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Anton Bruckner und Simon Sechter: Zum Verhältnis von Komposition und Theorie im späten 19. Jahrhundert
No full textThe literature on Anton Bruckner has always stressed the putative incongruity between his thinking as a music theorist and his compositional output. In this article, the author tries to review and re-evaluate the extent and limits of the impact of theory on Bruckner’s musical style. The focus is on the two classical disciplines that Bruckner had studied under Simon Sechter and subsequently taught himself: harmony and counterpoint. While the descending fifths sequence represents the original model at the heart of Sechter’s system, other sequential models can be justified only to a limited extent on the basis of his fundamental bass theory. In many cases, Bruckner’s use of such models indicates that he was aware of this problem while composing. Both Sechter’s teaching method and Bruckner’s harmony are characterised by two sets of contrasts: between triad-based and seventh chord-based harmony on the one hand and between diatonicism and chromaticism on the other. That Bruckner regarded chromaticism as an artificial modification of a basic underlying diatonic material is demonstrated by the fact that it is possible to trace many of the chromatic progressions in his symphonies back to diatonic frameworks. Bruckner’s lessons in counterpoint with Sechter also helped to shape features of the composer’s style such as the frequent inversion and imitation of motifs, the technique of voiceswapping, the combination of multiple motifs and the use of double counterpoint
Modelling the probability of meeting IUCN Red List criteria to support reassessments
No full textComparative extinction risk analysis—which predicts species extinction risk from correlation with traits or geographical characteristics—has gained research attention as a promising tool to support extinction risk assessment in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. However, its uptake has been very limited so far, possibly because existing models only predict a species' Red List category, without indicating which Red List criteria may be triggered. This prevents such approaches to be integrated into Red List assessments. We overcome this implementation gap by developing models that predict the probability of species meeting individual Red List criteria. Using data on the world's birds, we evaluated the predictive performance of our criterion-specific models and compared it with the typical criterion-blind modelling approach. We compiled data on biological traits (e.g. range size, clutch size) and external drivers (e.g. change in canopy cover) often associated with extinction risk. For each specific criterion, we modelled the relationship between extinction risk predictors and species' Red List category under that criterion using ordinal regression models. We found criterion-specific models were better at identifying threatened species compared to a criterion-blind model (higher sensitivity), but less good at identifying not threatened species (lower specificity). As expected, different covariates were important for predicting extinction risk under different criteria. Change in annual temperature was important for criteria related to population trends, while high forest dependency was important for criteria related to restricted area of occupancy or small population size. Our criteria-specific method can support Red List assessors by producing outputs that identify species likely to meet specific criteria, and which are the most important predictors. These species can then be prioritised for re-evaluation. We expect this new approach to increase the uptake of extinction risk models in Red List assessments, bridging a long-standing research-implementation gap
No Adornian Godfather?
No full textThere is no doubt that Theodor W. Adorno impacted the American and British Musicology and Music Theory movements – in particular, his Philosophy of New Music and Dialectic of Enlightenment are major works that are still discussed. However, his role in America and Britain was quite different from his position in Germany. His immense support for Schönberg, his tremendous aesthetic tirades against Stravinsky, the “point-zero-situation” after World War II and the misperception of his approach to serialism – he was not an advocate, but a critic – were major grounds upon which German avant-garde music was based. Avant-garde in Germany without Adorno – what would that be? In that context, his impact on German musicology is interesting to explore. His writings, although often sharpened by harsh, non-deductive and even highly subjective aesthetic evaluations (cf. his gloss on Sibelius), set the philosophical basis from which every (German) musicologist had to start his line of argument. Even if someone did not agree with Adorno, it was unthinkable within German musicological discourse not to discuss him. The long-standing discourse between Dahlhaus and Eggebrecht would have run differently without Adorno’s almost almighty habitus. This article compares selected twentieth-century British musicologists, their roles in academia and their methodological approaches with Adorno’s. Two possible candidates for a “British Adorno”, namely Hans Keller and Roger Scruton, are discussed in detail
