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An experiment was carried out to ascertain the role of propionate on glucose synthesis using eight Brahman steers which were equipped with rumen and abomasal cannulae and fed a basal diet consisted of barley straw ad libitum, 150 g/head/d mineral mix and 500 ml molasses. In addition, 75 g urea dissolved in 1500 ml water was infused continuously to rumen to satisfy the requirement for rumen degradable nitrogen (RDN) using a peristaltic pump. Two animals served as control while the other six received, respectively, 100, 150, 200, 250, 400, and 500 g/h/d sodium propionate which were dissolved in urea. Following three weeks adaptation period, an indwelling catheter was inserted into both sides of jugular veins and about 24 hour latter each animal received a bolus injection of 0.3 mCi 2_3H glucose via one of their jugular vein catheter. Blood samples were withdrawn from the other side of the catether at intervals of 30,60, 120, 180, 240, 300 and 360 minutes starting at the onset of 2_3H glucose administration. These samples were then assayed to allow a calculation of glucose entry rate (GER) assuming that the decay of specific radioactivity of 2_3H glucose followed a first order kinetic. The conversion efficiency of propionate to glucose synthesis was calculated by the difference between the increment of GER and the amount of propionate infused. The results showed that propionate infusion was associated with increased glucose entry and utilisation. The highest level of propionate infusion doubled the GER over that of control animals. This suggests that substantial amount of propionate had been converted into glucose. However, the increment in GER could not be accounted fully from the amount of propionate infused suggesting that the endogenous glucose entry varied markedly between animals. The conversion efficiency of propionate to glucose in this experiment ranged from -0.9 to 1.22.
No full textAn experiment was carried out to ascertain the role of propionate on glucose synthesis using eight Brahman steers which were equipped with rumen and abomasal cannulae and fed a basal diet consisted of barley straw ad libitum, 150 g/head/d mineral mix and 500 ml molasses. In addition, 75 g urea dissolved in 1500 ml water was infused continuously to rumen to satisfy the requirement for rumen degradable nitrogen (RDN) using a peristaltic pump. Two animals served as control while the other six received, respectively, 100, 150, 200, 250, 400, and 500 g/h/d sodium propionate which were dissolved in urea. Following three weeks adaptation period, an indwelling catheter was inserted into both sides of jugular veins and about 24 hour latter each animal received a bolus injection of 0.3 mCi 2_3H glucose via one of their jugular vein catheter. Blood samples were withdrawn from the other side of the catether at intervals of 30,60, 120, 180, 240, 300 and 360 minutes starting at the onset of 2_3H glucose administration. These samples were then assayed to allow a calculation of glucose entry rate (GER) assuming that the decay of specific radioactivity of 2_3H glucose followed a first order kinetic. The conversion efficiency of propionate to glucose synthesis was calculated by the difference between the increment of GER and the amount of propionate infused. The results showed that propionate infusion was associated with increased glucose entry and utilisation. The highest level of propionate infusion doubled the GER over that of control animals. This suggests that substantial amount of propionate had been converted into glucose. However, the increment in GER could not be accounted fully from the amount of propionate infused suggesting that the endogenous glucose entry varied markedly between animals. The conversion efficiency of propionate to glucose in this experiment ranged from -0.9 to 1.22
The morphology and the distribution of gut endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract of Indonesian native chicken were studied using Grimelius staining method. The endocrine cells were polymorph, round oval, triangular or pyramidal in shapes and scattered among the cells in the mucosal epitheli-um and glands of all portions of the gastrointestinal tract from stomach to rectum. These cells were characterized by the presence of basally located cytoplasmic granules that react positively with the silver granules of the staining method. Two types of endocrine cells were observed in this stu-dy included open type and closed type. In the open type cells cytoplasmic elongation reached the intestinal or glandular lumen. Closed type cells possessed no such elongation but there was cytoplasmic processes run in the basal membrane. Open cells were largely distributed in the intestine while closed type cells with basally cytoplasmic processes were numerous in the gizzard. In general the endocrine cells were numerous in the jejunum of the small intestine. In the distal portion of large intestine we found clusters of endo-crine cells in the glands. The morphology and distribution pattern observed was discussed in relation with their possible functional implications.
