absolutely everything. In the aforementioned papers, Uzquiano considered different attempts to resolve this unwelcome situation, none of them, admittedly, completely satisfactory. The question of whether there can be a well-motivated mereology that sits well with set theory thus remains relevant.
In the paper under review, the author aims at solving Uzquiano's cardinality problem by proposing a new mereology based on a mereological reflection principle. This new mereology has natural fusion principles, but refutes two core principles in classical mereology: unrestricted fusion and fusion uniqueness. Significantly, it is shown that this new mereology can coexist with set theory in harmony.
In the final section, the author briefly discusses several philosophical issues related to the formal results proved therein. In particular, it is argued that reflective mereology is a theory of parthood well-motivated by independent philosophical considerations. The first novel axiom of reflective mereology can be seen as a way of articulating the metaphysical thesis that the universe of everything is indescribable, which is a natural generalization of the Cantorian conception of set. As for the second axiom, the context in which it is put forward is reminiscent of the way in which -separation has come to be used as a replacement of the naive comprehension principle in set theory in response to Russell's paradox
Can strategic HRM bundles decrease emotional exhaustion and increase service recovery performance?
No full textTargeted exercises can improve biomechanical markers in individuals with knee osteoarthritis: A secondary analysis from a cluster randomized controlled trial
Get PDFBackground: It is not clear whether exercise therapy significantly improves knee biomechanics during gait in osteoarthritis (OA) patients. This study aimed to determine whether targeted exercises based on a knee kinesiography exam improve biomechanical markers (BMs) compared with conventional primary care (CPC) management.
Methods: This was a secondary analysis of a cluster randomized controlled trial in which patients were assigned to one of three groups: (1) Control (CPC), (2) Exercise, and (3) Exercise&Education. Fourteen known BMs in knee OA patients were assessed. The primary outcome was the global evolution ratio (GER), which was calculated as the sum of improved BMs over the sum of deteriorated BMs 6 months after baseline assessment. GER scores were categorized with three different sets of cut-off values into clinical levels: (a) Deteriorated, (b) Stabilized, and (c) Improved. Ordinal logistic regressions were performed on the per-protocol population to determine whether there was a relationship between group assignment and GER levels.
Results: Of the 221 eligible participants, 163 were included. Two different regression models showed that patients from Group 3 (Exercise&Education) were 2.5-times more likely to be in an upper GER level (i.e., Stabilized or Improved) than patients from the control group (both odds ratio (OR) > 2.46, Wald Χ2(1) ≥ 7.268, P ≤ 0.01). They also reported significantly more improvement in pain and function (Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, both P ≤ 0.01).
Conclusions: Results suggest that targeted exercises can improve biomechanical markers in knee OA patients compared with CPC treatment. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and refine the biomechanical markers to address to maximize patients’ clinical outcomes
Réglage fin par ensemble convergent de divers modèles transformers pour l’analyse du sentiment
Get PDFLe développement des techniques de réglage fin pour les modèles transformers pré-entraînés comme BERT (Devlin et al., 2018 [22]) a beaucoup gagné en popularité depuis 2018. Comparativement à la technique d’extraction des caractéristiques, le réglage fin donne des résultats de pointe sur de nombreuses tâches en aval liées au traitement automatique du langage naturel (Ma et al., 2019 [65]). En analyse du sentiment, ces avancées aident à surmonter plusieurs enjeux techniques importants, comme la gestion des termes de négation, des anaphores et des références syntagmatiques plus subtiles (Birjali et al., 2021 [10]). Néanmoins, certains enjeux demeurent nonrésolus, notamment la difficulté d’obtenir des données d’entraînement pour des tâches-domaines spécialisées (Xu et al., 2019 [113]). Cette problématique est liée au coût et à la difficulté de créer des jeux de données manuellement annotés par des êtres humains. Dans ce mémoire, une nouvelle solution d’annotation programmatique est proposée, s’appuyant sur les travaux de Ghashiya et Okamura (2021) [34] avec des modèles lexicaux en analyse du sentiment portant sur les titres d’actualité durant la Covid-19. Comme alternative aux modèles lexicaux, la technique proposée utilise un modèle de réglage fin par ensemble de modèles transformers appelé MDLsoft. Cette technique combine des aspects de deux stratégies de réglage fin, soit les auto-ensembles par votes (Xu et al., 2020 [115]) et l’apprentissage multitâches (Liu et al., 2019 [62]). À partir des prédictions issues du modèle final, une analyse du sentiment sera présentée portant sur le même sujet que Ghashiya et Okamura, mais en y apportant certaines améliorations techniques