Nominal ellipsis reveals concord in Moksha Mordvin
No full textOn the basis of original data from Moksha Mordvin (Finno-Ugric), I argue that some languages have nominal concord even though modifiers of the noun generally do not show inflection. Evidence for the presence of concord comes from nominal ellipsis, under which inflection is phonologically realized and restricted in the same way as regular nominal concord. To account for the distribution of concord exponents, I develop a model that allows features to be present in syntax but avoid realization. In particular, I propose that (i) Spellout applies to a node as soon as its Merge and Agree features are satisfied and (ii) Agree features are by default illegible at PF and need to undergo an operation called Probe Conversion in order to become accessible to PF processes. The distribution of features then follows from the relative timing of Spellout and Probe Conversion
Evaluation of a Point-of-Need Molecular Diagnostic Tool Coupled with Rapid DNA Extraction Methods for Visceral Leishmaniasis
No full textA rapid, cost-effective, and simple nucleic acid isolation technique coupled with a point-of-
need DNA amplification assay is a desirable goal for programmatic use. For diagnosis of Visceral
Leishmaniasis (VL), Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RPA) rapid tests for the detection of
Leishmania DNA are versatile and have operational advantages over qPCR. To facilitate the delivery
of the RPA test at point-of-need for VL diagnosis, we compared two rapid DNA extraction methods,
SwiftDx (SX) and an in-house Boil and Spin (BS) method, coupled with RPA amplification, versus
more widely used methods for DNA extraction and amplification, namely Qiagen (Q) kits and qPCR,
respectively. A total of 50 confirmed VL patients and 50 controls, matched for age and gender, were
recruited from Mymensingh, Bangladesh, a region highly endemic for VL. Blood samples were
collected from each participant and DNA was extracted using Q, SX and BS methods. Following
DNA extraction, qPCR and RPA assays were performed to detect L. donovani in downstream analysis.
No significant differences in sensitivity of the RPA assay were observed between DNA extraction
methods, 94.00% (95% CI: 83.45–98.75%), 90% (95% CI: 78.19–96.67%), and 88% (95% CI: 75.69–95.47%)
when using Q, SX, and BS, respectively. Similarly, using qPCR, no significant differences in sensitivity
were obtained when using Q or SX for DNA extraction, 94.00% (95% CI: 83.45–98.75%) and 92.00%
(80.77–97.78%), respectively. It is encouraging that RPA and qPCR showed excellent agreement
(k: 0.919–0.980) when different extraction methods were used and that the DNA impurities using
BS had no inhibitory effect on the RPA assay. Furthermore, significantly higher DNA yields were
obtained using SX and BS versus Q; however, a significantly higher parasite load was detected using
qPCR when DNA was extracted using Q versus SX. Considering the cost, execution time, feasibility,
and performance of RPA assay, rapid extraction methods such as the Boil and Spin technique appear
to have the potential for implementation in resource-limited endemic settings. Further clinical
research is warranted prior to broader application
Highly automated public transport for everybody: Insights from Focus Groups
No full textOver one billion individuals globally live with some form of disability, and the implementation of highly automated public transport vehicles (APTVs) holds significant promise for enhancing their quality of life. The purpose of this qualitative study is to identify specific requirements by passengers with special needs (PwSNs) towards APTVs, identifying concerns and gathering solutions from PwSNs, their representatives, and public transport providers. Forty participants from Finland, Germany and Spain, including mobility-impaired and visually impaired users, elderly, tourists, and public transport stakeholders, engaged in 8 focus group discussions. Key findings highlight the importance of safety, accessibility, comfort, and responsiveness in APTVs. Safety concerns include the need for emergency systems and human assistance to handle emergencies and technical malfunctions. Specific requirements regarding e.g., abnormal situations detection, accessibility aids in snow and icy conditions, solutions for clearing occupied spaces, as well as the necessity of humans in selected cases were outlined. The study emphasizes the need for co-creating solutions to boost acceptance and reduce barriers to APTV adoption, ensuring inclusivity and accessibility for all passengers
Powěsćowa a alarmowa słužba za wulku wodu w Sakskej: Informacije Krajneho centruma za wulku wodu: Informationen des Landeshochwasserzentrums
No full textOb als Anwohner in Flussnähe oder als Betroffener von Starkregen. Ob als Bürger, Unternehmer oder Landwirt: Von Hochwasser können fast alle Menschen in Sachsen betroffen sein! Mit diesem Faltblatt gibt das Landeshochwasserzentrum einen Überblick über die Aufgaben des Hochwasser- und Alarmdienstes und zeigt, wie sich die Öffentlichkeit informieren kann.