No full textThe morphology and the distribution of gut endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract of Indonesian native chicken were studied using Grimelius staining method. The endocrine cells were polymorph, round oval, triangular or pyramidal in shapes and scattered among the cells in the mucosal epitheli-um and glands of all portions of the gastrointestinal tract from stomach to rectum. These cells were characterized by the presence of basally located cytoplasmic granules that react positively with the silver granules of the staining method. Two types of endocrine cells were observed in this stu-dy included open type and closed type. In the open type cells cytoplasmic elongation reached the intestinal or glandular lumen. Closed type cells possessed no such elongation but there was cytoplasmic processes run in the basal membrane. Open cells were largely distributed in the intestine while closed type cells with basally cytoplasmic processes were numerous in the gizzard. In general the endocrine cells were numerous in the jejunum of the small intestine. In the distal portion of large intestine we found clusters of endo-crine cells in the glands. The morphology and distribution pattern observed was discussed in relation with their possible functional implications
Progesterone and Estradiol Profil In Ewes Injected With Prostaglandin (PGF,,) in Late Pregnancy
Full text linkSuatu percobaan telah dilakukan untuk mempelajari profil progesteron dan estradiol pada domba bunting yang korpus luteumnya telah dihilangkan pada akhir kebuntingan.Percobaan menggunakan tiga puluh lima domba yang terdiri dari dua puluh delapan domba bunting (14 ekor disuntik dengan prostaglandin F2, sintetik sedangkan 14 ekor lainnya tidak menerima penyuntikan prostaglandin F2=), dan tujuh ekor domba yang tidak bunting dan bersiklus sebagai kontrol. Domba percobaan dipelihara dalam kandang dengan makananrumput raja kering ditambah konsentrat. vitamin dan mineral Air minum tersedia secara ad libitum. Setiap minggu sampel darah diambil dari vena jugularis dengan menggunakanvacutainer steril untuk mendapatkan serum yang selanjutnya akan digunakan untuk menganalisa progesteron dan estradiol dengan radioimmunoassay fase padat Hasil percobaanmenunjukan bahwa penyuntikan prostaglandin pada akhir kebuntingan pada dornba tidak menyebabkan penurunan konsentrasi progesteron dan estradiol yang bermakna dalam serum induk. Luteolisis oleh prostaglandin F:,. tidak bermakna menurunkan konsentrasi progesteron dan estradiol dalam serum induk. Disimpulkan bahwa pada akhir kebuntinganpada domba, sumbangan korpus luteum terhadap total konsentrasi progesteron dan estradiol serta perkembangan kelenjar susu induk sangat kecil
Streptococcus agalactiae isolates FROM SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS CATTLE : I. In vitto phenotypic expression of isolates
Full text linkThirty six isolates Streptococcus agalactiae from subclinical mastitis cattle in Bogor were esanlincd their phenotypic espressions such as hemolytic pattern. supernatant turbidity inliquid medium, and colony morphology in semisolid medium (agar semi solid). Nine, fifteen and ttvelve isolates showed their a, 0, and y hemolytic patterns respectively. Fourteen isolates showed turbid supernatant, 18 isolates with less turbid supernatant, and the rest gave clear supernatant in fluid medium. In agar semi solid, 15 isolates showed mostly thick diffuse colonies in combination with thin diffuse and compact colonies, 17 isolates with mostly thin diffuse colonies in combination with thick diffuse and compact colonies. The rest isolates showed compact without diffuse colonies. There was a relation between growth pattern in fluid medium and colony morphology in agar semi solid, and the vari
The Detection of Taenia Saginata Cysticercus in Pigs and Cattle in Bali Using Elisa Method
Full text linkPenelitian mendeteksi sistiserkus Taenia saginata pada420 ekor ternak babi dan 210 ekor sapi telah dilakukan diBali. Metode yang dipakai adalah mendeteksi antigenmenggunakan double antibody.y sanwich ELISA (Avidirl-Biotirl sanwich ELISA). Sebanyak 47 ( 1 1 ,20/0) serum seropositif dari serum babi yang diperiksa. Dari contoh seropositif 38 (12,4%)berasal dari babi-babi yang dipotong diRPH Denpasar dan 9 (8,0%)seropositif asal babi-babi yangdipelihara oleh masyarakat di daerah-daerah endemik taeniasis- sistiserkosis di Bali. Dari serum sapi yang diperiksa terdapat 1 1 (5,2%,) serum yang seropositif terdiri dari 6 (53%) seropositif asal sapi yang dipotong di RPH dan 5 (5,0%)seropositif asal sapi-sapi milik peternak di daerah endemik taeniasis-sistiserkosis
Infection of Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus in Pig