Redaktionsschluss: 05.09.202
TechnoSapiens: Augmenting Humans with Technology in Diminished Reality
No full textFollowing recent social trends and technological advancements we can expect a future, where more humans willingly merge their bodies with different forms of technology. Anticipating this trend, fundamental research on design, functionality and perception is required. Virtual simulations promise to be a viable tool to aid in such research, as they can simulate infeasible or impossible to manufacture devices and thus circumvent current technological limitations. Mixed Reality provides a well-established framework for realizing such applications, as it eliminates the requirement of simulating complex nuances of real-world environments. Instead, the simulation can be superimposed onto the user's surroundings. However, for a convincing blending of virtual bionic devices and the user's body a prior partial removal or concealing of the real-life body part is required -- a process called Diminished Reality. In interactive scenarios, this problem poses a significant challenge in the field of computer graphics. This dissertation first introduces TechnoSapiens, an interactive system that can replace the user's arm with a virtual bionic prosthesis in an Augmented Reality environment in real-time using DR approaches. The system is then extended to provide multi-sensory feedback to the user, including visual and haptic stimuli. Furthermore, the system can be distributed to a co-located, cooperative multi-user environment. In a series of evaluation and user studies, the effectiveness of the system for the purpose of simulating believable and convincing body augmentations is demonstrated. Applied to a cooperative multi-user environment, we show that the combination of DR and AR challenges the current understanding of established concepts related to perception in Virtual and Mixed Reality.:List of Figures
List of Tables
Acronyms
1. Introduction
1.1. Contributions
2. Preliminaries and Related Work
2.1. Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality
2.2. The Diminished Reality Pipeline
2.2.1. Region of Interest Detection
2.2.2. Hidden View Generation
2.3. Psychological Concepts of User Experience in Virtual and Mixed Reality
2.3.1. Embodiment
2.4. Direct Hand Interaction
2.4.1. Hand Tracking
2.4.2. Hand Pose Retargeting
2.4.3. Physics-based Hand Interaction
2.5. Haptic and Tactile Feedback
2.6. Collaboration in Mixed Reality
2.7. Similar Applications
2.7.1. Body Augmentation in Mixed Reality
2.7.2. Prosthesis Simulation in Mixed Reality
3. Interactive Prosthesis Simulation in Diminished Reality
3.1. Implementation
3.1.1. Technology Overview
3.1.2. Diminished Reality
3.1.3. Hand Pose Retargeting
3.1.4. Visualization
3.1.5. Portable TechnoSapiens in Augmented Virtuality
3.2. Study
3.2.1. Prosthesis Design
3.2.2. Experiment
3.3. Evaluation
3.3.1. Sample
3.3.2. Measures
3.3.3. Results
3.4. Discussion
4. Providing a Multi-Sensory Experience of Touch
4.1. Implementation
4.1.1. Physics-based Prosthesis Simulation
4.1.2. Data Glove
4.2. Study
4.2.1. Study Design
4.3. Evaluation
4.3.1. Sample
4.3.2. Measures
4.3.3. Data Analysis
4.3.4. Results
4.4. Discussion
5. A Co-Located Multi-User Diminished Reality
5.1. Perceived Embodiment of the Other
5.2. Implementation
5.2.1. Hardware
5.2.2. Pose Tracking
5.2.3. Diminished Reality
5.3. Study
5.3.1. Application
5.4. Evaluation
5.4.1. Sample
5.4.2. Measures
5.4.3. Results
5.5. Discussion
6. Discussion
Glossary
Bibliography
Apendice
Selbstevaluation in der Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie: Inverse Schulterendoprothetik - Das klinische Outcome in Abhängigkeit der zugrundeliegenden Indikation
No full textDie inverse Schulterendoprothetik ist im vergangenen Jahrzehnt zunehmend in den
Fokus und aus dem Schatten der Knie- und Hüftendoprothetik gerückt. Ursprünglich
galt nur die Rotatorenmanschettendefektarthropathie als eindeutige Indikation für die
Implantation einer RSA, heute sollte sowohl bei degenerativen als auch bei
traumatischen Erkrankungen die Entscheidung für eine RSA erwogen werden.
Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, 1) das klinische Outcome in Abhängigkeit der
zugrundeliegenden Indikation nach Implantation einer RSA zu untersuchen sowie 2)
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zu zeigen, dass die Selbstevaluation auch in der Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie zu
vergleichbaren und zuverlässigen Ergebnissen führt.
In einer monozentrischen und retrospektiven Studie konnten 136 Patienten, welche
zwischen 2012 und 2022 mit einer RSA versorgt wurden, mittels 3 verschiedenen
postalisch versandter Fragebögen im Verfahren der Selbstevaluation nachuntersucht
werden. Erfasst wurden mithilfe des Constant Scores, des DASH Scores und des EQ-
5D-5L Bewegungsumfang, Funktionalität und Lebensqualität.
Die Patienten wurden anhand ihrer zugrundeliegenden Indikation in drei Gruppen
gegliedert: primäre Frakturen, sekundäre Interventionen, degenerative Erkrankungen.
Die Gruppe der Sekundärversorgungen setzte sich sehr heterogen zusammen, daher
trafen wir eine weitere Unterteilung: posttraumatische Omarthrosen (Gruppe 1),
posttraumatische Humeruskopfnekrosen (Gruppe 2), fehlverheilte proximale
Humerusfrakturen (Gruppe 3), Sekundärlösung nach Osteosynthese (Gruppe 4),
Lockerungen von Prothesen (Gruppe 5), Luxationen von Prothesen (Gruppe 6),
Infektionen (Gruppe 7).
Außerdem konnten wir 35 Patienten in der Ambulanz des Universitätsklinikums Leipzig
nachuntersuchen.
Das durchschnittliche Follow-up betrug 48 Monate (min. 6; max. 139). Die Gruppe der
degenerativen Erkrankungen zeigte die höchsten Score-Ergebnisse: 58 Punkte (min.
13; max. 87) im CS, einen Mittelwert von 35 (min. 82; max. 1) im DS und ein Ergebnis
von 0,72 (min. 0,028; max. 1) im EQ.
Die niedrigsten Ergebnisse erzielte die Gruppe der Sekundärversorgungen: 49 Punkte
(Min. 18; Max. 91) im CS, 42 (Min. 87; Max. 6) im DS, 0,68 (Min. -0,57; Max. 1) im EQ.
Knapp oberhalb lagen die Ergebnisse der primären Frakturversorgungen: CS von 52
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Punkten (Min. 20; Max. 93), 40 Punkte (Min. 73; Max. 4) im DS und 0,75 (Min. 0,19;
Max. 1 im EQ).
Die höchsten Ergebnisse zeigte Gruppe 7 mit 68 (Min. 24, Max. 90) Punkten im CS,
23 (Min. 38, Max. 6) Punkten im DS und 0,91(Min. 0,796, Max. 1) im EQ, dicht gefolgt
von Gruppe 5. Die Gruppen 1-4 rangierten im CS zwischen 38 und 49 Punkten. Gruppe
6 präsentierte die niedrigsten Ergebnisse: 37 im CS (Min. 18; Max. 61), 54 (Min. 82;
Max. 82) im DS und im EQ 0,415 (Min. -0,57; Max. 1).
Beim Vergleich der Inklinationswinkel konnten wir keinen klinisch relevanten
Unterschied feststellen. Die klinische Untersuchung zeigte Übereinstimmung mit den
Selbstevaluationen der Patienten.
Trotz der verhältnismäßig kleinen Patientenkohorte ist es uns gelungen, klinisch
relevante Unterschiede zwischen den einzelnen Indikationsgruppen aufzuzeigen.
Insbesondere bei den verschiedenen Ätiologien, welche zu einer Sekundärversorgung
mittels RSA führten, zeigten sich klare Abstufungen. Die ausbleibenden relevanten
Unterschiede zwischen den Inklinationswinkeln stärken unsere These der
Abhängigkeit des klinischen Outcomes von der zugrundeliegenden Indikation
ungemein.