No full textTransmissIble gastroenteritis (TGE) virus belong to corona virus which cause acute diarrhoea in under two years old young pig, especially young piglets. The pigs experience severe loss of body fluid which can lead to death. To prevent the disease, vaccination is a must, but the vaccine available at present is not effective. It is quite difficult to diagnose TGE clinically and diarrhoea could be due to other agents, i.e. bacterial, parasite and another viral infections. A comprehensive conclusion of laboratory examination, pathological finding, and clinical signs in the field can lead to definitive diagnose of TGE. A review about the disease, causative agent, characteristic of the agent, clinical signs, epidemiology, diagnose, control and prevention, and the occurrence in Indonesia based on serological result is presented
Relation Between Encapsulation of Streptococci of Serological Group B and Adherence Properties of The Bacteria to Deae-Sephacel
No full textDetermination of surface charge of group B streptococci by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel revealed that bovine and human group B streptococcal isolates with protein surrface antigens alone, or bacteria with protein antigen in combination with polysacharide antigens, adhered strongly to the gel matrix. In contrary, cultures with polysacchaide antigens alone showed no comparable adherence properties. Removal of neuraminic acid from bacterial surface enhanced, but pronase treatment reduced the adherence values. The importance of type specific capsular sialylation for group B streptococcal surface charge could be confirmed with group B streptococci of serotype III and their transposon mutagenized asialocapsular mutants. In contrary to the encapsulated parent strains the asialo capsular mutants adhered strongly to the gel matrix. Comparable differences were observed with unencapsulated group B streptococcal variant strains and its isogenic encapsulated parent strains. The capsule material seemed to mask the surface proteins responsible for the adherence to the gel matrix. The determination of surface charge of group B streptococci by ion exchange chromatography might help to understand the importance of capsular sialylation for individual isolates of this bacterial species
Sixteen isolates of group C streptococci taken during outbreak in pigs and monkeys in Bali were examined for their haemaglutination activities using 2% erythrocyte suspension from pigs. Five isolates (31,25%) showed very strong (++) result with geometric titer mean of 22.8, other isolates (31,25%) gave strong (+) results with geometric titer mean of 22 and the remain six isolates (37,5%) showed weak or negative haemagglutination activities. Nonencapsulated bacteria yielded haemagglutination activities stronger than encapsulated. Treatments with heating up to 90 °C, HCl extraction and opsonization reduced haemagglutination titers.
No full textSixteen isolates of group C streptococci taken during outbreak in pigs and monkeys in Bali were examined for their haemaglutination activities using 2% erythrocyte suspension from pigs. Five isolates (31,25%) showed very strong (++) result with geometric titer mean of 22.8, other isolates (31,25%) gave strong (+) results with geometric titer mean of 22 and the remain six isolates (37,5%) showed weak or negative haemagglutination activities. Nonencapsulated bacteria yielded haemagglutination activities stronger than encapsulated. Treatments with heating up to 90 °C, HCl extraction and opsonization reduced haemagglutination titers
Neurogliosis in Foetal Cerebrum of Rat (Rattus norvegicus) Originated From Hypothyroid Mother
No full textPengamatan atas korteks serebri dan kepadatan populasi jaringan otak telah dilakukan terhadap serebrum fetus tikus (Rattus norveg;cus) dari induk hipotiroid, hasil induksi dengan tiourea 0,6 % dalam air minum. Sampai dengan umur kebuntingan 14 hari tidak diperoleh perubahan. Penipisan korteks serebri dan peningkatan kepadatan populasi jaringan otak secara nyata terjadi pada umur fetus hari ke 18, 21 dan neonatal (
The Influence of Homologous and Heterologous Sera in Culture Medium on in Vitro Maturation and Fertilization of Sheep Oocytes
No full textThe influence of various types of sera i.e. Fetal Calf Serum (FCS), Bovine Post Estrous Serum (SPES) as heterolog sera; and Ewes Fetal Serum (EFS) and Ewes Serum (ES) as homologue sera on in vitro maturation and fertilization of sheep oocytes was investigated using Tissue Culture Medium 199TM (TCM 199. Gibco). Sovine sera were collected from cow at seven days post-estrus, while ewes sera were collected during estrous (ES-HO) and six days post estrous (ES-H6). The result shows that the maturation rate of oocytes cultured in medium supplemented with EFS, ES-HO and ES-H6 at concentrations of 32.9%, 68.7%, and 67.6% respectively is better than those supplemented with FCS and SPES at concentrations of 22.2% and 28.9%, respectively. In vitro fertilization rate were significantly higher in medium supplemented with ES-HO and ES-H6 at concentration of 65.4% and 65.8% (P < 0.05) than that supplemented with SPES at concentration of 31.7%. In conclusion, ewes sera could be used in culture medium for promoting both in vitro maturation and fertilization rate of sheep oocytes