Die Selbstevaluation inklusive selbstberichteter Bewegungsumfänge ist in der
Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie noch kein allgemeingültiger Goldstandard. Wir konnten
mit unseren Ergebnissen belegen, dass dieses Selbstbefragungs-Instrument
insbesondere im Hinblick auf die zurückliegende Covid-19-Pandemie ein
zuverlässiges Tool ist, welches reliable Ergebnisse liefert.:Abkürzungsverzeichnis
1 Einleitung
1.1 Das Glenohumeralgelenk
1.2 Die inverse Schulterendoprothese
1.2.1 Epidemiologie
1.2.2 Indikationen
1.2.3 Biomechanik der inversen Schulterendoprothese
1.3 Selbstevaluation in der Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie
2 Zielsetzung
3 Patienten & Methoden
3.1 Studiendesign
3.2 Erhobene Daten
3.3 Indikationen
3.4 Operative Versorgung
3.5 Fragebögen
3.5.1 Constant Score
3.5.2 DASH Score
3.5.3 EQ-5D-5L
3.6 Selbstevaluation und klinische Untersuchung
3.7 Statistik
4 Ergebnisse
4.1 Beschreibung des gesamten Patientenkollektives
4.1.1 Epidemiologische Daten
4.1.2 Indikationen
4.2 Auswertung der einzelnen Gruppen
4.2.1 Primäre Frakturen
4.2.2 Sekundärversorgungen
4.2.3 Degenerative Erkrankungen
4.3 Untergruppen der Sekundärversorgung
4.4 Einzelauswertung Constant-Score
4.5 Vergleich der Selbstevaluation mit der klinischen Untersuchung
4.6 Vergleich der Inklinationswinkel
5 Diskussion
5.1 Patientenkollektiv
5.2 Constant-Score in Abhängigkeit der Indikationen
5.3 Erfassung von Alltagskompetenz und Lebensqualität
5.4 Sekundärversorgungen
5.4.1 Frakturfolgeversorgungen (Gruppen 1-4)
5.4.2 Lockerung und Luxation einer Prothese (Gruppen 5, 6)
5.4.3 Infektionen (Gruppe 7)
5.5 Selbstevaluation und klinische Untersuchung
5.6 Inklinationswinkel
5.7 Fazit und Ausblick
6 Limitationen
7 Zusammenfassung der Arbeit
8 Literaturverzeichnis
9 Anlagen
9.1 Abbildungsverzeichnis
9.2 Tabellenverzeichnis
9.3 Constant-Score
9.4 DASH-Score
9.5 EQ-5D-5L
10 Erklärung über die eigenständige Abfassung der Arbeit
11 Curriculum vitae
12 Danksagun
Gregorianische Psalmodie im Spannungsfeld zwischen musiktheoretischer Grundlage und praktischer Ausführung
No full textGregorian chant has a musicological as well as a practical component. This is also true for the singing of psalms in psalm tones chanted daily during the office of Roman liturgy. The Benedictine monastery of Solesmes was re-founded in 1837 with the aim of reviving the medieval monastic ideal. For this purpose it was necessary to renew the chants of liturgy on the basis of a practical tradition. To this end, the monks of Solesmes developed a form of collective singing of the psalms, based on the one hand on the theoretical fundamentals of medieval tradition and on the other hand on performance of the psalms in the rhythm of speaking. The Editio Vaticana at the beginning of the 20th century was based on the work of the monks of Solesmes. In 1912 the Antiphonale Romanum was published, which contains all chants of the Hours of the Office except for Matins. These books, however, do not conform with the standards of a critical edition, but rather are practical song books, in each of which some of the many variants of medieval chant have been selected and made mandatory. Research into the subject of Gregorian chant within the Catholic church is therefore not practiced as an end in itself, but serves the practice of Gregorian chant and its performance during liturgy; it therefore views itself as neither historically informed nor historicizing. The results differ widely from the methodology of a musichistorian. For the text placement of the psalms a system of rules had to be developed for the collectively sung prayer. While the notes before the cadences are counted by syllables, in the cadences the word stress is considered. Since earlier editions of Gregorian chant books have not been unambiguous in their printed appearance, complicated explanation schemes had to be designed. Finally, in 1981 the new edition of the Psalterium Monasticum and, especially, the introduction of the first volume of the new Antiphonale Monasticum defined the allocation of syllables and stresses. In the new Antiphonale Monasticum of 2005 the order of the models of psalm tones was amended by the introduction of new tones, which had not been part of the octoechos system. Dom Jean Claire and Alberto Turco have demonstrated that some antiphons of small ambitus, which could not be assigned to a certain church mode, had originated already before the implementation of the octoechos system. They had, however, never been fully introduced into the new system; therefore the monks of Solesmes developed new psalm tones, which were deduced from the existing material. By designing the models, the rules of text placement and the derivation of new models of psalm tones, preoccupation with liturgical chant and its performance have brought forward new theoretical fundamentals of Gregorian chant